Assessment of post-earthquake availability of hospital system and upgrading strategies

A model for the regional hospitals system behaviour in case of a seismic event is developed. The aim is the evaluation of the vulnerability of the system as well as the selection of the best intervention strategy for the retrofitting of the hospitals so as to minimize the cost benefit ratio and to evaluate the effect of different post-earthquake emergency measures like the use of camp hospitals. The efficiency of the system is measured in terms of the mean distance to be cured for persons injured by the earthquake and by damages to the system. Some simplifying assumptions are used and discussed; these can be easily removed if necessary. Results allow to clearly indicate the most convenient interventions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Yielding seismic response of code-designed single-storey asymmetric structures

A study on the seismic performance of asymmetric structures with non-linear behaviour and random properties is presented. The structural response of single-storey models, designed using different code criteria is studied using both a deterministic and a probabilistic approach. The worst structural behaviour, in terms of ductility demands, is obtained for symmetric models considering uncertain properties. It is shown that an arbitrary increase of the total lateral strength of the structures does not lead to an increment of the structural safety proportional to the total lateral strength increase, implying that an expensive structure is not always the safest. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stochastic finite element methods for the seismic response of soils

Some of the available stochastic finite element methods are adapted and evaluated for the analyses of response of soils with uncertain properties subjected to earthquake induced random ground motion. In this study, the dynamic response of a soil mass, with finite element discretization, is formulated in the frequency domain. The spectral density function of the response variables are obtained from which the evaluation of the root-mean-squared and the most probable extreme values of the response are made. The material non-linearities are incorporated by using strain compatible moduli and damping of soils using an equivalent linear model for stress–strain behaviour of soils and an iterative solution of the response. The spatial variability of the shear modulus is described through a random field model and the earthquake included motion is treated as a stochastic process. The available formulations of direct Monte-Carlo simulation, first-order perturbation method, a spectral decomposition method with Neumann expansion and a spectral decomposition method with Polynomial Chaos are used to develop stochastic finite element analyses of the seismic response of soils. The numerical results from these approaches are compared with respect to their accuracy and computational efficiency. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

基于透明土孔隙介质双渗流模型试验研究

对土体内部渗流可视化研究,透明土材料可以作为的重要研究手段之一,能实现的岩土体内部渗流直接观测研究。利用透明土技术,建立双重孔隙型介质渗流物理模型,利用有限差分软件FLAC3D建立双重孔隙型介质结构三维数值分析模型,进行测量数据和数值模拟计算对比分析。模型试验结果和模拟结果表明,基于透明体的双渗透实验能实现渗流的可视化,以及FLAC3D数值模拟结果与实验所测的流速曲线拟合良好。     

W51M分子云中H和He复合线的观测研究

W51M (W51 Main)是一个和HⅡ区成协的大质量恒星形成区,在其中可以探测到众多的分子谱线和H、He射电复合线.中国科学院上海天文台基于天马65 m望远镜对W51M的观测数据,证认了主量子数在74–117之间的H、He复合发射线,其中主量子数在74–78之间的H和He的α复合线均被探测到.结合H和He复合线的多普勒致宽,算出该HⅡ区的电子温度约为7400 K, He+/H+的离子丰度比约为0.09,这与已有的研究基本吻合.考虑高信噪比的复合线,即H(n)α(74n78),计算得出W51M的平均湍动速度是13.767 km·s-1.通过确定W51M或其他HⅡ区中的复合线,获取电子温度、湍动速度以及其他物理参量,在电子数密度、元素丰度、恒星形成率等方面进行了探讨,对分子谱线以及其他波段的复合线研究具有借鉴意义.     

利用无人机遥感监测农作物种植面积

南方平原耕地具有地块破碎、农作物种植品种多且空间分布混杂程度高等特点,运用传统的遥感技术方法精确监测农作物面积较为困难。无人机航拍具有拍摄时间灵活、空间分辨率高、成本低等优势,为解决这一难题提供了有利途径。本文通过地面样地调查,获取杭州市余杭区瓶窑镇农作物样地的位置及种植品种数据,利用面向对象的多尺度分割方法与随机森林的分类方法对无人机航拍数据进行分割、分类,深入挖掘高分辨率遥感数据信息,用于提取农作物种植品种及其空间分布信息,实现高精度的农作物种植面积遥感监测,推进无人机遥感在农业中的深入应用,提高农业遥感应用效益。     

全卷积网络和条件随机场相结合的全极化SAR土地覆盖分类

针对经典全卷积网络(fully convolution network,FCN)分类精度低、效果差,以及传统的极化合成孔径雷达(PolSAR)土地覆盖分类方法未充分考虑地物散射特性的问题,提出了一种结合改进FCN和条件随机场(conditional random field,CRF)的全极化SAR土地覆盖分类算法。首先,利用Freeman分解和Pauli分解建模全极化SAR影像,同时提取各分解对应的散射特征,参考Freeman分解散射功率获取其主散射分量对应的主散射地物;同时,借鉴在图像分类领域中具有卓越表现的FCN-Vgg19-8s网络,考虑其高层卷积参数量大和低层卷积模型参数优化程度不足,通过在高层和中层分别构建多尺度卷积组和代价函数设计了FCN-MD-8s网络,保证对整体模型参数进行降维和优化;以Freeman分解散射机理特征为基准,采用级连式迁移学习结构,实现FCN-MD-8s网络的模型训练和测试;然后,根据主散射分量所对应的主散射地物,在各分量预测图中提取出主特征地物,得到分量地物分类结果,并将其进行叠加得到全局粗分类;最后,利用全连接CRF结合Pauli相干分解重建假彩色图,对全局粗分类进行全局像素类别转移获得细分类结果。通过对分类结果定性和定量分析,可知提出算法具有有效性和可行性。     

系泊方柱在畸形波与波群伴生波浪作用下运动响应试验研究

畸形波与波群伴生波浪作用于系泊浮体,和常规随机波浪作用比较,运动响应时频域特征均将发生显著变化。基于物理模型试验,采用小波方法计算伴生波浪和常规随机波浪作用下系泊浮体运动响应的时频域特征变化及波群因子与浮体运动响应时频域特征的定量关系。结果表明:伴生波浪作用下浮体运动响应显著大于常规随机波浪的作用结果,且波群因子G A对浮体运动响应时频域特征有显著影响;伴生波浪作用下浮体纵荡运动的广义能量谱E(t)统计特征值E max(t)、E 1/10(t)、E 1/3(t)、E average(t)均明显大于相同波谱下常规随机波浪的结果,且随着波群因子G A增大显著增大;伴生波浪作用下各运动响应能量集中度δE显著大于常规随机波浪作用结果,且能量集中时域分布范围参数ΔT E以纵荡运动分量最为显著。     

基于间断自适应MRF的相位解缠算法

合成孔径干涉雷达（InSAR）技术已被广泛应用于地面高程信息的获取。相位解缠作为其关键步骤直接关系到地表高程的提取精度。然而,相位解缠受相位连续性假设的限制无法识别间断相位,影响在陡峭地形区域的高程反演精度。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于间断自适应马尔可夫随机场模型（DA-MRF）的相位解缠算法处理间断相位。首先构建DA-MRF模型的能量函数能够自适应地在连续相位处保持像素连接,同时在间断相位处阻断像素连接;然后再利用图割算法优化能量函数,完成相位解缠。仿真和实测数据试验证明,本文方法与常用的相位解缠算法相比,具有更强的间断相位保持能力,更适用于地形变化剧烈场景中的地形重建。     

Sentinel-2和AW3D30相结合的湿地提取

为了实现大范围湿地动态监测,本文以辽河入海口附近的盘锦湿地为研究区,基于Sentinel2-L1C和AW3D30 DSM数据,在随机森林分类的基础上,结合地形数字特征和多边形形状特征对研究区进行湿地信息提取。通过人工目视解译对该分类方法进行精度验证,结果表明：该方法的自动化程度较高,能够在较少的人工干预下提取湿地覆盖范围。提取结果精度较高,制图精度和总体精度分别为91.04%和82.65%,Kappa系数为0.599 7,说明本文所采用的计算机分类方法与人工目视解译方法具有较好的一致性。