高寒河谷灌丛冠层降雨再分配特征及影响因素

通过植被冠层的降雨被分割成冠层截留、穿透雨和树干茎流3个部分,这个过程（冠层降雨再分配）是高寒河谷灌丛生态演变的关键驱动因子之一,对于认识高寒河谷灌丛的水文循环过程及水分收支规律也具有重要意义。选取青海湖流域最重要的河谷灌丛--具鳞水柏枝作为研究对象,通过野外定点观测,深入分析了冠层降雨再分配特征及影响因素\.结果显示:①穿透雨量、树干茎流量、冠层截留量占同期降雨量的比例平均为48.40%、4.04%和47.56%,并在不同降雨量等级之间存在显著差异;②冠层降雨再分配各组成要素（穿透雨、树干茎流、冠层截留）与降雨特征参数存在高度相关性,伴随降雨量和降雨历时的增加,穿透雨量、树干茎流量、冠层截留量占同期降雨量的比例均逐渐趋于稳定,极限稳定值分别介于60.45%～61.07%、6.45%～7.42%、33.11%～34.17%;③产生穿透雨和树干茎流的临界降雨量分别为1.10 mm和1.87 mm,表明2 mm以下的降雨对土壤水分的补给基本没有贡献。因此,高寒河谷灌丛冠层降雨再分配与其他林木类型存在明显差异,需要深入研究其内在机制及水分利用规律。     

Discussion of “Neuro-fuzzy models employing wavelet analysis for suspended sediment concentration prediction in rivers”

Citation Abrahart, R.J. & Mount, N.J. (2011) Discussion of “Neuro-fuzzy models employing wavelet analysis for suspended sediment concentration prediction in rivers by S.A. Mirgagheri et al. (2010, Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(7), 1175–1189).” Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(7), 1325–1329.     

水脉泽寄主星系的倾角分析

迄今已经在104个河外星系中检测到水脉泽辐射.同其它没有检测到水脉泽的星系相比,水脉泽星系可能隐含着某种或某些特殊性质.收集了到当前为止(截止2008.09)发表的所有水脉泽星系以及相关的观测资料.计算得到了这些源的星系盘的倾角,并分析讨论了这些水脉泽源星系盘和脉泽盘的倾角可能存在的相关.统计发现只有大约10%的盘脉泽源的星系盘侧面对着我们的视线.然而VLBI对6个盘脉泽源高空间分辨率的成图观测显示那些旋转脉泽盘都是近似侧向的,脉泽盘的倾角都大于80°.对大多数水盘脉泽星系而言,他们的星系盘和脉泽盘方向不一致,这可能间接支持盘脉泽仅仅同星系核相关.为了探讨遮蔽物质的由来和水脉泽辐射的放大机制,对整个水脉泽样本的脉泽光度,X射线吸收气体柱密度和寄主星系倾角的可能相关进行了分析.结果显示高密度的遮蔽物质主要来自于星系核区,而水脉泽辐射的放大更可能发生在围绕核的尘埃盘(～100Pc)或更小尺度的核盘上.     

Preliminary Study on Applicability of Microsatellite DNA Primers from Parasite Protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi in Free-living Protozoa

1　Introduction　Generallyknownasacodominantgeneticmarker ,microsatellitehasbeenwidelyusedinstudiesonpopu lationgenetics,high resolutiongenotyping ,genemap ping ,evolution ,linkageanalysis ,conservationbiology ,behaviouralecology ,relationsbetweenparasite…     

一次东风波暴雨过程诊断分析

利用常规气象资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,结合自动站加密资料对2009年9月29日20:00至10月1日20:00发生在浙江东部沿海的一次东风波暴雨过程进行了分析.结果发现:0916号台风"凯萨娜"外围环流为此次东风波的形成提供了扰动作用,副热带高压的加强使得低层形成了明显的东南急流,为暴雨或强降水的发生提供了...     

Runoff-generated debris flows: Observation of initiation conditions and erosion–deposition dynamics along the channel at Cancia (eastern Italian Alps)

In the Dolomitic region, abundant coarse hillslope sediment is commonly found at the toe of rocky cliffs. Ephemeral channels originate where lower permeability bedrock surfaces concentrate surface runoff. Debris flows initiate along such channels following intense rainfall and determine the progressive erosion and deepening of the channels. Sediment recharge mechanisms include rock fall, dry ravel processes and channel-bank failures. Here we document debris flow activity that took place in an active debris flow basin during the year 2015. The Cancia basin is located on the southwestern slope of Mount Antelao (3264 m a.s.l.) in the dolomitic region of the eastern Italian Alps. The 2.5 km² basin is incised in dolomitic limestone rocks. The data consist of repeated topographic surveys, distributed rainfall measurements, time-lapse (2 s) videos of two events and pore pressure measurements in the channel bed. During July and August 2015, two debris flow events occurred, following similarly intense rainstorms. We compared rainfall data to existing rainfall triggering thresholds and simulated the hydrological response of the headwater catchment with a distributed model in order to estimate the total and peak water discharge. Our data clearly illustrate how debris entrainment along the channel is the main contributor to the overall mobilized volume and that erosion is dominant when the channel slope exceeds 16°. Further downstream, sediment accumulation and depletion occurred alternately for the two successive events, indicating that sediment availability along the channel also influences the flow behaviour along the prevailing-transport reach. The comparison between monitoring data, topographical analysis and hydrological simulation allows the estimation of the average solid concentration of the two events and suggests that debris availability has a significant influence on the debris flow volume. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

降雨对呼和浩特地震台形变观测的影响

为了研究降雨对定点形变观测的影响,在了解呼和浩特地震台形变观测环境后,分析了伸缩仪、水管倾斜仪和垂直摆倾斜仪的观测数据质量,统计了降雨量和各仪器分量的变化,并进行了相关分析,得到不同形变仪器测项数据变化幅度对降雨量的响应函数,结果显示两者间呈较好的线性相关。     

一次由列车效应引发的暴雨过程分析

利用自动站资料、探空资料、NCEP再分析资料以及雷达资料,对2016年6月26日浙西地区一次暴雨过程的列车效应特征、物理量特征以及中尺度特征进行诊断分析。结果表明:暴雨产生于中低层暖切及地面低压倒槽的背景场中。强降水时段内回波在江西地区生成并沿同一路径东移影响浙西地区,产生列车效应,同时雷达速度场的低层辐合区有利于列车效应中东移回波增强并产生强烈降水。中低层湿度增加、垂直上升速度增大以及暖式切变线的加强有利于水汽辐合抬升的加强,使得列车效应增强,有利于降水的增大。26日11时以后衢州中北部地区列车效应的产生与维持与中低层正涡度和水汽通量辐合在这个区域的持续作用密不可分。Barnes滤波显示中尺度辐合线的维持和移动与列车效应的维持和生消有较好地对应关系,同时地面加密风场中稳定的低压环流有利于列车效应回波源地的维持,实际业务中应加强对地面加密风场和低层中尺度辐合线的分析。     

华北盛夏旱涝的环流型特征及其在初夏的预兆

文中应用NCEP/NCAR 500 hPa逐日资料对影响华北盛夏旱涝的环流特征进行分析,给出了盛夏旱涝分别与“西高东低”和“东高西低”流型的对应关系。并进一步研究初夏与盛夏的环流演变特征,得知若在6月500 hPa华北出现异常增高过程时,则盛夏多出现“西高东低”流型,华北少雨;反之,6月华北出现异常低压过程时,盛夏多出现“东高西低”流型,华北多雨。6月华北高压区环流特征与盛夏的环流型相关系数达0.597,与华北中部盛夏降水相关系数为0.562,为初夏进行盛夏旱涝短期气候预测提供了依据。以此为根据建立了初夏对于天津盛夏降水短期气候预测的经验方法,在2002—2004年的业务应用中预报趋势都是正确的。     

Simplified vibratory characterization of alluvial basins

For the analysis of seismic wave amplification, modal methods are interesting tools to study the modal properties of geological structures. Modal approaches mainly lead to information on such parameters as fundamental frequencies and eigenmodes of alluvial basins. For a specific alluvial deposit in Nice (France), a simplified modal approach involving the Rayleigh method is considered. This approach assumes a set of admissible shape functions for the eigenmodes and allows a fast estimation of the fundamental frequency of the basin. The agreement with other numerical results (Boundary Element Method) and experimental ones is fully satisfactory. The simplified modal method then appears as an efficient mean for the global vibratory characterization of geological structures towards resonance. To cite this article: J.-F. Semblat et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).