神经网络在卫星钟差短期预报中的应用研究

本文针对卫星钟差的特点,提出了基于神经网络的卫星钟差短期预报模型,给出了基于径向基函数(RBF)网络进行卫星钟差预测的基本思想、预测模型和实施步骤,并对比分析了神经网络模型与灰色系统理论模型的区别.为验证本文提出的预报模型的可行性和有效性,利用GPS卫星钟差数据进行钟差预报精度分析,并与灰色系统模型进行对比分析.仿真结...     

Statistics for Size and Radial Wind Profile of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific

The 6-yr best-track data of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific are used to study the statistical features of TC size and radial wind profile. A TC size is defined as the azimuthal mean radius of 34-kt surface wind. On average, the TCs in the western North Pacific have a size of 203 km, and the size is larger for stronger TCs. Further analyses show that larger TCs tend to move faster than smaller ones, with a 23–24 km difference in size corresponding to a difference of about 10 km h -1 in m...     

Seismogram Analysis of Earthquake C060394F,South Java: S-wave Velocity Structure

The S wave velocity structure between the hypocenter of C060394F earthquake,South Java and a series of observatory stations located in Australia and South-East Asia have been investigated through seismogram analysis in the time domain and the three Cartesian components.The synthetic seismogram is constructed from the PREMAN global earth model.Seismogram comparison between the measured and synthetic seismograms shows large discrepancies.A correction to the S wave velocity structure is needed to solve these d...     

Multiscale modeling of a sensitive marine clay

This paper examines the mechanical behavior of a sensitive marine clay. Various laboratory tests on intact and reconstituted samples of Guinea Gulf marine clay were performed under isotropic compression and drained triaxial compression at constant confining stresses. Microstructure analysis on intact and reconstituted samples was also carried out under different loading conditions. The effect of inter‐aggregates bonding on mechanical properties is discussed. Based on experimental analysis, a new modeling method is proposed. In this approach, the clay is regarded as an assembly of aggregates of clay particles. An inter‐aggregate contact law is introduced relating contact forces to aggregates relative displacements. The deformation of the assembly can be obtained by integrating the movement of the inter‐aggregate contacts in all orientations. Thus, the effect of inter‐aggregates bonds and debonding is considered in a direct way. The model is evaluated through comparisons between the predicted and measured results on Guinea Gulf marine clay. The evolutions of local stresses, strains, and bonds in inter‐aggregates planes are discussed to explain the anisotropy induced by the applied loading. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Opaque mineralogy and magnetic properties of selected banded iron‐formations,Hamersley Basin,Western Australia

The oxide mineralogy and rock magnetic properties of unmineralised banded iron‐formations in selected portions of four drillholes in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia are reviewed. In all four drillholes, petrographic studies indicate that primary euhedral to subhedral hematite is partially replaced by magnetite as a result of subsolidus reduction. All drillholes show partial recrystallisation of the secondary magnetite, suggesting that early subsolidus reduction was probably a regional event occurring during prograde metamorphism. Incomplete replacement of primary hematite by magnetite within and between sedimentary band structures indicates that equilibration in the magnetite stability field was not reached even at the mesoband scale. Subsequent subsolidus oxidation of magnetite and the formation of a second‐generation hematite are documented in only two of the drillholes. Goethite‐filled veins and thick selvages of goethite around some veins reflect movement of circulating oxidising fluids. The absence of goethite and second‐generation hematite in two of the drillholes indicates that subsolidus oxidation is not a regional event, but very much localised. Rapid changes in down‐hole susceptibility measurements correlate directly with detailed petrographic results as susceptibility readings change with the hematite/magnetite ratio on a mesoband scale. Acquisition of the main remanence correlates with the formation of hematite as the primary oxide phase followed by partial replacement by magnetite as a result of subsolidus reduction, supporting regional models requiring pre‐folding remanence. The strong orientation of the primary hematite parent parallel to band structures in the banded iron‐formations has influenced the direction of crystallisation remanent magnetisation during subsolidus reduction to the magnetite daughter. The strong planar alignment has also produced a planar magnetic fabric and marked anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. A natural remanent magnetisation overprint and reduction in anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility are only recorded in samples that have undergone subsolidus oxidation and the recognition of localised post‐metamorphic oxidation overprinting can also explain ore deposit models requiring post‐folding remanence. The relative timing of and between oxidising fluid events is not known, but both petrographic and rock magnetic evidence to date suggests that there was at least one and probably two post‐folding oxidising events in the area of study.     

各向异性介质中大地电磁场的异常特征

给出各向异性介质二维地电断面大地电磁场的边值问题以及等价的变分问题。对计算区域采用矩形网格中进一步三角细化的剖分方式并在三角单元内进行线性插值,解出有限单元法数值解。通过典型模型的正演模拟,得到大地电磁测深曲线,并与前人的研究工作对比,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Current-independent paleomagnetic declinations in flysch basins: a case study from the Inner Carpathians

Paleomagnetic declinations from the Inner Carpathian Paleogene Basin imply that the area rotated counterclockwise about 60°, during the Miocene[1]. The question may arise if the paleomagnetic declination could have been biased by the W-E directed turbidity currents prevailing in the basin causing an apparent counter-clockwise rotation of the paleomagnetic direction.

The paleomagnetic results were obtained for fine grained strata, deposited in relatively calm water. Nevertheless, to confirm the paleomagnetic rotation, we needed evidence that flow activity on the magnetic grains was indeed insignificant in the beds yielding paleomagnetic results. Therefore, we carried out magnetic anisotropy measurements.

Results of AMS (representing para and ferromagnetic minerals together) measurements, compared with paleomagnetic observations, demonstrate that well-clustered lineations at locality level and failure to define a paleomagnetic direction are coupled. Lineation, when observable, is flow parallel, suggesting that magnetic lineation in the Inner Carpathian flysch basins may be regarded as a good proxy for turbidity current direction. It is remarkable, however, that the well-defined paleomagnetic directions are observed for localities, where the magnetic fabric is not showing lineation on locality level. Moreover, the lineation direction of the ferromagnetic minerals alone (obtained by measuring the anisotropy of the remanence) is independent of that of the turbidity currents. Thus we can safely conclude that the Inner Carpathian flysch basin indeed was affected by 60° tectonic rotation, and the paleomagnetic vectors were not biased by paleocurrents.     

伊犁山区雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)不同树干高度树木径向生长特征及其对气候响应

采集新疆伊犁地区雪岭云杉（Picea schrenkiana）1.3 m、5 m、10 m、15 m、20 m和25 m树干高度树轮样本并研制其树轮宽度年表。通过相关分析得出不同树干高度树木径向生长对气候要素的响应关系及其稳定性,并计算出不同气象因子的相对贡献率和绝对贡献率。结果表明：（1） 不同树干高度具有相似的径向生长变化特征,且平均气温和降水量的影响主要表现为各树干高度树轮宽度与当年9月降水量的显著负相关,与上年11月平均气温的显著正相关,并且5 m至25 m树干高度处还受当年7月降水量的影响。（2） 通过贡献率量化各树干高度气象因子影响情况,1.3 m和5 m树干高度的主要影响因子是平均气温,而10 m、15 m、20 m和25 m树干高度的主要影响因子则是降水量。（3） 滑动相关分析得到各树干高度对气候变化响应的稳定性存在差异,主要表现为各树干高度处与上年12月平均气温相关性减弱,与当年6月平均气温相关性先增强后减弱,与上年9月平均气温负相关性增强;1.3 m至15 m树干高度与当年9月降水量负相关性增强,10 m至25 m树干高度与当年1月降水量相关性减弱。通过分析不同树干高度树木径向生长与气候要素的关系,有助于了解各树干高度树木径向生长与气候响应的差异,为开展更精确的气候重建提供参考。     

基于神经网络的规则提取及其渔业应用研究

为了解决远洋渔业中过度依赖经验而产生的盲目捕捞问题,结合海洋环境数据和历史产量数据对渔场进行有效分析,提出了一种基于径向基函数神经网络(Radial basis function neural network,RBFNN)的栖息地指数(HSI)预测方法,并将其应用于印度洋海域大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)栖息地指数的预测。在RBFNN训练过程中使用模糊C均值(Fuzzy c-means,FCM)聚类算法,在基于神经网络的规则提取过程中首次采用了和声搜索(Harmony search,HS)算法。实验研究表明,利用FCM改进后的RBFNN,均方误差(Mean square error,MSE)达到0.021 6。和声搜索由于算法简单,易于实现,能够应用于训练后的FCM-RBFNN提取分类规则,提取出的规则能够反映该渔业现状。