火山岩与地形联合约束下海岛土壤稀土元素地球化学空间分布异质性——以广西涠洲岛为例

海岛土壤地球化学特征的研究对于认识海岛表生地质环境有重要意义。本研究以我国最大的第四纪火山海岛——涠洲岛为案例,重点研究亚热带海岛环境下火山岩风化土壤的稀土元素（REE）地球化学特征,并探讨影响其空间分布的关键因素。结果表明,涠洲岛土壤REE总量（ΣREE）自然变化范围较大,介于59.07~575.30 mg/kg,平均值为285.53 mg/kg,高于中国大陆土壤背景值（163.86 mg/kg）,指示火山岩风化海岛具有较高的土壤REE丰度。反距离权重插值法（IDW）分析指示,岛内土壤的REE含量高低变化呈现出以带状和斑块状为主体形态的空间分布不均一性,推断其成因与母质岩石类型和地形位置等因素密切相关。3种不同岩性的成土母岩的ΣREE含量变化序列为：玄武岩（236.66 mg/kg）>火山碎屑岩（215.58 mg/kg）>含生物碎屑海滩沉积物（18.99 mg/kg）,对应的土壤ΣREE含量具有类似变化规律,即玄武岩土壤（307.20 mg/kg）>火山碎屑岩土壤（297.46 mg/kg）>含生物碎屑海滩沉积物土壤（89.73 mg/kg）。该证据指示母岩是控制岛内土壤REE含量变化的首位因素,玄武岩整体上易形成具有较高REE丰度的土壤,火山碎屑岩次之,而含生物碎屑海滩沉积物反之。此外,本研究还发现火山碎屑岩单一岩性区内,发育的土壤REE含量也会随地形地貌差异而出现显著变化,其原因是地形地貌制约了土壤矿物和化学风化程度,海蚀丘陵比海积平原更利于海岛土壤中REE次生富集作用的发生。

     

地中电偶极源极低频电磁场的分布与传播特征

利用层状大地中偶极源响应的正演算法, 计算地中电偶极源激发的极低频地震电磁场并分析其在地球环境下的传播特征.设计了多个水平层状地球模型, 分别模拟和展示了深埋地中的电偶极源的响应和空间分布特征.重点分析了含地壳波导+LAI波导模型的高阻大地中, 倾斜电偶极源激励响应随观测点的偏移距和垂直位置、激励源深度、地壳波导结构和参数变化时各场量响应的幅频特征.研究表明, 用倾斜电偶极源模拟和分析高阻大地中孕震电磁辐射的响应及在大地电磁系统中的传播特性是可行的; 模拟的高阻大地中的电磁辐射在地壳波导和LAI波导中均表现有慢衰减或幅值增强特性, 但两个波导效应具有不同的频率选择性; 高阻大地中的电磁辐射在波导的高阻介质中具有幅值强、衰减慢的特点.建议在高阻地层出露的地表、井中或海底的高阻岩层中以及大气层中布设测站.

     

基于均值漂移的粒子滤波算法设计及其在导航数据处理中的应用

针对标准粒子滤波算法中存在的计算量大和粒子的权值退化的缺陷,将均值漂移算法和PF算法进行融合,设计基于均值漂移搜索算法的粒子滤波新算法。该算法仍遵从粒子滤波算法的计算框架,基本原理是利用MS算法对粒子的聚类作用,将均值漂移思想融合到粒子滤波算法的重要性采样过程中,对粒子集进行确定性搜索,使每个粒子收敛于局部最优值,这样粒子的状态表示更接近真实的状态分布,因此只需较少的粒子数便可达到未嵌入MS的使用大量粒子数的粒子滤波状态估计的性能,从而在缓解粒子的权值退化的同时提高粒子滤波算法的实时性。大量的数值试验和对GPS/DR组合导航数据处理的结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

阿尔泰高山区金矿带的确定和意义

根据地质、地球化学和资源总量预测等方法的综合研究表明,在阿尔泰高山区红山咀断裂以北宽20～30km,东西长约150km地带为一重要金成矿带。金矿赋存于晚古生代陆相酸—中酸性火山岩地层中,空间上受冰长石-黄铁绢英岩化蚀变带严格控制,是以毒砂、辉锑矿等金属硫化物为主要载体的层控浅成低温热液溶滤型金矿,也是一种新的重要的金矿工业类型。     

基于灰色马尔科夫链预测系统的设计与实现

通过对灰色GM[1,1]模型的算法改进,将改进后的灰色模型与马尔科夫链结合,既可以发挥灰色系统预测精确的特点,又可以利用马尔科夫链对准确预测波动性数据的优势。在灰色马尔科夫链模型的算法基础上,采用Visual Studio 2005开发环境,进行灰色马尔科夫链预测系统的设计。最后利用南方某地区十年来土地利用数据进行系统验证,结果表明,灰色马尔科夫链模型能很大地提高预测的精度和效果,符合实际要求。     

内蒙古贺根山蛇纹岩化流体来源的H-O-B同位素地球化学制约

对内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩带内3个采样点的蛇纹岩样品开展了主量、微量元素和H-O-B同位素分析,以揭示其构造属性、蛇纹石化温度和流体来源。贺根山蛇纹岩具有低Al_2O_3含量(0.2%~1.3%)、高Mg~#(89~92)特征,为难熔地幔残余。蛇纹岩的U型稀土元素配分模式、相对富集LILE和亏损HFSE的微量元素地球化学特点,反映其原岩为化学成分高度亏损的俯冲带型(SSZ)超基性岩。样品的dD值相对均一(dD=-120‰~-133‰);理论计算显示,这些蛇纹岩的H同位素组成可能是蛇绿岩剥露地表后与区域大气降水发生再平衡作用的结果。贺根山蛇纹岩的d~(18)O变化在4.3‰~9.8‰之间,反映不同地点蛇纹石化的温度存在差别:其中贺根山东样品具有相对较高的d~(18)O值(d~(18)O=7.7‰~9.8‰),蛇纹石化温度为90~130℃,同时部分样品中出现碳酸盐矿物,表明蛇纹石化作用发生在近海底环境;小坝梁样品具有最低的d~(18)O值(d~(18)O=4.3‰~5.0‰),其蛇纹石化温度在205~235℃之间;贺根山南样品的d~(18)O值变化范围较大(d~(18)O=6.0‰~9.7‰),其蛇纹石化温度在90~170℃之间。3个采样点蛇纹岩的d~(11)B值也显示出一定的变化(d~(11)B=9.1‰~14.7‰),指示蛇纹石化流体来源于脱水的蚀变洋壳和海底沉积物;理论模拟和计算结果显示,这些板片流体的d~(11)B值变化在15‰~25‰之间。     

A Time-Transformed Leapfrog Scheme

We present a time-transformed leapfrog scheme combined with the extrapolation method to construct an integrator for orbits in N-body systems with large mass ratios. The basic idea can be used to transform any second-order differential equation into a form which may allow more efficient numerical integration. When applied to gravitating few-body systems this formulation permits extremely close two-body encounters to be considered without significant loss of accuracy. The new scheme has been implemented in a direct N-body code for simulations of super-massive binaries in galactic nuclei. In this context relativistic effects may also be included.     

泌阳凹陷毕店地区油藏特征浅析

泌阳凹陷毕店地区经过三十多年的勘探,一直没有取得实质性的突破。2005年以来对该区三维地震资料重新处理与解释攻关,基本具备了精细勘探的物质基础。毕店地区主体已发现的油气藏类型以断层+岩性油气藏为主。通过应用系统的研究思路,以现代石油地质理论为指导,初步探讨毕店地区油藏分布特征与油气成藏的控制作用。     

Structure of the Potential Vorticity of an Explosive Cyclone over the Eastern Asian Region in Late November 2013

An explosive extratropical cyclone(EC)over the Eastern Asian region that caused two shipwrecks is analyzed using ERA-Interim reanalysis data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.Analyses of the evolution of the EC reveal that the positive potential vorticity(PV)at the upper-tropospheric level displays a hook-shaped structure during the mature period of the cyclone.The PV distribution forms a vertically coherent PV structure called a PV tower.The vertical distribution of the PV can induce and strengthen cyclonic circulation from the lower-to upper-levels of troposphere,which is an important deepening mechanism of explosive cyclone.The PV tower occurs approximately ten hours prior to the development of surface occlusion in the cyclone.The evolution of surface fronts closely follows the development of the horizontal upper-tropospheric PV.This tandem development is largely attributed to the ability of the positive upper-tropospheric PV and the PV tower to induce cyclonic circulation simultaneously.The kinematic wrap-up process of cyclonic circulation also accelerates the formation of warm occlusion.A conceptual model of the distributions of positive PV and potential temperature combining the perspectives of dynamic tropopause folding,PV tower,and atmospheric stability,including westward tilting and baroclinicity,is proposed.This model can illustrate the explosive deepening mechanism of ECs.The regions of convective instability and rainfall determined by this model are consistent with those identified from the actual observation.     

An observational constraint on the existence of proto-superclusters at z =3.3

Observations have been conducted using the Ooty Radio Telescope in order to place constraints on the evolutionary scenario leading to the formation of the present day superclusters. The experiment attempted to detect 21 cm emission from massive neutral hydrogen condensates at a redshift ofz = 3.3. In an Einstein de-Sitter universe with baryon density Ω = 0.05, about ten condensates were expected in the volume surveyed if superclusters, having H I masses ≃5 × 10₁₅ M _⊙, were the first objects to separate out of the Hubble expansion. The sensitivity of our experiment rules out the existence of these condensates atz = 3.3 unless their lifetimes are less than one-tenth the dispersion in their epoch of formation or the proto-superclusters subtend angles greater than 6 arcmin. The result indicates that superclusters form at z > 3.3 if indeed they were the first objects to condense out of the Hubble flow. An erratum to this article is available at .