冲绳海槽浮岩的蚀变作用原因

在冲绳海槽海底浮岩的蚀变中ＳｉＯ２和Ｎａ２Ｏ相对含量明显减少，而Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＣＯ２、ＭｎＯ和Ｐ２Ｏ５含量则明显增加；Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｋ２Ｏ、ＦｅＯ含量基本保持不变。蚀变作用导致了赤铁矿、针铁矿和非晶质Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ氧化物和绿泥石等粘土矿物的生成。多数微量元素的含量在蚀变样品中增加，尤其是Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｘｃ、Ａｓ、Ｂｒ、Ｒｂ和Ｔｈ。除Ｎｄ外轻稀土元素含量增加，大部分重稀土元素含量减小     

Tsunami washover deposits, Tawharanui, New Zealand

Barrier dunes on the northern side of the Tawharanui Peninsula, north of Auckland, New Zealand, appear to have been overtopped by extreme waves that have deposited two large sand washover lobes in a back beach wetland. Present-day storm surges and storm waves are incapable of overtopping the barrier dunes. However, historical data and numerical models indicate tsunamis are amplified by resonance within the adjacent bay and Hauraki Gulf. Further, the location of nearshore reefs in close proximity to the washover lobes suggests that the interaction between tsunamis and the reefs further amplified the waves at those locations. The presence of a distinctive pumice (Loisels Pumice) within the washover deposits suggests that the deposits are associated with a 15th Century eruption from the submarine Mt Healy caldera located northeast of New Zealand.     

Isotopic feature and uranium dating of the volcanic rocks in the Okinawa Trough

1 Introduction The Okinawa Trough(OT) extends for ~1200 km between Taiwan and Kyushu, and is an incipient back-arc basin bounded by the Ryukyu Arc to the south and east, and by Diaoyudao Uplift Belt[1,2] (Tai- wan-Sinzi Belt[3]) to the north and west. Drastic faults and volcanic activities are the typical features in the OT. Generally, the OT is divided into three segments (north, middle and south) by the Tokara Strait and Kerama Gap[4]. The geological features, such as tec- tonics, m…     

西沙群岛东岛浮岩矿物地球化学特征及成因探讨

本文对采自西沙群岛东岛的2件浮岩样品进行了岩石学和矿物地球化学研究,研究表明,东岛浮岩样品属于中性火山岩,SiO_2含量在60%左右,化学组成相当于粗面岩,斑状结构,斑晶主要为斜长石、单斜辉石和少量橄榄石,基质为玻璃质。斜长石及辉石斑晶矿物具有中心熔蚀结构,斜长石形成温度为1030℃-1080℃;单斜辉石属均为普通辉石,斑晶Al_2O_3含量较低;橄榄石属于透铁橄榄石,橄榄石斑晶Fo值为55.40-60.53,从核部到边部各化学成分略有降低,且具有轻微的化学成分环带。从核部到边部Fo值略有降低。东岛浮岩岩浆是西沙地块受到拉张作用,中地壳物质减压熔融形成粗面质岩浆,并经历短暂的岩浆房冷凝时期,拉张减薄作用形成裂谷后,由于压力突然释放,粗面质岩浆沿裂谷快速上升在水下喷发形成浮岩。     

冲绳海槽中南部浮岩的岩石地球化学特征及其成因

冲绳海槽中南部广泛分布一套浮岩类岩石,其中以灰白色酸性浮岩为主,化学组成相当于英安流纹岩,深灰色中基性浮岩零星出露,化学组成与玄武安山岩相当.研究表明本区浮岩属造山带地区火山岩,形成于强烈构造活动构造背景,稀土元素标准化模式相似,均表现为负铕异常,表明它们之间的同源性,并经历过不同程度不同的斜长石分异作用.除Sr和中部浮岩的Yb有明显亏损以外,其它微量元素均表现为明显富集,尤其是Ba、Rb、Th、La和Ce等大离子亲石元素表现为显著富集.     

长白山天池火山千年大喷发空降浮岩碎屑的形貌特征和最终沉降速度

碎屑的形貌参数是计算碎屑最终沉降速度公式中的一个重要参数,而以往在计算中只是把碎屑假设为球形或椭球形,未对其进行详细研究.通过对长白山天池火山千年大喷发产生的空降碎屑的形貌分析得到一些新的认识:空降碎屑以浮岩为主,浮岩碎屑的形态不规则,从等轴状到拉长状,从次圆状到棱角状都有.随着浮岩碎屑粒径的减小,颗粒拉长现象明显,拉...     

Rock magnetic analyses as a tool to investigate diversity of drift pumice clasts: An example from Japan's 2021 Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba (FOB) eruption

The crystallization of nanolites within magma chambers has recently raised a strong interest due to their impact on increasing melt viscosity and triggering magmatic eruptions. In 2021, the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba (FOB) underwater eruption produced large quantities of pumices that eventually formed rafts drifting at the surface of the ocean to the East coasts of Japan. Pumices collected along the shore shortly after grounding show various colors, microscopic and Raman analyses made by Yoshida et al. (Island Arc, 31, 1, 2022) revealed the presence of magnetite nanolites in some of them. In this study, we explore the magnetic properties of a batch of pumices of different colors from the FOB eruption, aiming to refine characterization of iron oxide nanolites. We used various analytical techniques such as SEM and FEG-SEM observations, EDS-X analyses, and rock magnetic experiments, including thermomagnetic analyses, hysteresis curves, coercivity analyses and FORC measurements. Our findings reveal that the iron oxides present in the FOB samples are Ti-magnetite, with minor amounts of Mg and Al. The magnetic crystals show a wide range of sizes, from extra small iron oxide nanolites (ESION) in the pumices with the lighter colors, to more bulky grains reaching the micrometer size in some of the dark color samples, significant diffusion is inferred in that case. Consequently, the magnetic characterization of iron oxide crystals within the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba pumices reveals varying stages of nucleation, dissolution, growth, and diffusion processes, providing evidences for the heterogeneous state of the magma during the eruption.     

冲绳海槽中部的火山口

冲绳海槽位于中国东海大陆架的东部,与东海陆架相连,是一个新生的孤后盆地,海底火山活动和地震频繁,断裂体系十分发育,沉积了十分丰富的火山碎屑沉积物,根据海底沉积物中的浮岩与磁铁矿含量变化,结合水深资料推测了海底火山口的位置,结果表明Z 14—5测站(27°18′N、127°12′E)附近是一个火山口。     

冲绳海槽浮岩中碳、氢同位素组成特征

利用分阶段热解释放气体质谱分析法研究了冲绳海槽浮岩热解释放气中CO₂和H₂O的碳、氢同位素组成,结果显示:浮岩中原生CO₂和H₂O主要释放于400～1 000℃,CO₂的碳同位素组成介于-6.7×10-3～-22.7×10-3,H₂O的氢同位素组成从-45×10-3变到-71×10-3,均落入幔源火山岩的变化范围,而且浮岩的氢同位素组成与海槽区玄武岩的氢同位素组成非常接近,这表明冲绳海槽浮岩与玄武岩之间具有密切的成因联系,浮岩岩浆和玄武岩岩浆是同源岩浆不同程度结晶分异的产物.另外,这些浮岩较洋中脊玄武岩要贫13C,并富集D,同时具有从洋中脊玄武岩向岛弧玄武岩变化的趋势,这表明浮岩岩浆在形成或上升过程中可能受到俯冲板块释放流体的影响.