Late Pleistocene to early Holocene lake level and paleoclimate insights from Stansbury Island, Bonneville basin, Utah

This paper reports on recent multiproxy research conducted to determine the chronology of lake-level fluctuations recorded in sediments from a natural exposure at a classic Bonneville basin site. Grain size, carbonate percentage, magnetic susceptibility, amount of charcoal, and diatom community composition data were collected from the 16 lacustrine units that compose the 122 cm stratigraphic column in Stansbury Gulch. Trends observed in the measured proxies reveal several significant changes in lake level, and thereby effective moisture, over the approximately 14,500 yr time span represented by the sediments. Results (1) verify the effectiveness of the multiproxy approach in Bonneville basin studies, which has been underutilized in this region, (2) reaffirm the double nature of Lake Bonneville's Stansbury oscillation, (3) suggest a previously undocumented post-Gilbert highstand of Great Salt Lake, and (4) identify possible teleconnections between climate events in the Bonneville basin and events in the North Atlantic at about 20,500 and 7500 ¹⁴C yr BP.     

Cycladophora davisiana (Radiolarian) in the Bering Sea during the late Quaternary: A stratigraphic tool and proxy of the glacial Subarctic Pacific Intermediate Water

The Bering Sea, located in the Subarctic Northern Pacific Ocean, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and modern and past global climatic sys-tems, which originates from a very effective biological pump, indicating much higher biogenic opal produc-tion than calcium carbonate[1]. Measured biological particular fluxes show that the flux in the Bering Sea is twice over that in the open ocean. Thereby, the Ber-ing sea is thought as a CO2 sink[2]. At the same time, the Bering Sea…     

中国树木年轮气候学研究动态与展望

介绍了我国的树木年轮气候学研究取得的新进展,包括野外取样、建立年表,“年轮—气候”相关分析、密度分析和模式研究等方面。同时,还论及了今后在我国开展该项研究的前景与潜力。     

Multi-proxy evidence for Late Pleistocene-Holocene climatic and environmental changes in Lop-Nur,Xinjiang, Northwest China

A 10.35-m-long sediment core from the Luobei depression in Lop-Nut, Xinjiang, Northwest China, pro- vides detailed information about environmental changes during the Late Pleistocene. The samples taken every 5 cm of the core were analyzed for 10 environmental proxies, including magnetic susceptibility, granularity, chroma, car-bonate and loss on ignition （LOI）, and pH value. The chronology data are provided by the uranium/thorium disequi-librium dates. The sediments of the section were deposited during the last 32000 years. The results of analysis of 10 proxies were examined using multivariate statistical analysis, and the principal components were calculated. According to the results, the Late Pleistocene sequence contains four climatic and environmental stages appearing in the cycles of cold-wet and warm-dry changes. During 10-9 ka BP, it was the earliest warm episode in the Holocene. Environmental changes in this district were restricted by global change, as suggested by the analysis of glacial-interglacial cycles. But it was different from the mutative trend of a monsoon region in East China because of its own characteristics, which was the situation of cold-wet and warm-dry climate-environment change. The candidate reason may be the uplift of the Tibet Plateau and the westerly wind circulation.     

Precipitation as a proxy for climate variables: application for hydrological modelling

It has been proposed that linear regression curves can be used to estimate monthly climate variables from observed precipitation. This approach was explored by applying the MGB hydrological model to the Paraná Basin (Brazil). Linear regressions were obtained for 54 climate gauges, and most of them showed at least six months of significant correlation between monthly climate variables (sunlight hours and relative humidity) and precipitation. The regression equations were applied to 5201 raingauges to estimate monthly climate variables and evapotranspiration, and the results were compared with a scenario using long-term climate averages only. The main differences occurred in wetter periods, where negative correlations between monthly precipitation and evapotranspiration were obtained when using precipitation as a proxy. Long-term changes in the hydrological regime were assessed and showed that the effect of precipitation on relative humidity and sunlight hours seems to have a minor effect on the alterations observed in river discharge in the Paraná Basin.     

铬稳定同位素地球化学

随着多接收质谱仪分析技术的进步,铬稳定同位素体系在最近二十几年的环境科学和地球化学中得到了越来越广泛的应用。铬元素属于氧化还原敏感元素,在氧化还原反应过程中伴随着较大的同位素分馏。因此,铬同位素在指示现代或古代环境的氧化还原状态方面有着重要的应用。同时,铬也是中度相容和轻度亲铁元素,使得铬稳定同位素体系也可用来制约高温地质过程(如核幔分异、地幔熔融和岩浆分异结晶等)以及地外行星的演化。本综述首先介绍铬稳定同位素体系,随后讲述分析方法、铬同位素分馏原理以及铬同位素在高温、低温地球化学中的应用。     

支持IPv4/IPv6互访的流媒体代理服务器的研究

随着新一代互联网技术的发展,流媒体应用逐渐向IPv6协议迁移,造成了IPv4/IPv6之间流媒体不能互访的问题。简要介绍了基于RTSP协议代理的过渡方法,提出并实现了1种基于SOCKS代理的流媒体代理服务器的设计方案,测试结果表明该代理服务器能够有效的实现IPv4/IPv6之间流媒体应用的互相访问。     

Luminescence dating of Holocene sediment cores from a wave-dominated and mountainous river delta in central Vietnam

Sediments of river deltas provide valuable records of past coastal environments. Optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating has become an alternative to radiocarbon dating for constraining the sediment chronology in large deltas that allow for sufficient sunlight bleaching of sediments during the fluvial transport. However, its applicability to smaller deltas with mountainous riverine systems has not been confirmed yet. To check this, we examine multiple signals from two Holocene sediment cores in the wave-dominated Thu Bon River delta in central Vietnam. Two cores were collected, respectively, 3.9 km and 1.2 km inland from the present shoreline and both show a >-25-m thick succession of coarsening-upward mud to sand deposits. Coarse grains (180–250 μm in diameter) of quartz and K-feldspar, and fine grains (4–11 μm in diameter) of quartz and polymineral were extracted from the upper and lower parts of the cores for multi-grain measurements of quartz OSL, and of feldspar infrared-stimulated luminescence (IRSL) at 50 °C (IR₅₀) and post-IR IRSL at 175 °C (pIRIR₁₇₅) to determine burial ages. In addition, facies analysis and radiocarbon dating were conducted. The landward core consists of transgressive to early regressive estuarine and prodelta facies, which is overlain by a sandy beach-shoreface facies. The seaward core consists of a relatively simple shallowing-upward succession from muddy prodelta facies to sandy beach-shoreface facies. All luminescence ages except for pIRIR₁₇₅ of fine grains are mostly consistent with the radiocarbon ages. Instead, pIRIR₁₇₅ ages of fine grains are significantly overestimated with variable offsets. OSL and IR₅₀ of fine grains provide reasonable age estimates, as these grains were likely well bleached during the transport even along a short and steep mountainous river. Consistent age estimates of all signals from sand indicate that sand was well-bleached in the beach and shoreface owing to the frequent sediment reworking by waves and currents. These results support the hypothesis that luminescence dating is applicable to Holocene wave-dominated deltas and reiterate that comparing different luminescence signals is an effective way to check reliability of the age estimates in environments where the sunlight bleaching is not ensured.     

Exploring aberrant bivalve shell ultrastructure and geochemistry as proxies for past sea water acidification

Throughout much of Earth's history, marine carbonates have represented one of the most important geological archives of environmental change. Several pivotal events during the Phanerozoic, such as mass extinctions or hyperthermal events have recently been associated with ocean acidification. Nevertheless, well‐defined geological proxies for past ocean acidification events are, at best, scarce. Here, experimental work explores the response of bivalve shell ultrastructure and isotope geochemistry (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O and δ²⁶Mg) to stressful environments, in particular to sea water acidification. In this study, the common blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, was cultured (from early juvenile stages to one year of age) at four pH regimes (pH_NBS 7·2 to pH 8·0). Shell growth rate and ultrastructure of mainly the calcitic portion of the shells were compared between experimental treatments. Specimens exposed to low‐pH environments show patches of disordered calcitic fibre orientation in otherwise well‐structured shells. Furthermore, the electron backscattered diffraction analyses reveal that, under acidified conditions, the c‐axis of the calcite prisms exhibits a bimodal or multi‐modal distribution pattern. Similar shell disorder patterns have been reported from mytilids kept under naturally acidified sea water conditions. In contrast, this study found no evidence that different pH regimes affect shell carbon, oxygen or magnesium isotope ratios. Based on these observations, it is proposed that: (i) stressful environments, in this case low sea water pH, predictably affect bivalve biomineralization patterns; and (ii) these findings bear potential as a novel (petrographic) proxy for ancient sea water acidification. An assessment of the applicability of these data to well‐preserved fossil shell material from selected time intervals requires additional work.