Trend analysis of water discharge and sediment load during the past three decades of development in the Langat basin,Malaysia

Abstract

In this study, the trends of water discharge and sediment load from three hydrometric stations over the past 25 years of development in the state of Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia, were analysed using the Mann-Kendall and Pettitt tests. Landscape metrics for establishing the relationship between land-use changes and trends of hydrological time series were calculated. The hydrological trends were also studied in terms of rainfall variations and manmade features. The results indicate upward trends in water discharge in the Hulu Langat sub-basin and in sediment load in the Semenyih sub-basin. These increasing trends were mainly caused by rapid changes in land use. Upward trends of hydrological series in the Hulu Langat sub-basin matched its rainfall pattern. In the Lui sub-basin, however, trends of hydrological series, and variations in rainfall and land use were not statistically significant.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor K. Hamed

Citation Memarian, H., Balasundram, S.K., Talib, J.B., Sood, A.M., and Abbaspour, K.C., 2012. Trend analysis of water discharge and sediment load during the past three decades of development in the Langat basin, Malaysia. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (6), 1207–1222.     

南沙群岛西南部陆架区底层鱼类营养结构研究

为了解南沙群岛西南部陆架区底层鱼类食物网的营养结构特征,于2013年9月利用稳定同位素方法分析了24种底层鱼类的碳和氮稳定同位素比值(δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值),并计算了基于δ~(13)C—δ~(15)N量化的6个营养结构的群落范围指标。结果显示:南沙群岛西南部陆架区底层鱼类的δ~(13)C值在–20.4‰—–17.0‰之间,均值为(–19.1±0.8)‰;δ~(15)N值的范围为7.9‰—12.2‰,均值为(9.7±1.0)‰。鱼类的营养位置在3.06—4.33之间,平均值为3.58±0.29,表明均以肉食性为主。根据群落范围指标结果分析,鱼类群落的δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值范围(CR和NR)分别为3.4和4.3,表明南沙群岛西南陆架区底层鱼类的初始食源较为单一,营养层次较少;总面积(TA)和到重心的平均距离(CD)分别为5.8和1.0,意味着鱼类食物网营养级多样性的总程度和平均程度均较低;平均最近相邻距离(NND)及最近相邻距离的标准偏差(SDNND)分别为0.37和0.43,说明研究海域底层鱼类食物网的营养冗余程度较高,不同种类之间的营养生态位幅宽较小,重叠程度较高。此外,浅海长尾鲨(Alopias pelagicus)和狐形长尾鲨(Alopias vulpinus)在南沙群岛西南部陆架区底层鱼类群落的营养结构中起着重要作用。因此在对该海域渔业资源进行开发利用时,应禁止捕捞这些种类,而对一些冗余种类,如多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)、条尾鲱鲤(Upeneus bensasi)和带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)等,可以适度捕捞,以维持底层鱼类群落营养结构的完整性,在渔业资源合理开发、持续利用的同时,有效地保护海洋生态系统的安全发展。     

Assessing the effects of land use spatial structure on urban heat islands using HJ-1B remote sensing imagery in Wuhan,China

Urban heat islands (UHIs) have attracted attention around the world because they profoundly affect biological diversity and human life. Assessing the effects of the spatial structure of land use on UHIs is essential to better understanding and improving the ecological consequences of urbanization. This paper presents the radius fractal dimension to quantify the spatial variation of different land use types around the hot centers. By integrating remote sensing images from the newly launched HJ-1B satellite system, vegetation indexes, landscape metrics and fractal dimension, the effects of land use patterns on the urban thermal environment in Wuhan were comprehensively explored. The vegetation indexes and landscape metrics of the HJ-1B and other remote sensing satellites were compared and analyzed to validate the performance of the HJ-1B. The results have showed that land surface temperature (LST) is negatively related to only positive normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) but to Fv across the entire range of values, which indicates that fractional vegetation (Fv) is an appropriate predictor of LST more than NDVI in forest areas. Furthermore, the mean LST is highly correlated with four class-based metrics and three landscape-based metrics, which suggests that the landscape composition and the spatial configuration both influence UHIs. All of them demonstrate that the HJ-1B satellite has a comparable capacity for UHI studies as other commonly used remote sensing satellites. The results of the fractal analysis show that the density of built-up areas sharply decreases from the hot centers to the edges of these areas, while the densities of water, forest and cropland increase. These relationships reveal that water, like forest and cropland, has a significant effect in mitigating UHIs in Wuhan due to its large spatial extent and homogeneous spatial distribution. These findings not only confirm the applicability and effectiveness of the HJ-1B satellite system for studying UHIs but also reveal the impacts of the spatial structure of land use on UHIs, which is helpful for improving the planning and management of the urban environment.     

基于DBI和稀疏轨迹数据的交通状态精细划分与识别

浮动车轨迹数据已逐渐成为城市交通状态识别的主要数据源之一,但是现有基于浮动车轨迹数据的交通状态识别中多数是应用高精度或是多源轨迹数据。针对稀疏轨迹数据在城市交通状态识别中存在识别精度不高的问题,本文提出一种结合戴维森堡丁指数（DBI）和轨迹相似性度量的动态交通状态划分方法。首先,对轨迹数据和路网数据进行预处理并且建立不同时间片的路段轨迹集合;接着,依据轨迹速度-空间相似性,利用戴维森堡丁指数动态地扩展轨迹的空间维度,并根据轨迹相似性度量方法构建最佳车辆队列;然后,将前后不同的车辆队列进行二次处理,连接组成交通流簇;最后,基于模糊C均值聚类方法将交通流进行划分,实现路段交通状态的识别。采用厦门市厦禾路、湖滨西路和湖滨南路交叉路段上的真实出租车轨迹数据进行测试,结果表明,本文所提方法保证了车辆队列速度分布与原始轨迹速度分布基本一致,相比对比方法Kmeans++和ST-DBSCAN,本文方法均方根误差平均下降了18.77%和21.22%,并且在不同的实验路段表现更加稳定,可有效、可靠地运用稀疏轨迹数据识别城市交通状态,进而实现城市交通状态的精细分析。