基于主元分析技术的海底沉积物声速预报方程

通过应用主元分析技术建立预报海底沉积物声速的经验方程,将前人研究报道的经验方程进行分析研究,指出其计算误差,运用南海南部大陆架和大陆坡数据,建立了主元回归计算模型。从理论上研究了如何在众多影响声速的物理参数中,排除相互关联的参数,优选出相互独立的、且对声速有显著影响的少数几个物理参数,用优选后的物理参数建立了南海南部海域大陆架及大陆坡沉积物的3参数（孔隙度n、颗粒中值粒径Ma、塑限W,）声速预报方程：Cp=1774-5．0944n＋12．499Md＋0．9985Wp,该方程的相对预报误差仅为-4．48％-3．77％。     

用力学原理进行工测三维测边网平差和精度评定

随着电磁波测距仪的普及使用和测距精度的提高,三维测边网在工程测量中会逐渐地得到应用。但对这种网的平差及精度评定等问题,目前研究得还很不够。本文根据结构力学最小势能原理和虚功原理,采用另外一种简便的平差手段——力学平差法来讨论以上问题,并编制了BASIC语言程序。通过算例验证了这种平差方法的优点和有效性。     

A conservative, unconditionally stable, second-order three-point differencing scheme for the diffusion–convection equation

A three-point differencing scheme for the diffusion–convection equation is presented that offers all the advantages of both the central and the one-sided ('upwind') differencing scheme without suffering from their drawbacks. Specifically, the scheme is conservative, unconditionally stable, and second-order-accurate in space. It is free of oscillations and over- or undershoots, simple to code, and requires essentially no more computing time than the one-sided scheme. Although known for a relatively long time in numerical mathematics, the scheme apparently has not received sufficient attention from modellers of hydrothermal systems or contaminant transport in the geosciences. In order to fill this gap a comparison is made between this scheme and the widely used one-sided scheme for the transient diffusion–convection equation in different time discretizations. The results are discussed taking into account other approaches towards minimizing numerical diffusion.     

我国城市群区空间规划的新认识

在全球经济一体化的新形势下,我国许多省市正在编制城市群规划,出现了城市化高度发展的新局面。然而城市群区的空间规划需要认知的问题不少。文章就有关城市群规划的导向性原则、地理空间尺度的界定、各种要素的配置与组合及其城市群内的完善化的动力源等问题进行初步的探索,以期引起对此问题的深入的学术讨论。     

低覆盖度治沙理论的核心水文原理概述

土壤水分的渗漏过程是陆地生态水文的3个最核心过程之一,降水向土壤深层渗漏或者补给地下水,关系到干旱沙区水平衡维持和植被稳定持续发育.多年的治沙实践和研究结果表明:(1)天然分布稳定的沙生植被,覆盖度一般低于30％,降水均能够渗漏到土壤深层或者补给地下水;(2)人工营造的固沙林,当林分的覆盖度大于40％后,林下土壤含水率...     

On chaos control of nonlinear fractional chaotic systems via a neural collocation optimization scheme and some applications

In this paper, we study chaos control of a class of fractional-order chaotic systems where the dynamic control system depends on the Caputo fractional derivatives. We first propose an infinite horizon optimal control problem related to the given fractional chaotic system. With the help of an approximation, we replace the Caputo derivative to integer order derivative. We then convert the obtained infinite horizon optimal control problem into an equivalent finite horizon one. Based on the Pontryagin minimum principle (PMP) for optimal control problems and by constructing an error function, we define an unconstrained minimization problem. In the optimization problem, we use trial solutions for state, costate and control functions where these trial solutions are constructed by using a two-layered perceptron neural network. A learning procedure of the proposed neural network with convergence properties are also given. Some numerical results are introduced to explain our main results. Three applicable examples on chaos control of Malkus waterwheel, finance fractional chaotic models and fractional-order Geomagnetic Field models are finally considered.     

Types and Distribution of Geological Hazards in the South China Sea

Various types of geological hazards exist in the South China Sea. In dynamics sense, they can be categorized into 5 principal genetic types related to effects of hydraulic dynamics, gaseous activity, soil mechanics, gravity and tectonism, respectively. Integrated analyses indicate that the geological hazards associated with volcanoes, earthquakes and fractures are mainly distributed in tectonically active regions, whereas those resulting from mudflows, landslides and diapirs are usually concentrated in the region of slope, that shallow gas, high pressure gas pockets and soft intercalations are major potential geological hazards in the inner shelf, and that strong hydraulic dynamics, especially storm tide, is one of the major causes of geological hazards in the littoral areas. The geological hazards that occurred in the South China Sea are also characterized by periodicity, succession and, to a certain extent, unpredictability in addition to regionalization.     

基于主成分分析法的土地利用/覆被变化驱动力研究

分析1990-2007年山东省胶南市土地利用/覆被变化情况,为进一步确定土地利用/覆被变化的驱动因子,选取GDP、农业人口比重和固定资产投资等33个社会经济指标,借助SPSS进行相关分析和主成分分析,将胶南市的土地利用/覆被变化驱动因子概括为人口和经济发展、城镇化水平、产业结构优化、农业生产条件4个主要驱动因子,为政府制定土地利用规划和土地保护政策、优化土地利用结构提供借鉴.     

Simplified Method and Improved Solution for Deriving Fifth Order Stokes Wave

As the solution of the two equations for determining the existing fifth order Stokes wave de-rived by Skjelbreia is complex and tedious,the two equations are simplified into one equation for deter-mining d/L,i.e.,f(H,T,d/L)=0.According to this simplified method,three cases of the solution forthe Skjelbreia equations have been found:one accurate solution;more than one accurate solution and noaccurate solution(but there exists the optimum approximate solution in the area of satisfying Skjelbreiaequations).As to the case of more than one accurate solution,the reasonable solution can be judged fromthe method of variational principle,by means of which an optimum solution improved from the solutionof Skjelbreia equations in the area of satisfying the original mathematical equations of non-vortex andnonlinear wave theory,i.e.,the optimum fifth order Stokes wave,is given.