典型隧道断面形态对拟建滇西大理至瑞丽铁路高黎贡山隧道稳定性影响的数值模拟分析

拟建的大理—瑞丽铁路穿越横断山区南段的滇西南地区,地形、地貌和地质条件都极为复杂,其中高黎贡山深埋超长隧道的工程稳定性问题一直是困扰铁路选线、设计和施工的重大工程难点。针对不同形态隧道断面可能对高黎贡山超长隧道工程稳定性产生的影响问题,在充分综合该区野外地质调查、地应力测量、岩石力学实验等成果与资料的基础上,利用ANSYS有限元应力分析软件对不同形态隧道断面的应力分布进行了有限元计算,给出了应力分布图像,分析了断面应力分布的特点和断面形状对应力分布的影响。同时,计算了围岩的应力与强度比,对2种不同断面的围岩稳定性进行了分析对比,最后根据分析结果对不同隧道断面形态下的隧道稳定性进行了综合评价,并据此提出了铁路隧道断面设计与施工中应重点关注的问题。     

砂与粘土接触界面的力学特性试验

利用DSJ-2型电动四联等应变直剪仪分别进行了不同粒径砂和粘土(方案1)、不同含水量砂和粘土(方案2)的直剪试验,揭示了其接触面的力学特性。试验结果表明:法向应力(σ_n)、砂粒径大小、砂含水量对接触面的力学特性有着重要的影响。方案1和方案2接触面的抗剪强度和达到剪切应力峰值时的剪切位移随着法向应力的增大而增大,当σ_n为100 kPa时,粘土和不同粒径砂的接触面剪切应力和水平剪切位移(τ-δ)关系曲线呈现应变软化现象;方案1接触面抗剪强度随砂粒径的减小而降低,方案2在σ_n为100 kPa时,接触面抗剪强度随砂含水量增加而降低,σ_n>100 kPa时,接触面抗剪强度随砂含水量增加先降低后变大;方案2在低法向应力下,接触面抗剪强度对应的含水量敏感区间为[10%,15%],且较明显。     

洛坝铅锌矿床的构造演化分析

洛坝铅锌矿床位于黄诸关韧脆性变形带所波及的范围内,断裂、褶皱、劈理、节理等形态构造类型均很发育,经对小型构造的统计及应力场分析证明,矿区变形主要是在海西—印支期长期存在的南北向古应力场持续作用下形成的。     

推覆构造滑脱层有限变形力学分析

本文根据推覆构造滑脱层的变形特点,运用以S—R分解定理为基础的有限变形力学理论,研究了断坪与断坡滑脱层的变形场特征。用全量及增量方法逆解求出了变形滑脱层所受的边界外力;利用变形场与应力场的分析结果,给出了推覆构造在拆离时推覆席体的推移距离及作用推力的简捷计算公式。     

板内地震的成因及全球地震活动的分布特征——内波假说对地震活动的解释

按内波假说的观点，讨论了典型板内地震即中国大陆地震的成因机制，认为造成地壳厚度分化的内波运动依靠地壳厚度差异中蕴藏的重力位能，推动地壳物质运动形成各种类型的板内地震。研究了全球地震活动的纬度分布特点以及地震活动与潮汐作用及大陆分布的联系，指出：外动力地质作用强烈的大陆因剥蚀、搬运和沉积以及负载重分布，使大陆地区始终达不到重力均衡，成为地壳运动的活动区，因而陆壳“地震能量发射强度”曲线具有类似于潮汐剪应力纬度分布的两极衰减、南北对称的特性。文中还探讨了深震及和达—贝尼奥夫带的成因，克服了用俯冲板块解释这一现象的困难。     

Fault type analysis along the San Andreas Fault zone: A numerical approach

Finite Element (FE) modeling under plane stress condition is used to analyze the fault type variation with depth along and around the San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. In this simulation elastic rheology was used and was thought justifiable as the variation in depth from 0.5 km to 20 km was considered. Series of calculations were performed with the variation in domain properties. Three types of models were created based on simple geological map of California, namely, 1) single domain model considering whole California as one homogeneous domain, 2) three domains model including the North American plate, Pacific plate, and SAF zone as separate domains, and 3) Four domains model including the three above plus the Garlock Fault zone. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee's law were used for the calculation of failure state. All the models were driven by displacement boundary condition imposing the fixed North American plate and Pacific plate motion along N34°W vector up to the northern terminus of SAF and N50°E vector motion for the subducting the Gorda and Juan de Fuca plates. Our simulated results revealed that as the depth increased, the fault types were generally normal, and at shallow depth greater strike slip and some thrust faults were formed. It is concluded that SAF may be terminated as normal fault at depth although the surface expression is clearly strike slip.     

滇西北地区近年来应力场的数值模拟研究

建立滇西北地区三维有限元地质模型,将2009~2016年GPS速度场数据作为数值模拟的位移边界条件,模拟获取该地区的构造应力场。结果表明,在楚雄至滇西北地区整体显示张性应力区;出现由“洱源鹤庆断裂-红河断裂-程海断裂”圈起的低值张性区,区域内部张性应力明显低于外部,这种张应力低值区尤其在区域四周断裂边界处,往往是地壳断裂活动的频发区;曲江断裂北端及元谋-绿汁江断裂南端出现张性应力集中区,是今后重点关注的断裂结点。     

用GPS资料分析陇县-宝鸡断裂带构造应力场特征

借助GPS数据作为边界条件,运用有限元对陇县-宝鸡断裂带及其邻区进行位移场与应力场数值模拟,分析该地区现今地壳活动与构造应力场的分布特征.结果 表明:1)陇县-宝鸡断裂带与岐山-马昭断裂南端渭河盆地的张应力较弱;2)鄂尔多斯地块西南缘与陇县-宝鸡断裂带接壤的SE向条带的节点应力性质、方向与陇县-宝鸡断裂带一致,显示出平...     

日本至中国东北区域构造应力场分布与Benioff带的形态关系研究

收集2 291个来源于NIED F-net宽频带地震台网中心Mw≥3.0地震的震源机制解,采用MSATSI构造应力反演方法,得到反映应力相对大小的R值的量θ和3个主应力轴的方位角与倾伏角,同时反演出每个网格的极射赤平投影P、T轴.以3D应力反演为导向,采用矩阵网格分区的方法,以纬度、经度、深度为坐标,将发生在每一区域的...     

Energy partitioning over a semi‐arid shrubland in northern China

During the last decade, the widely distributed shrublands in northern China have shown significant signs of recovery from desertification, the result of widespread conservation practices. However, to support the current efforts in conservation, more knowledge is needed on surface energy partitioning and its biophysical controls. Using eddy‐covariance measurements made over a semi‐arid shrubland in northwest China in 2012, we examined how surface energy‐balance components vary on diurnal and seasonal scales, and how biophysical factors control bulk surface parameters and energy exchange. Sensible heat flux (H) exceeded latent heat flux (λE) during most of the year, resulting in an annual Bowen ratio (β, i.e. H/λE) of 2.0. λE exceeded H only in mid‐summer when frequent rainfall co‐occurred with the seasonal peak in leaf area index (LAI). Evapotranspiration reached a daily maximum of 3.3 mm day^?1, and summed to 283 mm yr^?1. The evaporative fraction (EF, i.e. λE/R_n), Priestley–Taylor coefficient (α), surface conductance (g_s) and decoupling coefficient (Ω) were all positively correlated with soil water content (SWC) and LAI. The direct enhancement of λE by high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was buffered by a concurrent suppression of g_s. The g_s played a direct role in controlling EF and α by mediating the effects of LAI, SWC and VPD. Our results highlight the importance of adaptive plant responses to water scarcity in regulating ecosystem energy partitioning, and suggest an important role for revegetation in the reversal of desertification in semi‐arid areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.