Dynamic Behaviour of a Caisson Quaywall Under Strong Earthquake

—Effective stress analysis is performed to evaluate the residual displacement of a caissonquaywall during 1994 Hokkaido-Toho-Oki Earthquake and 1993 Kushiro-Oki Earthquake.Theconstitutive model used in this study is a multiple shear mechanism type defined in strain space and cantake into account the effect of rotation of principal stress axis.The earthquake accelerations recorded atthe outcropping rock during the earthquake are used as input bedrock motion.The results of finite ele-ment analysis are in good agreement with the observed behaviour of the quaywall.The analysis also indi-cates that liquefaction and high excess pore water pressure have a significant effect on the deformation ofthe caisson.Soil improvement is speculated as the most reliable measures against liquefaction.The influ-ence of soil improvement and the reasonable improved area are discussed in the paper.     

A multiscale finite element formulation for axisymmetric elastoplasticity with volumetric locking

Similar to plane strain, axisymmetric stress problem is also highly kinematics constrained. Standard displacement‐based finite element exhibits volumetric locking issue in simulating nearly/fully incompressible material or isochoric plasticity under axisymmetric loading conditions, which severely underestimates the deformation and overestimates the bearing capacity for structural/geotechnical engineering problems. The aim of this paper is to apply variational multiscale method to produce a stabilized mixed displacement–pressure formulation, which can effectively alleviate the volumetric locking issue for axisymmetric stress problem. Both nearly incompressible elasticity and isochoric J₂ elastoplasticity are investigated. First‐order 3‐node triangular and 4‐node quadrilateral elements are tested for locking issues. Several representative simulations are provided to demonstrate the performance of the linear elements, which include the convergence study and comparison with closed‐form solutions. A comparative study with pressure Laplacian stabilized formulation is also presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水平层状岩体边坡动力响应中的结构面效应研究

根据应力波传播原理分析了水平层状岩体边坡中应力波传播特征,建立了应力波在该类边坡中传播的模型.利用离散元软件UDEC分析了不同频率垂向压缩应力波作用下边坡动力响应规律中的结构面效应.结果表明:边坡中的水平层面对坡顶的动力响应有明显影响.低频应力波作用下,水平层状岩体边坡坡顶的垂向峰值速度较均质坡体相同部位的峰值速度的增...     

大理岩破坏的声发射双主频特征及其机制初探

因试样制备、试验操作等限制,获得饱和岩石的直接拉伸强度较为困难。为对饱和硬岩的直接拉伸强度进行合理估算并验证其可靠性,同时分析水对估算误差的影响,设计完成了干燥、饱和状态下两种硬岩的单轴压缩和直接拉伸声发射试验。基于Griffith理论和Hoek-Brown(H-B)强度准则,通过裂纹体积应变法确定岩石起裂应力,估算饱和硬岩的直接拉伸强度和H-B强度参数m_i。结合声发射波形信号频谱特性,分析两者估算结果的准确性。结果表明,基于Griffith准则并采用起裂应力估算饱和硬岩的直接拉伸强度是一种较可靠的方法。对于干燥硬岩,该方法确定的直接拉伸强度估算值比试验值偏小。饱和硬岩直接拉伸强度估算值与试验值基本接近,这是因为硬岩饱和后,延性和蠕变趋向增强,并发生更多的微观拉破裂。饱和硬岩的m_i值增大与增多的微观拉破裂有关,m_i值变化可用于描述饱和硬岩的软化程度。基于Griffith准则并采用起裂应力估算的岩石直接拉伸强度和H-B强度参数m_i可用于岩体工程的早期设计。     

Neotectonics of the Kharaulakh sector of the Laptev Shelf

Seismotectonic deformation and crustal stress pattern have been studied comprehensively in major seismogenic structures of the Kharaulakh sector of the Verkhoyansk fold system and adjacent parts of the Chersky seismotectonic zone. The study focuses on neotectonic structures, deep structure, and systems of active faults, as well as tectonic stress fields inferred by tectonophysical analysis of Late Cenozoic faults and folds. The results, along with geological and geophysical data, reveal main strain directions and structural patterns of crustal stress and strain in the Arctic segment of the Eurasia-North America plate boundary. The area is a junction of mid-ocean and continental structures evolving in a mixed setting of extension, compression, and their various combinations. The rotation pole of the two plates is presumably located near Buor-Khaya Bay. In this case, extension is expected to act currently upon the neotectonic structures north of the bay and compression to control those in the south and southeast. This inference is consistent with the identified zoning of stress and strain in the Kharaulakh sector.     

Oxygen radical formation in anoxic transgression and anoxia-reoxygenation: Foe or phantom? Experiments with a hypoxia tolerant bivalve

Intertidal blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, experience hypoxia reoxygenation during tidal emersion and resubmersion cycles, and this is often suggested to represent a major stress for the animals, especially for their respiratory tissues, the gills. We exposed mussels to experimental short and prolonged anoxia and subsequent reoxygenation and analyzed the respiratory response in excised gill tissue and the effects of treatment on reactive oxygen species (mainly ROS: superoxide anion, O₂^·− and hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂), formation using live imaging techniques and confocal microscopy. Our aim was to understand if this “natural stress” would indeed produce oxidative damage and whether antioxidant defenses are induced under anoxia, to prevent oxidative damage during reoxygenation. Exposure to declining pO₂ in the respiration chamber caused an increase of gill metabolic rate between 21 and 10 kPa, a pO₂ range in which whole animal respiration is reported to be oxyregulating. Exposure of the animals to severe anoxia caused an onset of anaerobiosis (succinate accumulation) and shifted high and low critical p_c values (p_c1: onset of oxyregulation in gills, p_c2: switch from oxyregulation to oxyconformity) to higher pO₂. Concentrations of both ROS decreased strongly during anoxic exposure of the mussels and increased upon reoxygenation. This ROS burst induced lipid peroxidation in the mantle, but neither were protein carbonyl levels increased (oxidative damage in the protein fraction), nor did the tissue glutathione concentration change in the gills. Further, analysis of apoptosis markers indicated no induction of cell death in the gills. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that directly measures ROS formation during anoxia reoxygenation in mussels. We conclude that hypoxia tolerant intertidal mussels do not suffer major oxidative stress in gill and mantle tissues under these experimental conditions.     

基于PCA法的春、夏季东山湾海域富营养化特征

根据2011年5月和8月东山湾及邻近海域的调查结果,选择10个与富营养化有关的参数,包括溶解无机氮(DIN)、溶解硅酸盐(DSi)、活性磷酸盐(SRP)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学耗氧量(COD)、溶解有机碳(DOC)、总有机碳(TOC)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)和浮游植物丰富度(d)等,应用主成分分析(PCA)法对该海域富营养化特征进行研究。主成分分析表明,主成分1(PC1)表征了有机污染、浮游植物和总磷状况;主成分2(PC2)反映了硅和氮营养水平,主成分3(PC3)体现了SRP的特点。春、夏季PC1、PC2、PC3和综合主成分(CPC)的空间分布表明漳江口和八尺门养殖区邻近海域富营养化风险较高;各主成分与盐度的相关分析表明东山湾内富营养化压力主要来自漳江,夏季有所增强;有机污染物和浮游植物可能是控制东山湾海域春、夏季富营养空间分布的主要驱动因素。     

Study on the negative bias temperature instability effect under dynamic stress

This paper studies negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) under alternant and alternating current (AC) stress. Under alternant stress, the degradation smaller than that of single negative stress is obtained. The smaller degradation is resulted from the recovery of positive stress. There are two reasons for the recovery. One is the passivation of H dangling bonds, and another is the detrapping of charges trapped in the oxide. Under different frequencies of AC stress, the parameters all show regular degradation, and also smaller than that of the direct current stress. The higher the frequency is, the smaller the degradation becomes. As the negative stress time is too small under higher frequency, the deeper defects are hard to be filled in. Therefore, the detrapping of oxide charges is easy to occur under positive bias and the degradation is smaller with higher frequency.     

氨氮胁迫对刺参几种免疫酶活性的影响

以养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象,对不同浓度的氨氮处理及病菌感染条件下刺参体腔液免疫酶的变化进行了测定.结果表明:随着氨氮处理强度的增加,刺参体腔液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)及溶菌酶(LSZ)活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,而同时感染病菌的情况下,较低质量浓度的氨氮胁迫可使SOD、GPx、ALP及LSZ活性上升,但在较高浓度氨氮处理时,酶活性的诱导则受到抑制.说明适宜浓度的氨氮处理可增强刺参的免疫力,从而减轻病菌感染对刺参造成的免疫功能损伤和提高刺参抗病力.刺参在感染病原菌假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalte-romonas sp)的条件下,3 mg/L、4 mg/L和6 mg/L浓度的氨氮处理第6天,刺参的累积发病死亡率分别为44.4％、55.6％和72.2％,高于对照组,表明较高浓度的氨氮胁迫能够显著降低刺参的免疫力,增加对病原菌的易感性.因此,在刺参养殖过程中,氨氮浓度的调控具有重要的意义.     

横向分布载荷作用下简支舟桥甲板的弯曲特性

采用轻质高强铝合金材料设计舟桥的甲板时,其强度计算是初始设计者最为关心的问题之一.本次研究的舟桥甲板采用三层夹心板的结构形式,其横向分布载荷下的挠度和应力的求解问题与一般的单层板不同,虽然可以用有限元法对此进行结构计算,但在初始设计阶段使用该法的计算量大,不方便应用.本文旨在寻求在横向分布载荷作用下,简支条件时,夹心甲板的挠度和应力的解析解,并与有限元计算相比较,为舟桥甲板初始设计提供良好的基础理论.