安徽庐枞盆地泥河玢岩型铁矿床地质-原生晕地球化学找矿模型

开展长江中下游地区玢岩型铁矿床轴向原生晕地球化学分析及建模,可弥补地球物理勘探结果的多解性及探测精度的局限性,对定位和评价深部盲矿体具有至关重要的作用。文章在以往研究的基础上,开展庐枞盆地泥河玢岩型铁矿床钻孔原生晕的研究工作,采用多元统计分析方法,查明了主要成矿指示元素在不同地质体中的富集和亏损,确定了磁铁矿、硫铁矿和硬石膏矿体的矿中、近矿及远矿指示元素组合,结合矿床成因模型,建立了泥河玢岩型铁矿床地质-原生晕地球化学找矿模型,通过罗河和小包庄玢岩型铁矿床的佐证,认为该模型可以应用于长江中下游成矿带玢岩型铁矿床的勘探工作中。     

安徽太平湖水库初级生产力时空分布及分析

安徽太平湖是2014年国家列入的重点保护湖泊之一,鉴于其生物本底资料的缺乏,于2012年11月至2014年10月,从上游至下游选取H1、H2、H3、H4、H5共5个样点,采用黑白瓶法对太平湖的初级生产力进行为期2年的调查研究.结果显示,太平湖水柱毛初级生产力、水柱净初级生产力和水柱呼吸量的平均值分别为4.54±6.72、-1.82±7.77和6.50±7.62 g/(m2·d).时间分布上,水柱毛初级生产力出现3个峰值,分别在2012年11月、2013年5月和2014年7月,呼吸量在2013年7月份出现远高于其他月份的峰值,达到了16.04 g/(m2·d),水柱毛初级生产力季节变化表现为夏季秋季春季冬季.太平湖初级生产力存在显著的空间差异,水平分布上毛初级生产力与呼吸量的水平分布相似,湖心H3样点最小,下游的H4、H5样点较高;垂直分布显示,毛初级生产力主要贡献在表层和1SD层,并沿水深逐渐降低,呼吸量的垂直分布与毛初级生产力不同,最高值出现在1SD和2SD层,各层净初级生产力的值均较小,无明显峰值或谷值.研究表明,太平湖水库水柱的P/R系数小于1,但最高生产力层(表层)的P/R系数大于1.相关分析显示水柱毛初级生产力与温度和湖深呈显著正相关,与其它环境因子相关性不明显.     

Using triple oxygen isotopes and oxygen-argon ratio to quantify ecosystem production in the mixed layer of northern South China Sea slope region

Quantifying the gross and net production is an essential component of carbon cycling and marine ecosystem studies.Triple oxygen isotope measurements and the O_2/Ar ratio are powerful indices in quantifying the gross primary production and net community production of the mixed layer zone,respectively.Although there is a substantial advantage in refining the gas exchange term and water column vertical mixing calibration,application of mixed layer depth history to the gas exchange term and its contribution to reducing indices error are unclear.Therefore,two cruises were conducted in the slope regions of the northern South China Sea in October 2014(autumn) and June 2015(spring).Discrete water samples at Station L07 in the upper 150 m depth were collected for the determination of δ~(17)0,δ~(18)O,and the O_2/Ar ratio of dissolved gases.Gross oxygen production(GOP) was estimated using the triple oxygen isotopes of the dissolved O_2,and net oxygen production(NOP) was calculated using O_2/Ar ratio and O_2 concentration.The vertical mixing effect in NOP was calibrated via a N_2O based approach.GOP for autumn and spring was(169±23) mmol/(m~2·d)(by O_2) and(189±26) mmol/(m~2·d)(by O_2),respectively.While NOP was 1.5 mmol/(m~2·d)(by O_2) in autumn and 8.2 mmol/(m~2·d)(by O_2) in spring.Application of mixed layer depth history in the gas flux parametrization reduced up to 9.5% error in the GOP and NOP estimations.A comparison with an independent O_2 budget calculation in the diel observation indicated a26% overestimation in the current GOP,likely due to the vertical mixing effect.Both GOP and NOP in June were higher than those in October.Potential explanations for this include the occurrence of an eddy process in June,which may have exerted a submesoscale upwelling at the sampling station,and also the markedly higher terrestrial impact in June.     

Nutrients,light and phytoplankton production in the shallow,tropical coastal waters of Bandon Bay,Southern Thailand

Phytoplankton primary production and its regulation by light and nutrient availability were investigated in the shallow, tropical coastal waters of Bandon Bay, Southern Thailand. The bay was meso‐eutrophicated and highly turbid, receiving river water discharge. Water column stratification was consistently weak during both rainy and dry seasons. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was higher off the river mouth than in the other regions, suggesting that river water discharge was a main source of DIN. By contrast, dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) showed a significant negative correlation with total water depth, implying that regeneration around the sea floor was an important source of DIP. Surface DIN and DIP showed positive correlations with surface primary production (PP) and water column primary productivity (ΣPP*), respectively. The combined correlation and model analyses indicate that total water depth had an ambivalent influence on water column primary production (ΣPP); shallower water depth induced more active regeneration of nutrients, but it also caused higher turbidity and lower light availability as a result of enhanced resuspension of sediments. Furthermore, there was a vertical constraint for phytoplankton during the rainy season: total water depth tended to be shallower than euphotic zone depth. In conclusion, light limitation and vertical constraint owing to shallow water depth appear to be more important than nutrient limitation for water column primary production in Bandon Bay.     

Environmental factors influencing aggregation of manta rays (Manta birostris) off the northeastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula

Manta rays inhabit tropical, subtropical and temperate waters. Aggregation sites of manta rays have been recognized worldwide, but the reasons for this behavior are still poorly understood. This study describes environmental factors influencing aggregation sites of the giant manta ray (Manta birostris) off the northeastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. Observations of manta rays were obtained from scientific surveys conducted during 2006–2011. Environmental data were obtained from satellite imagery. The maximum entropy (Maxent) method for habitat modeling was used to determine the effects of environmental conditions on the species and predict suitable habitat for manta rays in this region. Primary productivity and distance to the coast were the most influential variables, suggesting that aggregation occurs in highly productive coastal waters. The distribution of manta rays predicted by the Maxent model showed that the most suitable habitat within the study area is located off the northeastern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, more precisely, northeast of Isla Holbox and northwest of Isla Contoy. Seasonal patterns of distribution suggest that the most suitable conditions are present from July through September.     

The influence of increased iron concentration on survival and growth of seedlings and young plants of eelgrass Zostera marina

Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants but toxic at high concentrations. We subjected seedlings and young plants of eelgrass Zostera marina to different seawater iron concentrations (500, 600, 700, 800, 1,000 and 1,500 μg/L) for 30 days under controlled laboratory conditions. Natural seawater without added iron (500 μg/L) was used as reference seawater. No sediments were provided to avoid iron scavenging by particle surfaces in the sediment. We measured plant response in terms of survivorship, morphology, growth rate and productivity. Survival analysis combined with morphological, dynamic and productive assessment suggested that the optimum seawater iron concentration for the establishment of Z. marina seedlings and young plants is 700 μg/L. The no observed effect concentration, lowest observed effect concentration, lethal concentration that caused an increase in mortality to 10% of that of the control, and the effect concentration that caused a decrease in growth to 10% of that of the control values of young plants were significantly lower than those of seedlings, implying an increased sensitivity to high Fe concentrations (>1,000 μg/L). This study further develops our understanding of the physiological ecology of the early life stages of Z. marina and provides data that could prove helpful in the development of successful eelgrass restoration and conservation.     

2009年冬季南海北部浮游植物粒度分级生物量和初级生产力

2009年2月在南海北部海域现场观测粒度分级叶绿素a质量浓度和初级生产力(PP)的分布。结果表明,调查海域水柱平均叶绿素a质量浓度的变化范围为0.11～8.37 mg/m³,平均为(1.28±2.23) mg/m³,高值区出现在珠江口及近岸海域;初级生产力的范围为344.8～1 222.5 mgC/(m²·d),平均为(784.2±351.4) mgC/(m²·d),高值区位于近岸及陆架海域。浮游植物粒度分级测定结果表明,在生物量较高的近岸海域,叶绿素a的粒级结构以小型浮游植物占优势,其贡献率为40.9%,微型和微微型浮游植物对总叶绿素a的贡献率分别为34.6%和24.5%;而在生物量较低的陆坡和开阔海域,各粒级浮游植物对叶绿素a的贡献率由大到小依次为微微型浮游植物(78.9%),微型浮游植物(17.2%)和小型浮游植物(3.9%)。相关性分析结果表明,调查海域分级叶绿素a的区域化分布特征与洋流运动下营养盐的分布密切相关,同时叶绿素a又高度影响着此区域PP的分布。此外,我们将调查海域实测所得浮游植物最佳光合作用速率与采用垂向归一化初级生产力模型估算的数据进行对比,发现后者明显低于前者,这说明通过水温估算最佳光合作用速率的算法在冬季南海北部可能存在低估。     

海洋纹层硅藻席古海洋学与生物地球化学研究进展

海洋大型硅藻的勃发及其在海底的纹层硅藻席沉积代表大规模的有机碳和生物硅输出通量,该生物堆积事件或过程对海洋酸化和全球变暖产生负反馈,因而在气候变化中的地位不容小觑。本文在融入作者研究成果的基础上总结了国内外关于海洋纹层硅藻席的研究现状,认为大型硅藻勃发不能直接和上涌活动相关联,在热带海区一般与成层化相关,在亚热带海区总体上与锋面作用相关。大型硅藻勃发时,表层水不一定贫养,也可以是富养的,也不总是需要借助浮力下沉到营养跃层吸收营养物,可直接吸收海洋表层中的营养物(如风尘溶解来源的硅酸)。大型硅藻通过高的初级生产力吸收大气中的CO_2,尔后在海洋深部降解形成的CO_2在海洋成层化条件下以巨大"呼吸CO_2库"得以封存,代表促使冰期大气pCO_2降低的一种重要机制。海洋纹层硅藻席的保存环境由多种因素制约,可以是氧化的也可以是亚氧化的,因而对用纹层沉积物来指示缺氧底层水条件应持谨慎态度。另外,提出了解释大型硅藻勃发和硅藻席形成机制的新模式"风尘触发硅藻席沉积",极大地促进了硅藻席沉积成因谜团的解决。最后,指出了目前海洋纹层硅藻席研究中存在的问题并阐述了未来可以开展的研究方向。     

我国海洋经济劳动生产率区域差异与演变分析

劳动生产率差异是导致区域经济发展差异的重要原因,提高劳动生产率是促进经济增长的有效手段。分析我国海洋经济的劳动生产率的区域差异与演变对发展我国海洋经济具有积极意义。在分析我国海洋经济劳动生产率的特点基础上,文章运用基尼系数和泰尔指数计算我国沿海地区1997—2014年海洋经济劳动生产率区域差异,并进行σ-收敛性检验,结果表明区域差异呈现倒V字形走势,1997—2005年呈现σ-发散,2005—2014年呈现σ-收敛。采用泰尔指数分解方法测度表明,环渤海、长三角、泛珠三角三大经济区海洋经济劳动生产率地区内差异占总体差异的比重达80%以上,而地区间差异比重较小,环渤海经济区地区内差异最大。分阶段对我国各沿海地区海洋经济的劳动生产率进行排名并观察演变过程。提出提高我国海洋经济劳动生产率的相关建议:一是努力提高海洋经济全要素生产率;二是促进海洋产业合理布局,努力提高传统海洋产业劳动生产率;三是统筹区域海洋经济发展。     

近55 a新疆净生态系统生产力对气候变化的响应

新疆地处干旱和半干旱气候区,明确其生态系统的碳汇大小及其对气候变化的响应对研究中国干旱区植被碳汇及其对陆地碳平衡的贡献具有重要意义。基于最新地面气象观测数据,利用大气植被相互作用模型AVIM2（Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model 2）,在0.05°×0.05°经纬度空间网格上估算分析了1961-2015年新疆净生态系统生产力（NEP）的时空分布特征及其对气候变化的响应。研究结果表明：近55 a新疆NEP平均值为14.4 gC·m^-2,没有明显变化趋势。空间上看,约40%地区的NEP呈下降趋势,主要分布在天山两麓的城市人口聚集区;而60%地区NEP呈上升走势,其主要分布在新疆昆仑山脉、天山山区和人烟稀少的荒漠地区。新疆NEP对降水量变化更为敏感,气温的变化对NEP的影响并不显著。虽然新疆平均碳汇随着年降水量的变化而在源与汇之间波动,但是从多年平均来看,新疆仍然为碳汇区。