郯城县河砂资源开发现状及建议

郯城县河砂资源丰富，砂质优良，主要集中分布于沂河和沭河内。目前其用途主要为建筑用砂，开发利用程度较低，并存在资源浪费，乱采滥挖现象，合理开发和有效保护河砂资源是该区的当务之急。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Hillslope Processes. Binghamton Symposia in Geomorphology International Series: 16. Athol D. Abrahams , ed. The Atlas of Central America and the Caribbean. The Diagram Group . The Cultural Atlas of Islam. Isma'il R. al Faruqi and Lois Lamaya'al Faruqi . Atlas of Israel Contemporary Africa: Development, Culture and the State. Morag Bell . Fundamentals of Physical Geography. David Briggs and Peter Smithson . The Bicentennial Census: New Directions for Methodology in 1990. Constance F. Citro and Michael L. Cohen , eds . World Patterns of Modern Urban Change: Essays in Honor of Chauncy D. Harris. Michael P. Conzen , ed . New Directions for Agriculture and Agricultural Research: Neglected Dimensions and Emerging Alternatives. Kenneth A. Dahlberg , ed . Water Resources Atlas of Florida. E.A. Fernald and D.J. Patton , eds . Landscape Ecology. R.T.T. Forman and M. Godron . The Myth of the North American City: Continentalism Challenged. Michael Goldberg and John Mercer . The Permafrost Environment. Stuart A. Harris . Climate and Circulation of the Tropics. Stefan Hastenrath . The Island of South Georgia. Robert Headland . The Making of Urban Europe, 1000-1950. Paul M. Hohenberg and Lynn Hollen Lees . Bombay in Transition: The Growth and Social Ecology of a Colonial City, 1889–1980. Meera Kosambi . Plant Closings; Public or Private Choices? Richard B. McKenzie , ed . Malaysia: Tradition, Modernity and Islam. R.S. Milne and Diane K. Mauzy . Technology on the Frontier: Mining in Old Ontario. Dianne Newell . The Maritime Political Boundaries of the World. J.R.V. Prescott . Tall Office Buildings in the United States. James W. Pygman and Richard Kateley (Real Estate Research Corporation). Technology, Regions, and Policy. John Rees , ed . The United States and the Regional Organization of Asia and the Pacific: 1965-1985. W.W. Rostow . Renewable Energy: Progress, Prospects. Stephen W. Sawyer Wisconsin Foundations. Gwen Schultz . Dwelling, Place and Environment: Towards a Phenomenology of Person and World. David Seamon and Robert Mugerauer , eds . Power and Place: Canadian Urban Development in the North American Context. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise , eds . Small Firms in Regional Economic Development: Britain, Ireland and the United States. D. J. Storey , ed . Mathematical Methods in Human Geography and Planning. A. G. Wilson and R. J. Bennett . El Niño North: Niño Effects on the Eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean. W. S. Wooster and D. L. Fluharty , eds . The Soviet Iron and Steel Industry. Craig ZumBrunnen and Jeffrey Osleeb .     

我国省市级大地水准面精化的现状及技术模式

高精度局部大地水准面将为测绘学、地球物理、地球动力学及海洋学等相关学科的发展和应用提供重要的基础地球空间信息。GPS技术结合高精度大地水准面模型可应用于取代传统的高程测量(如三角高程测量和低等级水准测量)，这是当前精化我国省市级大地水准面在测绘领域的主要目的之一。在总结和分析我国目前省市级大地水准面精化的现状、技术模式及特点的基础上，提出了今后精化我国省市级大地水准面的若干建议。     

煤矿地下水环境影响评价中常见问题的探讨

《环境影响评价技术导则地下水环境》(HJ610-2011)的颁布与实施,对规范煤炭工业建设项目地下水环境影响评价工作,提高地下水环境影响评价的技术水平具有十分重要的意义。然而自导则颁布以来,业内对地下水评价工作的技术难度存在不同的理解,尤其是煤炭行业项目类型较多,对地下水环境的扰动特点及复杂程度不一。从地下水评价的四个方面:分类定级、现状调查评价、影响预测、预防措施逐一进行分析,提出每项工作中常见的问题和难点,并给出相应的理解和建议,期待可以提高地下水评价工作的科学性和合理性。     

吉林省桦甸市人类活动诱发地质灾害现状及防治措施

桦甸市是吉林省重要的矿业、水利、交通发达地区与枢纽之一,长期的人类活动,诱发了山体崩塌、滑坡、地面塌陷等地质灾害。本文在调查编制《桦甸市地质灾害防治"十二五"规划》基础上,针对人类活动诱发地质灾害的现状及防治措施提出粗浅看法。     

广东三个离子吸附型稀土矿的地球化学特征及开采现状

广东稀土资源丰富,资源种类较全,但真正具有工业意义只有离子吸附型稀土矿。已有调查表明广东富有重稀土资源,重稀土资源量约占离子吸附型稀土资源总量的1/3。广东现仅有采矿权企业三家(简称A、B、C矿区),2013年度开采指标REO(稀土氧化物含量)仅为2200吨,但离子型稀土年分离能力超万吨,供需矛盾突出。为了解广东稀土矿开采现状,本文在具备采矿证的A、B和C三个矿区采集风化壳剖面和尾砂样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析稀土元素、微量元素和相关有用元素的含量,获得了一批新数据,研究矿区的地球化学特征和资源潜力。数据分析表明:1广东稀土资源非常丰富,实际资源量与现有报告评估的资源量有着极大的差别,相差两个数量级。2三个稀土矿的风化壳原矿的轻稀土/重稀土的比值为1.8~6.6,说明三个稀土矿均为轻稀土矿;只开采轻稀土矿,与市场需求和广东富有重稀土资源的情况都不相符,年稀土开采指标与年冶炼分离能力也存在极大缺口,无论资源类型和数量都无法满足经济对稀土资源的巨大需求,建议考虑适当增加稀土矿证和开采指标。3A矿区和C矿区的腐植层和半风化层稀土含量都不高,成矿部位在全风化层,成矿模式为浅伏式;B矿区的腐植层和全风化层稀土含量高(最高超过0.3%),为成矿部位,成矿模式为表露式。4风化壳采矿位置尚需根据市场情况调整,减少矿体的漏采,尾砂稀土资源有待回收利用。5风化壳和尾砂样品微量元素含量相对陆壳丰度,多数元素富集倍数低于10,部分元素甚至出现亏损,没有回收利用价值。     

我国预应力岩土锚固技术的现状与发展

预应力岩土锚固技术是深基坑、地下工程、隧道、道路边坡、坝基、桥梁等工程中重要的支护手段之一，全面剖析了这项技术在理论研究、应用领域、规模、标准化建设、锚固材料及施工机具等突破性进展，根据我国基础施工现状，对锚杆的设计、锚固参数合理选择、锚杆的腐蚀与防护进行了分析，从8个方面指出了预测应力岩土锚固技术的研究方向。     

莱芜市泉河地区岩溶塌陷特征及成因分析

在20世纪80年代以来,莱芜市泉河地区发生多起岩溶塌陷,而且岩溶塌陷的发生具有突发性、重复性。在已有研究成果的基础上通过现场调查,系统总结了莱芜市泉河地区岩溶塌陷特征,即岩溶塌陷的形成与分布在空间上具有方向性,在时间上具有阶段性与集中爆发期。岩溶塌陷发育情况、覆盖层条件和水文动态资料综合分析结果表明,莱芜市泉河地区岩溶塌陷是区内水动力条件的改变造成的。     

精细地质初议

通过对经济建设、资源勘探、环境保护和地学发展的需求分析,提出了进行精细地质研究的必要性,诠释了精细地质的概念及其技术体系。认为精细地质是以先进的技术方法和高灵敏度的测量仪器,对地质体进行精确细致的研究,形成先进、精确、实用的成果,达到提高地学科研与调查水平,高效服务经济建设的目的。精细地质的技术体系包括遥感、物探、化探、钻探、同位素测年、空间定位技术、计算机技术等,通过空中地表地下全方位立体化的综合调查,完成对研究对象的精细研究。通过物探、遥感、同位素测年、化探等核心技术在国内外精细地质研究中的发展应用状况分析,以遥感技术为例,阐述了进行精细地质调查研究的可能性,展望了精细地质在矿产资源勘探、地学研究、环境保护、国防建设、地质灾害调查等领域的应用前景。     

Incentive policy for reduction of emission from ships: A case study of China

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from ships in ports are a major contributor to air pollution and smog in port cities. The issue of how to reduce PM emissions has become a critical concern for port city residents and governments. This paper establishes an incentive policy to reduce PM emissions from ships in ports. Using a Panamax bulk carrier as a case study, eight alternative approaches that could be adopted by shipping companies are compared and their operational benefits are estimated. By restricting the analysis to emission control areas (ECAs), the net present value (NPV) model shows that the diesel particulate filter (DPF) is the most advantageous approach with the highest NPV, while the exhaust gas scrubber (EGS) approach is the most economically inefficient. Meanwhile, due to DPF's excellent performance in PM abatement, it is suggested that governments should prioritize the DPF approach when promoting the application of emission reduction technologies. From the perspective of social welfare, a positive social benefit of about US $20,000 will be generated over the life cycle of a ship. However, a low government pricing in China will reduce shipping companies’ operational performance as the emission control zone (ECZ) gradually expands. As a result, an appropriate subsidy scheme is necessary to encourage shipping companies to apply emission reduction technologies.