厚层黄土状土中扩底墩竖向承载性状

根据同一试验场地厚层非湿陷性黄土状土中8根大直径扩底墩、2根等直径桩的竖向承载力静载试验,对扩底墩的竖向承载性状进行了研究。结果表明,在其他条件相同时,随扩底墩直径D的增大,虽单位面积极限端阻力有不同程度的降低,但墩的极限承载力Qu增大;当D和墩身直径d不变时,总极限侧阻力所占墩顶极限荷载的百分比随长径比L/d的增大而增大;d不变时,随长径比L/D的增加,各墩的墩顶荷载呈起伏变化,总端阻所占百分比（比等直径桩大）相应降低,平均极限侧阻力（比等直径桩小）相应增大,而L/D = 3时,其承载性状较好;在扩底墩墩身直径d与等直径桩相同、入土长度相当的情况下,前者承载力比后者大,且沉降小。     

规则波作用下台阶地形上墩柱绕流三维数值研究

利用Flow-3D建立三维数值波浪水槽,模拟波浪在不对称台阶地形上的传播。系统研究规则波作用下墩柱周围水流的流动特性,分析墩柱周围的瞬时速度场、涡量场以及KC值变化,不同相位时墩柱前、后水平流速分布情况。结果表明:波浪在台阶地形传播的过程中,墩柱迎水面的涡动结构不够明显;高涡量呈对称状聚集在墩柱的背水面,并形成一对旋转方向相反的涡结构;周期对KC值的影响比波高的影响要明显;墩柱迎水面水平方向流速变化较大,侧面水平流速变化最为剧烈,背面由于受到墩柱的掩护作用水平方向流速变化不大,在墩柱的正面和侧面竖向环流明显。     

强潮流作用下桥墩不对称“双肾型”冲刷地貌特征与机理

本文在海图地形资料分析桥轴线附近的海床自然冲刷的基础上,利用多波束测深技术研究大桥主墩附近局部冲刷地形。结果表明,该大桥桥位附近地形冲刷较显著,且大桥主墩位置有持续冲刷的趋势;主墩上、下游群桩最大冲刷深度呈上游最深、中部淤积、下游渐深的不对称形态,最大局部冲刷深度为4 m;桥墩整体冲刷坑形态呈南北“双肾型”;潮流流向与桥墩迎流面存在偏南的入射角,使得各桥墩南侧的最大冲深和冲刷范围均大于北侧。     

基于3D-DIC的砂岩裂纹扩展及损伤监测试验研究

裂纹监测对岩石损伤演化的认识至关重要。为研究岩石裂纹扩展及损伤变形特性,开展了含不同倾角（0°～90°）预制裂隙的标准细黄砂岩样的单轴压缩试验。利用三维数字图像相关技术（3D-DIC）获取岩样三维空间坐标下的应变分布,并结合声发射从光学与声学的角度监测了裂纹的扩展演化。由此提出了一种裂纹主应变的计算方法,定量表征岩石劣化的损伤变量D值。最后,探讨了由声发射与损伤变量D值确定岩样特征强度的影响因素。结论如下：（1）裂纹主应变反映了岩样受荷过程中同源裂纹在时间上的变化速率与空间上的扩展趋势,能较好地表征岩石的开裂行为;（2）声发射适用于确定岩样的起裂应力,不适用于损伤应力的确定,损伤变量D值所确定的起裂应力滞后于声发射,但适用于损伤应力特征值的确定;（3）结合声发射与DIC技术确定的归一化起裂应力范围为0.63～0.94、归一化损伤应力的范围为0.83～0.99;（4）预有裂隙会影响岩石的材料力学性能。随着倾角的增加,岩石的起裂应力、损伤应力及峰值应力呈增长的趋势,由于难以形成局部应变场聚集,裂纹的萌生与起裂更加困难。结果表明,3D-DIC技术的利用可以提高对岩石开裂行为的理解,对岩石的损伤监测与判识更有重要的意义。     

Centrifugal test of a road embankment built after new dredger fill on thick marine clay

Abstract

The construction of a 100-km road network is planned on a land reclamation area in the Oujiang Estuary in China. The embankment had a height of 4 m and a base width of 60 m. The reclamation area is newly filled by a 3-m dredger fill on a 48-m thick layer of marine clay. Estimation of the settlement of the future road network is difficult. To guide the construction of the road network, a 1/100-scale centrifuge model test was performed with a marine clay sample from the construction site to simulate the layered settlements and evaluate the drainage effect of prefabricated vertical drains in the dredger fill in the following 10 years. The results of the centrifuge modeling test are verified by 10-month in situ monitoring, which shows agreement between the centrifuge modeling test results and the in situ results. The test results indicate that additional time is needed to reinforce the newly added dredger fill by the surcharge preloading method to uplift the elevation of the reclamation area with dredger fill.     

On the Polyps of the Common Jellyfish Aurelia aurita in Kagoshima Bay

There is the natural habitat of polyps of the common jellyfish Aurelia aurita in the Taniyama area, Kagoshima Bay. We examined the attachment substrata, density, colony structure and strobilation of the polyps. The polyps were observed only on the horizontal undersurface of floating piers. They attached specifically to Mytilus shells, solitary ascidians, calcareous polychaete tubes, muddy amphipod tubes and the gap space that fouling animals peeled off the substrata. The polyp colonies were distributed in patches. Spatial distribution patterns of the polyps within their colonies were uniform. Strobilation occurred during late December to March, when water temperatures were 16–17°C, and a large number of ephyrae were released. An increase in man-made structures such as floating piers in coastal areas may lead to bloomings of Aurelia aurita medusae. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Behavior of single rammed aggregate piers considering installation effects

A three-dimensional numerical method was used to simulate cavity expansion during installation and an in situ load test conducted on a single rammed aggregate pier (RAP). Verification of the numerical model was carried out by comparing the computed settlements at top and tip of the pier with the measured values. An un-rammed aggregate pier (UAP) of the same diameter and length was also simulated using the numerical method to demonstrate the effect of installation. Interpretations of the numerical results were focused on the load–settlement behavior, the bulging of the pier, the axial load distributions along the pier, and the stress paths of the soil around the pier. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of the pier length/diameter ratio and the soil properties on the behavior of rammed and un-rammed aggregate piers.     

模块化预制拼装铁路实心桥墩抗震性能数值分析

为适应施工期短的严/高寒地区和近海铁路桥梁工程发展,提高铁路桥梁工程的施工效率和工程质量.文中提出了一种用于铁路桥梁工程中的模块化预制拼装实心桥墩,该桥墩不仅可以纵向节段连接,还可以通过多个可互连的模块水平连接.基于ABAQUS程序,开展了铁路桥梁模块化预制拼装桥墩在单调、往复荷载作用下力学性能数值分析,对该桥墩的承载...     

基于光滑粒子流体动力学方法的泥石流冲击桥墩试验模拟EI北大核心CSCD

采用Bingham流体模型描述泥石流的动力学行为,将桥墩视为地形条件,在光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothparticle hydromechanics,简称SPH)方法的框架上引入边界斥力改进边界条件,构建了泥石流冲击桥墩的三维数值计算模型。基于水槽试验对不同黏性的泥石流冲击桥墩的堆积过程及冲击力时程曲线特性进行了分析,根据水槽试验建立物理模型,实现了不同流变参数和重度的泥石流冲击桥墩的三维动力演化过程模拟,并对不同流变参数的泥石流堆积过程及冲击力时程曲线模拟结果进行了分析。从流体力学的角度对模拟结果进行分析,指出忽略湍流形成的能量耗散是导致稀性泥石流运动过程模拟与试验结果差异的主要原因,并讨论了不同黏性条件下泥石流冲击桥墩的防护措施。研究成果为泥石流冲击桥墩三维数值计算模型的进一步优化提供了理论支撑。     

Consolidation analysis for soft soil with non-Darcian flow considering variable discharge capacity of prefabricated vertical drain

Ground improvement is a complex issue, and accurately predicting the consolidation and settlement of soft soil with prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) presents a significant challenge. Recent laboratory and field tests have highlighted the influence of the variable discharge capacity of PVD and the non-Darcian flow behavior of soft soil on consolidation. However, existing theories have not yet considered these two factors simultaneously. To address this gap, a numerical solution for consolidation analysis incorporating non-Darcian flow and variable discharge capacity of PVD was developed and applied in a test area. The results of this study demonstrate the significant impact of both non-Darcian flow and variable discharge capacity on the consolidation rate. A comprehensive comparison between the findings of this numerical solution, the degenerate solution, and monitored data reveals clear differences. Notably, the non-Darcian exponent (s) and discharge capacity parameters (A₃) were found to exert a greater influence on consolidation behavior compared to other factors. These findings provide valuable guidance for the design and implementation of following airport ground improvement strategies.