Assessing hydrogeologic controls on dynamic groundwater storage using long‐term instrumental records of water table levels

This study analyzes a long‐term regional compilation of water table response to climate variability based on 124 long‐term groundwater wells distributed across New England, USA, screened in a variety of geologic materials. The New England region of the USA is located in a humid‐temperature climate underlain by low‐storage‐fractured metamorphic and crystalline bedrock dissected by north–south trending valleys filled with glacial and post‐glacial valley fill sediments. Uplands are covered by thin glacial till that comprises more than 60% of the total area. Annual and multi‐annual responses of the water table to climate variability are assessed to understand how local hydraulic properties and hydrogeologic setting (located in recharge/discharge region) of the aquifer influence the hydrologic sensitivity of the aquifer system to climate variability. This study documents that upland aquifer systems dominated by thin deposits of surface till comprise ~70% of the active and dynamic storage of the region. Total aquifer storage changes of +5 to ?7 km³ occur over the region during the study interval. The storage response is dominated by thin and low permeability surficial till aquifer that fills and drains on a multi‐annual basis and serves as the main mechanism to deliver water to valley fill aquifers and underlying bedrock aquifers. Whereas the till aquifer system is traditionally neglected as an important storage reservoir, this study highlights the importance of a process‐based understanding of how different landscape hydrogeologic units contribute to the overall hydrologic response of a region.     

热带太平洋海平面高度年际异常及其与中国夏季降水的关系

利用1980—2009年共30a的NCEP逐月GODAS海平面高度（sea surface height,SSH）和中国160站降水资料,系统分析了热带太平洋海平面高度季节变化及年际异常特征,初步探讨了海平面高度年际异常与中国夏季降水年际异常之间的相关关系。结果表明：1）热带太平洋海平面高度气候场总体呈＂V＂型分布,西高东低、西北部高于西南部;西北部高值区稳定少动,春夏季大于0.8m的范围较秋冬季略有扩大;西南部高值区春季范围最大且偏北,夏季最小且偏南;赤道区域海平面高度春秋季高于冬夏季。2）多年平均而言,热带西太平洋、西南太平洋的海平面高度年际异常最强,且冬春季较夏秋季更强,赤道中东太平洋年际异常也较大,且秋冬季异常强度和范围都更大,秋、冬和春季海平面高度年际异常与ENSO事件关系密切。3）当冬季发生ENSO事件,可利用热带太平洋海平面高度异常与中国夏季降水异常之间的同期相关关系,预测次年（ENSO事件衰减年）夏季江南地区特别是洞庭湖和鄱阳湖流域、青藏高原东部、江淮流域、内蒙东部降水可能偏多,黄河中下游流域的河套、华北地区以及华南则降水偏少     

南海北部盆地基底岩性地震-重磁响应特征与识别

针对性选取东南沿海露头剖面18条,采集245件南海盆地基底可能出现的岩性样品,测定其密度和磁化率,建立各种岩性的密度-磁化率交会图版,以此约束过井地震剖面和重磁异常的地质解释,总结出南海北部盆地基底火山岩、侵入岩、变质岩和沉积岩4大类11亚类岩性的地震-重磁响应特征.应用重磁震-岩性解释模型逐一对南海盆地北部主干剖面进行地质-地球物理综合解释,从而实现了盆地基底岩性的平面填图.这种从盆缘剖面到盆地内部、从岩石物性测量到地质-地球物理综合解释的方法,在资料获取难度大、地质条件复杂的南海盆地基底地质研究中,业已证明是行之有效的,相信在其他盆地研究中也会有借鉴意义.     

Growth anomalies on Acropora cytherea corals

This ten-year study examined the morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics of coral growth anomalies on Acropora cytherea on Amuro Island, Okinawa, Japan. The objectives of the study were to assess whether the growth anomalies, identified as diffuse disruptions on the skeleton: (i) were more prevalent on large colonies than on small colonies, (ii) were more common near the center of the colonies than peripherally, (iii) affected colony growth and mortality, and (iv) affected coral-colony fecundity and photosynthetic capacity. We hypothesized that the growth anomalies were signs of the onset of aging. The growth anomalies were more prevalent on colonies >2 m diameter, and were concentrated near the central (older) portions of the colonies. The growth anomalies were also associated with reduced productivity and dysfunctional gametogenesis. Still, the growth anomalies did not appear to affect colony survival. The contact experiments showed that the growth anomalies were not contagious, and were most likely a sign of aging that was exacerbated by thermal stress.     

甘肃东南部水氡中期异常特征研究

利用从属函数、变差率以及趋势速率方法提取甘肃东南部水氡观测资料的地震前兆异常.结果表明,1984年1月至2009年12月,7项水氡资料共出现47次从属函数异常、45次变差率异常和39次趋势速率异常.其中,33次从属函数异常、35次变差率异常和30次趋势速率异常很好地对应了甘肃及邻区震中距在33～585 km范围内发生的5～8级地震.通过分析异常特征及其与地震的关系,提出中强震和强震时间预测的指标与方法,得出甘肃东南部水氡从属函数计算的经验常数,以及变差率和趋势速率的异常阈值.     

The Characteristics of Earthquake Swarms in and around Jiangsu Province

This paper systematically analyzed 36 earthquake swarms in and around Jiangsu Province, summarized their characteristics and discussed the relationship between earthquske swarms and subsequent strong earthquakes. It also analyzed the judgment criteria for precursory earthquake swarms. Earthquake swarms in Jiangsu Province are concentrated in several areas. Most of them were of magnitude ML2.0～3.9. For most earthquake swarms, the number of earthquakes was less than 30. Time duration for about 55% of earthqua...     

基于主从架构的可扩展地震前兆数据采集系统设计与实现

提出地震前兆数据管理系统中可扩展的分布式数据采集系统架构,该架构可以快捷地使用第三方资源对系统能力进行扩展,从而很好的应对变化的资源需求.在传统的主从模型基础上,通过创建执行器来执行任务和分配资源,可以有效执行任务.     

2009年7月9日云南姚安6.0级地震预测回顾

基于2009年7月9日姚安6.0级地震发生之前形变观测前兆异常,给出该地震三要素,总结其前兆异常特点,反思运用单台前兆观测资料预报地震过程中存在的问题,为今后的地震预测积累经验.     

根据多时相夜间MODIS LST推断的腾冲地区新生代火山岩岩浆囊分布与活动特征

腾冲火山地热区位于印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲-碰撞带的弧后活动区,是我国新生代火山-地热最为活动的地区之一.本文利用MODIS夜间月平均地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)数据,计算了研究区2001～2011年132个月的月平均地表温度,圈定了地温异常区;分析了异常区年内及年际间的平均地表温度变化趋势,推测了可能的地下岩浆囊分布位置及活动特征.研究结果表明,腾冲地区现今地下可能存在3个岩浆囊:第1个位于五合-新华-蒲川-团田一带,面积约为537km2,地温异常最明显;第2个位于朗蒲-热海-马鞍山地区,面积约为226km2,地温异常次之;第3个位于马站-曲石之间,面积约为28km2,地温异常较为明显.3个地温异常区在年内的地表温度变化趋势基本一致,而且周期性明显,均在5～6月份和8～9月份出现2个温度峰.其中朗蒲-热海-马鞍山异常区的地温变化波动最大,可能反映地下岩浆囊地热系统与地表地下水系统的对流交换活动性更强.MODIS夜间月平均地表温度数据得出的结果与测震、GPS形变、He同位素比值及最大相对地热梯度等方法推测的地温异常区范围具有很好的一致性,特别是地温异常区年内温度周期性变化的发现,表明卫星热红外遥感技术应用于地热异常实时监测与研究的巨大潜力.     

西藏冈底斯成矿带斯弄多铅锌矿区激电异常特征及找矿意义

斯弄多铅锌矿区位于冈底斯念青唐古拉板块的隆格尔一工布江达弧背断隆带南缘的铅锌多金属成矿带内。通过激电测量工作,在矿区获得12个异常。经过评价解释,筛选出具有找矿价值的异常5个,其中南部地区2个、北部地区3个。南部地区的异常有JD1号异常,包含5个异常高值区,JD13为已知矿化异常。根据异常特征和成矿地质条件,将JD1号异常划分了3个远景区：Ⅰ号远景区由JD1—1号异常构成,Ⅱ号远景区由JD1—2号、JD4号异常和KHT1号、KHT2号矿化体组成,Ⅲ号远景区由JD13构成,Ⅲ号远景区可作为下步工作的重点地段。