探讨油气化探精查技术在松辽盆地某断陷北部地区的勘探应用

通过油气化探精查技术在松辽盆地某断陷北部地区的应用,总结出区内地表油气地球化学特征,提出化探精查技术方法和化探指标系列,并运用浓度异常,主成分异常,熵值异常等数据处理与解释技术,提取深部油气藏地表地球化学信息,评价多处化探异常和预测油气聚集的有利圈闭,为后期勘探工作提供钻探部署建议,其成果认识与同期三维地震工作成果认识相一致,为该断陷北部地区油气勘探工作取得阶段性成果作出重要贡献.     

A new hybrid geoid model for Japan, GSIGEO2000

 The latest gravimetric geoid model for Japan, JGEOID2000, was successfully combined with the nationwide net of GPS at benchmarks, yielding a new hybrid geoid model for Japan, GSIGEO2000. The least-squares collocation (LSC) method was applied as an interpolation for fitting JGEOID2000 to the GPS/leveling geoid undulations. The GPS/leveling geoid undulation data were reanalyzed in advance, in terms of three-dimensional positions from GPS and orthometric heights from leveling. The new hybrid geoid model is, therefore, compatible with the new Japanese geodetic reference frame. GSIGEO2000 was evaluated internally and independently and the precision was estimated at 4 cm throughout nearly the whole region. Received: 15 October 2001 / Accepted: 27 March 2002 Acknowledgments. Messrs. Toshio Kunimi and Tadashi Saito at the Third Geodetic Division of the Geographical Survey Institute (GSI) mainly carried out the computations of most of the updated leveled heights. With regard to the reanalysis of GPS data, the discussions with Messrs. Yuki Hatanaka and Shoichi Matsumura of GSI were of great help in building the analysis strategy. Messrs. Kazuyuki Tanaka and Hiromi Shigematsu collaborated in the preparatory stages of GPS data computation. The authors' thanks are extended to these colleagues. Some plots were made by GMT software (Wessel and Smith 1991). Correspondence to: Y. Kuroishi     

EGM96,WDM94和GPM98CR高阶地球重力场模型表示深圳局部重力场的比较与评价

为计算深圳精密重力大地水准面，利用62个高精度GPS水准点和4871个实测重力点数据对EGM96，WDM94和GPM98CR全球重力场模型表示深圳局部重力场进行了比较与评价。结果表明，由上述3个重力场模型计算的大地水准面高和重力异常与实测值之间存在明显的系统偏差，当采用GPS水准数据尽可能消除系统偏差以后，大地水准面高的精度得到显著提高，若应用移去-恢复技术确定深圳高精度大地水准面，则WDM94应该是首选的参考重力场模型。     

地壳变形与地应力变化关系的研究

地震地质研究表明，地壳变形与地应力变化直接相关，它们之间存在着比较复杂的关系。本文在分析甘肃东南部地区地应力及地壳变形观测资料的基础上，结合其它前兆物理现象的对比，用数值模拟方法，研究了地应力变化与地壳形变、地震活动性以及区域构造活动之间的关系。其方法和结果拓宽了不同观测资料横向综合分析的路子，使其在地壳动力学、地震地质研究和地震预报中得到更广泛、更进一步的应用。     

Temporal variation of crustal deformation during the days preceding a thrust-type great earthquake — The 1944 Tonankai earthquake of magnitude 8.1, Japan

The temporal variation in precursory ground tilt prior to the 1944 Tonankai (Japan) earthquake, which is a great thrust-type earthquake along the Nankai Trough, is discussed using the analysis of data from repeated surveys along short-distance leveling routes.Sato (1970) pointed out that an anomalous tilt occurred one day before the earthquake at Kakegawa near the northern end of the focal region of the earthquake. From the analysis of additional leveling data, Sato's result is re-examined and the temporal change in the ground tilt is deduced for the period of about ten days beginning six days before the earthquake. A remarkable precursory tilt started two or three days before the earthquake. The direction of the precursory tilt was up towards the south (uplift on the southern Nankai Trough side), but the coseismic tilt was up towards the southeast, perpendicular to the strike of the main thrust fault of the Tonankai earthquake. The postseismic tilt was probably opposite of the coseismic tilt. The preseismic tilt is attributed to precursory slip on part of the main fault. If similar precursory deformation occurs before a future earthquake expected to occur in the adjacent Tokai region, the deformation may help predict the time of the Tokai earthquake.     

高精度天文水准的布设

天文水准是利用垂线偏差确定高程异常的一种经典方法。过去由于垂线偏差测量的作业效率低而不可能大量布测垂线偏差点，我国的天文水准测线上垂线偏差点间距为２０－５４ｋｍ，因而精度很低（μ＝±０．０７-０．１１ｍ）。当前发展中的垂线偏差快速确定技术为高精度天文水准创造了条件。本文讨论了垂线偏差的代表误差和水准面不平行的改正，提出了高精度（μ＝±０．０１ｍ）天文水准布设方案，用物理大地测量实验区实测数据对结论进行了验证。     

Essential Features of Tectonic Movement Revealed by Crustal Vertical Deformations in the Mainland of China

Based on the precise reieveling data of more than 260,000 km carried out from 1950 to 1991 in the Chinese mainland,recent crustal vertical movement is studied.By means of some quantitative indices,such as the pattern of crustal vertical movement,the intensity of differential movement,the maximum gradient and its distribution,etc.,the properties of movements are analyzed on a large scale.The results suggest that all the properties have a profound tectonic background of their own and are closely related to the zoning and seismic activity of active subplates.The driving force for the movement comes mainly from the northward push of the India plate acting on the Eurasia plate.The effects of motions of the Pacific and Philippine Sea plates in the east are much less significant.     

快速精密星历与最终精密星历对定位精度的影响和比较

星历的精度会对单点定位和相对定位的解算结果产生影响,利用IGS跟踪站给出的观测数据以及快速精密星历和最终精密星历来进行计算,结果表明,用快速精密星历代替最终精密星历是可行的。     

联合重力异常和GPS水准数据的最小二乘配置方法

本文对最小二乘配置的基本方法进行了简要介绍,讨论了局部协方差函数模型的确定方法,并利用GPS水准和重力数据,根据移去恢复法,运用最小二乘配置方法进行重力异常和GPS水准的联合配置计算,确定了某市2′30″×2′30″区域似大地水准面模型,并将最终结果与GPS水准数据进行比较分析,通过检核,精度达到±1.6cm。     

谈红沿河核电厂精密GPS控制网设计方案

通过辽宁红沿河核电厂厂区初级加密控制网的建立过程,叙述了利用GPS规范和工程测量规范相结合,制定出大型厂矿精密GPS控制网的"主要技术要求方案"和"观测基本技术规定"的设计方案,并获得精密成果.通过文章介绍,在精密工程测量中必将对GPS定位精度提升及扩展GPS的应用领域有一定的指导作用.