基于CASIO fx-5800计算器编制计算曲线桥墩坐标

根据单线铁路曲线桥墩与路线中线之间的设计关系,以及桥梁工作线、桥墩横向偏心、纵向偏心。基于CASIO fx-5800计算器编制计算曲线桥墩坐标,将结合工程实例讨论曲线桥墩上任意点坐标计算,施工中常用方法。     

基于不同滤波算法差异的机载LiDAR数据桥梁提取

在对形态学滤波和区域生长算法研究的基础上,通过对桥梁的特点进行分析,提出一种基于形态学滤波和区域生长算法的滤波结果的差异进行桥梁探测的算法.算法不受桥梁形状的影响,桥梁可分叉、无需平行和等宽,甚至在部分桥梁数据不完整的情况下也有效.通过3个不同场景的桥梁实例验证算法的正确性.     

浅谈桂林市新解放桥工程地质勘察及桥基处理

随着桂林市经济和旅游业的发展 ,交通量大幅度的增加 ,原解放桥所能承受的荷载已远远超过它的设计标准 ,加上桥基和桥面已有不同程度的破损 ,建设新的解放桥已势在必行。文章就新解放桥场地的工程地质条件、存在的工程地质问题及所进行的工程地质评价和桥基处理情况作简要介绍。     

皖南山区钢管砼拱桥施工技术

铜管砼拱桥在皖南山区受到应用限制的主要因素是钢管加工困难,构件运输的自然环境条件差,大型预制构件不易到达桥位处,加之某些区域的环境因素影响,使钢管砼拱桥施工,养护和维修成为主要问题.文章主要叙述了钢管砼拱桥的几种施工方法,对各种施工方法的适用条件及技术要点进行了分析,供同行参考.     

覆水砂土场地中桥梁群桩基础地震响应离心试验研究

为探究覆水饱和砂土场地中土-群桩基础-桥梁结构体系动力相互作用规律,自主设计并制作了直（斜）群桩基础-桥梁结构物理相似模型,开展了不同地震动强度和不同特性地震波输入下的离心机振动台试验,分析了群桩基础-桥梁结构动力特性指标,探究了覆水饱和砂土地基超孔隙水压力发展规律和桩-土相互作用动力响应特性。研究结果表明：覆水的存在对地基土-桥梁结构体系的基本周期和阻尼影响很小,但会导致直群桩基础桥梁结构的振动幅值增加20%,而斜群桩基础桥梁结构的振动幅值降低10%;斜群桩基础模型阻尼比是直群桩基础模型的2倍。上覆水导致饱和砂土地基由受低频振动液化深度更大变为受高频振动地基液化深度更大,同时导致小震作用下促进超孔隙水压力发展,而大震作用下则反之。上覆水会增大桥梁上部结构的动力响应和桩身弯矩。上述研究结果可为覆水场地中桥梁工程抗震设计提供关键参考依据。     

Shaking table tests of a resilient bridge system with precast reinforced concrete columns equipped with springs

This paper presents the shake table test results of a novel system for the design of precast reinforced concrete bridges. The specimen comprises a slab and four precast columns. The connections are dry and the columns are connected to the slab by an ungrouted tendon. One of the tendon ends is anchored above the slab, in series with a stack of washer springs, while the other end is anchored at the bottom of the column. The addition of such a flexible restraining system increases the stability of the system, while keeping it relatively flexible allowing it to experience negative post-uplift stiffness. It is a form of seismic isolation. Anchoring the tendon within the column, caps the design moment of the foundation, and reduces its size. One hundred and eighty-one shake table tests were performed. The first 180 caused negligible damage to the specimen, mainly abrasion at the perimeter of the column top ends. Hence, the system proved resilient. The 181^st excitation caused collapse, because the tendons unexpectedly failed at a load less than 50% of their capacity (provided by the manufacturer), due to the failure of their end socket. This highlights the importance of properly designing the tendons. The tests were used to statistically validate a rigid body model. The model performed reasonably well never underestimating the median displacement response of the center of mass of the slab by more than 30%. However, the model cannot predict the torsion rotation of the slab that was observed in the tests and is due to imperfections.     

Probabilistic seismic response and reliability assessment of isolated bridges

Bridge seismic isolation strategy is based on the reduction of shear forces transmitted from the superstructure to the piers by two means: shifting natural period and earthquake input energy reduction by dissipation concentrated in protection devices. In this paper, a stochastic analysis of a simple isolated bridge model for different bridge and device parameters is conducted to assess the efficiency of this seismic protection strategy. To achieve this aim, a simple nonlinear softening constitutive law is adopted to model a wide range of isolation devices, characterized by only three essential mechanical parameters. As a consequence of the random nature of seismic motion, a probabilistic analysis is carried out and the time modulated Kanai-Tajimi stochastic process is adopted to represent the seismic action. The response covariance in the state space is obtained by solving the Lyapunov equation for a stochastic linearized system. After a sensitivity analysis, the failure probability referred to extreme displacement and the mean value of dissipated energy are assessed by using the introduced stochastic indices of seismic bridge protection efficiency. A parametric analysis for protective devices with different mechanical parameters is developed for a proper selection of parameters of isolation devices under different situations.     

城市桥梁震害预测方法的探讨

简要介绍了城市桥梁的六种震害预测方法。在确定采用哪种方法时,要根据桥梁的结构型式、桥墩材料、墩台高度、基础类型等因素来确定。在详细介绍了回归统计法的基础上,通过实际桥梁的震害与回归统计法的预测进行比较,检验了回归统计法的可靠性。     

大跨径高桥墩垂直度观测方法和精度分析

介绍了高桥墩的垂直度观测方法和精度分析,推导出一系列实用公式,观测方法简单,结果精确可靠。利用这种方法能快速有效地判断出桥墩的倾斜量,及时采取相应调整措施,以保证桥墩的垂直性。     

GPS在桥梁跨河水准测量中的应用研究

传统的跨河水准测量方法以几何光学观测为基础,受距离和气候条件的影响显著,工作效率较低。GPS技术所具有的三维定位功能,以其快速、全天候测量的优点,为跨河高程测量提供了一条新的途径。本文针对桥梁工程特点,探讨了GPS跨河水准测量的基本原理和方法,采用线性拟合模型推求跨河点之间的高程异常差,再结合GPS大地高即可求得跨河高差。在安庆长江铁路大桥精密控制网测量中,进行了二等GPS跨河水准测量试验,采用测距三角高程法进行验证,较差为4.7mm。