四川中强地震特征性活动图象与当前地震趋势讨论

本文从四川Ｍ≥４级地震时、空、强活动图象分析中，提取了有重复性前兆意义的异常图象，称为特征活动图象，如条带状、丛集、环状围空、缺震异常时段、盆地及周缘区前震等。并根据当前的地震活动图像，讨论了四川地震趋势。     

裂谷盆地的断层封闭类型

对油气运移和聚集而言，裂谷盆地的断层可分为断面封闭型和生封闭型两大类；断面封闭型以以断面（或断裂带）本身作为遮挡体或通道；岩性封闭型断层依靠对盘财层遮挡或提供通道，根据断层的封闭能力，每大类还可分为完全封闭型、不完全封闭型和开启型３亚类、磊断层以断面封闭型为主；小断层大断层在浅层的分支断层都为生封闭型，但者的油气分布特所不同，一盘为基岩的断层较在盖层内的断层能力低，断层活动有利于油气运移。     

广西金牙金矿含金流体的动力学迁移

根据广西金牙及右江三叠纪贫地中的众多微细浸染型金矿床的均位于三叠纪盆地水下碳酸盐台地的边缘且弧形断裂的预顶部位这一事实,作者在金牙金矿物质和成矿流体来源于沉积盆地的基础上,对台地边缘区作沉积构造分析和流体动力学分析,应用流体势理论及数字化模拟技术得出;成矿流体在压力下趋于向台地边缘斜坡且弧形断裂的弧顶部位集中。     

The dynamics of farmer migration and resettlement in the Dhidhessa River Basin,Ethiopia

ABSTRACT

The Dhidhessa River Basin (DRB), in the Abbay River Basin in Ethiopia, is undergoing large-scale dam construction for sugarcane irrigation. We focused on the dynamics of population migration, settlement, relocation and water resource development in the DRB using primary and secondary data. Two major migration waves were observed in the basin: the first in 1984–1986 during a severe drought and the second during 2005–2017. Most rural migrants were “pulled” by government initiative in the period 1984–2017, while a few migrated of their own accord due to famine. We found that the first migration wave from eastern Ethiopia (Harar) to DRB was due to scarcity of water, land and rainfall and the migration positively affected migrant livelihoods. In the second phase, dam construction displaced settled farmers and migrants, adversely affecting their livelihoods. Analysis is needed that considers the wellbeing of the displaced agrarian society and the migrant population in the dam-affected area.     

青藏高原湖泊涨缩的新构造运动意义

青藏高原位于我国的西南部,平均海拔4000—5000m。第四纪以来强烈的新构造运动,引起地壳大幅度的隆起,迫使湖泊出现了大规模的退缩及迁移。新的湖泊不断产生或扩大,古老的湖泊又不断消亡或缩小,形成了湖泊变化与构造活动周期的对应性。本文在分析了青藏高原的地貌、第四纪地质,特别是活断层及地震活动性研究的基础上,对于高原≥4km~2的367个湖泊进行了卫片解译,并取得了较好的效果。     

Steady-state migration and diffusion of hydrocarbons in complex stratigraphic sequences

A mean-field method is used to describe both average and fluctuating flow properties of water and oil in sedimentary basins. Comparison of oil and water flow shows the relative strengths of capillarity and buoyancy in controlling the mean and fluctuating components of flow. Effects of sandiness and water-wetness are studied as is the effect of decreasing porosity with increasing subsurface burial. Numerical estimates suggest that sandiness percentages between about 20 to 80% influence mean and fluctuating components of flow. Outside of this regime the end-member situations of shale or sand prevail.The extra effects of vertical buoyancy and capillarity generally make lateral diffusion less important for oil flow than for water flow.     

石油和天然气运移、聚集的特征

虽然石油和天然气都是流体矿产，但它们的物理性质有很大不同，诸如：密度、粒度、溶解度、表面张力、扩散性等等，从而引起它们在运移和聚集特征上也有很大不同，这些不同的特征决定了天然气勘探的时空领域比石油更广阔，然而却比石油更难于保存下来。     

常速叠加－DMO－叠后偏移等效叠前偏移

常速叠加是根据给定的速度将炮检距空间的地震数据映射到叠加速度空间，在实际叠加速度位置形成叠加能量；速度变换是将叠加速度空间的能量数据映射到均方根速度空间，消除地层倾角对速度的影响，这实际上是一种ＤＭＯ方法；常速偏移是在每个均方根速度剖面上独立地进行波场归位，消除反射点位置对速度的影响．经过这三步处理获得最终叠前偏移结果．     

Volcanic history of Mount Sidley,a major alkaline volcano in Marie Byrd Land,Antarctica

Mount Sidley is a complex, polygenetic stratovolcano composed primarily of phonolitic and trachytic lavas and subordinate pyroclastic lithologies at the southern extremity of the Executive Committee Range, a linear chain of volcanoes in central Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. Detailed field investigation coupled with 14 high precision ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age determinations reveal a 1.5 million year life span between 5.7 and 4.2 Ma in which three major phonolitic central vent edifices (Byrd, Weiss and Sidley volcanoes) and their calderas were developed (5.7–4.8 Ma). This was followed (4.6–4.5 Ma) by the eruption of trachytic magmas from multiple vent localities further south, and then by small volume benmoreite-mugearite lavas and tephras around 4.4–4.3 Ma at the southern end of Mount Sidley. The final phase of activity was the eruption of basanite cones at approximately 4.2 Ma. The southward migration of volcanic activity was accompanied by distinct changes in magma composition and is best explained by the sequential release of magmas stored within an intricate system of conduits and chambers in the crust by tectonically driven (magma assisted?) fracture propagation. The style of volcanic migration at Mount Sidley is emulated on a larger scale by other volcanoes in the Executive Committee Range, in which progressive southward displacement of volcanic activity corresponds with significant petrological variations between major centers.