中国城市人口户籍迁移的估算及时空特征——新型城镇化的落户政策导向

基于户籍人口自然与机械增长的分解,估算2011-2017年全国地级及以上城市的户籍迁移人口,对比分析户籍迁移和人口流动的时空特征,评估国家新型城镇化战略中按规模等级引导城市落户政策的影响.结果表明,近年来,中国户籍迁移日趋活跃,人口迁移与流动的空间格局高度耦合;迁入热点区主要集中在沿海三大城市群,迁出地较为分散,以长江...     

2004年12月26日印尼Ms 8.9大地震对亚洲地震活动影响估计

分析2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊M8.9特大地震引起的区域应力场变动,对邻区其他主要潜在震源应变进程产生的影响,并进一步影响亚洲地震活动的格局。从应力转移机制出发,分析大地震沿印澳-欧亚板块边界、印度洋海岭和相邻小板块边界迁移的可能性。根据美国地质调查局全球台网目录分析了该大地震引起的诱发前震(远余震)图像,推测未来几年亚洲等相邻地区大地震发生概率较高的地区。其中包括喜马拉雅带中段和东端,兴都库什-贝加尔地带及印度洋等地区。这类地区涉及中国西藏仲巴、墨脱,新疆乌什、喀什,以及云南等地。     

简单斜坡油气富集规律——以松辽盆地西部斜坡北段为例

斜坡是断陷和凹陷型盆地的重要构造单元,按其断裂发育程度和沉积厚度分为复杂斜坡和简单斜坡。松辽盆地西部斜坡为断裂不发育、平缓的简单斜坡,简单斜坡油气成藏有特殊性,表现在三个方面：一是简单斜坡的原油主要来自临近的凹陷,油气沿砂体以优势路径方式侧向运移,油气呈“线状”分布;二是简单斜坡大规模构造圈闭不发育,圈闭类型以地层、岩性和构造-岩性圈闭为主,其分布受构造带控制,超覆带发育岩性上倾尖灭圈闭,受规模较大的断层控制形成的鼻状构造带上发育断层遮挡和构造-岩性圈闭,不受断层控制的鼻状构造带主要发育构造-岩性圈闭。三是简单斜坡普遍受大气水的淋滤作用,由于游离氧的进入使原油遭受氧化降解作用而稠化,造成简单斜坡稠油分布普遍。这种成藏的特殊性决定了油气富集规律：只有位于油气运移路径上的圈闭才有成藏的可能。简单斜坡油气勘探方向是,在油气运移路径上寻找低幅度构造背景下的岩性油气藏（小规模）、规模较大断层附近寻找断层遮挡油气藏（中等规模）和地层超覆带上寻找岩性上倾尖灭油气藏（大规模）。     

地震属性技术在四维地震监测中的应用

四维地震(4D seimic)主要是指利用重复三维地震测量资料进行油藏动态监测。在油田开发过程中,由于储层特性变化所引起的地震振幅异常、频率变化以及反射同相轴下拖现象等均可作为注蒸汽波及范围四维地震监测的良好识别标志。由于叠后地震资料中常常存在动校正速度不准、动校正拉伸畸变、剩余静校正误差、以及CDP道集中各道波形的差异性等多方面的问题,这会对叠后地震资料所反映出的四维地震异常特性产生影响,造成解释结果的差异性和不确定性。为此,本文尝试开展叠前地震属性反演研究,利用瞬时频率、瞬时频率梯度、能量衰减85%时的频率、最大振幅频率、最大振幅、总能量等多种衰减属性的叠前剖面及其差值剖面来定性解释四维地震实验区的注入蒸汽在剖面上的反映。     

天文大潮对南海北部浮游动物生物量的影响

基于2020年8月至11月在南海北部获取的声学多普勒流速剖面仪观测数据,利用后向散射强度数据估算得到相对体积散射强度并用其表征浮游动物生物量的相对大小,对相对体积散射强度的半月变化与具有半月周期的潮流动能进行相关性分析,进而分析天文大潮对声学估算的浮游动物生物量的影响。结果表明：半月周期的相对体积散射强度与潮流动能之间呈负相关关系,即天文大潮时,潮流动能较强,水体相对体积散射强度较低,浮游动物生物量则较小,天文小潮时则情况相反。初步推测其原因为：天文大潮时,强潮流一方面导致浮游动物生存环境恶化,使其生物量下降,另一方面也改变了浮游动物垂直迁移特性,浮游动物迁移到近海底处使其难以被观测。     

Magnetochronology of Mid-Miocene mammalian fauna in the Lanzhou Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau:Implications for Asian mammal migration

The Quantougou(QTG) Fauna in central Lanzhou Basin is an important late Mid-Miocene fauna on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau margin,but its numerical age remains a matter of debate.Here,we present a new magnetostratigraphic record for a fluvio-lacustrine section to further constrain the age of the QTG Fauna.Results suggest that the studied section spans from polarity chrons C5Cn.2n to C5 n.2n or C5 An.1n,with ages of ca.16.5 Ma to 10 Ma or 16.5 Ma to 12 Ma.The QTG Fauna is located at the top of polarity chron C5r.3 r or C5 Ar.2 r,which corresponds to an age of 11.7 Ma or 12.8 Ma for the fauna.Accordingly,the associated Myocricetodontinae(a subfamily of Gerbillidae,Rodentia) is suggested to have appeared in the Lanzhou Basin at 11.7 Ma or 12.8 Ma,which is the oldest Myocricetodontinae in East Asia but is still much younger than the ～20 Ma appearance of this subfamily in West and South Asia.Our age data support the interpretation that East Asian Myocricetodontinae originated from South Asia.The QTG fauna further suggest a dry and open grassland environment,which is consistent with global cooling after the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum.     

Plate tectonic control on the formation and tectonic migration of Cenozoic basins in northern margin of the South China Sea

The tectonic evolution history of the South China Sea(SCS) is important for understanding the interaction between the Pacific Tectonic Domain and the Tethyan Tectonic Domain,as well as the regional tectonics and geodynamics during the multi-plate convergence in the Cenozoic.Several Cenozoic basins formed in the northern margin of the SCS,which preserve the sedimentary tectonic records of the opening of the SCS.Due to the spatial non-uniformity among different basins,a systematic study on the various basins in the northern margin of the SCS constituting the Northern Cenozoic Basin Group(NCBG) is essential.Here we present results from a detailed evaluation of the spatial-temporal migration of the boundary faults and primary unconformities to unravel the mechanism of formation of the NCBG.The NCBG is composed of the Beibu Gulf Basin(BBGB),Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB) and Taixinan Basin(TXNB).Based on seismic profiles and gravity-magnetic anomalies,we confirm that the NE-striking onshore boundary faults propagated into the northern margin of the SCS.Combining the fault slip rate,fault combination and a comparison of the unconformities in different basins,we identify NE-striking rift composed of two-stage rifting events in the NCBG:an early-stage rifting(from the Paleocene to the Early Oligocene) and a late-stage rifting(from the Late Eocene to the beginning of the Miocene).Spatially only the late-stage faults occurs in the western part of the NCBG(the BBGB,the QDNB and the western PRMB),but the early-stage rifting is distributed in the whole NCBG.Temporally,the early-stage rifting can be subdivided into three phases which show an eastward migration,resulting in the same trend of the primary unconformities and peak faulting within the NCBG.The late-stage rifting is subdivided into two phases,which took place simultaneously in different basins.The first and second phase of the early-stage rifting is related to back-arc extension of the Pacific subduction retreat system.The third phase of the earlystage rifting resulted from the joint effect of slab-pull force due to southward subduction of the proto-SCS and the back-arc extension of the Pacific subduction retreat system.In addition,the first phase of the late-stage faulting corresponds with the combined effect of the post-collision extension along the Red River Fault and slab-pull force of the proto-SCS subduction.The second phase of the late-stage faulting fits well with the sinistral faulting of the Red River Fault in response to the Indochina Block escape tectonics and the slab-pull force of the proto-SCS.     

The formation mechanism of mud diapirs and gas chimneys and their relationship with natural gas hydrates: insights from the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

ABSTRACT

Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are widely developed in continental slope areas, which can provide sufficient gas for hydrate formation, and they are important for finding natural gas hydrates. Based on the interpretation and analysis of high-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data covering the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), northern South China Sea, we studied the formation mechanism of mud diapirs and gas chimneys and their relationship with natural gas hydrates. Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are columnar and domelike in shape and the internal regions of these bodies have abnormal reflections characterized by fuzzy, chaotic, and blanking zones. The reflection events terminate at the rims of mud diapirs and gas chimneys with pull-up reflections and pull-down reflections, respectively. In addition, ‘bright spots’ and diapiric-associated faults occur adjacent to mud diapirs and gas chimneys. The rapidly deposited and deeply buried fine sediments filling in the Tertiary in deep-water areas of the QDNB and overpressure potential derived from undercompacted mudstones, as well as from the pressurization of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation, provide abundant materials and intensive driving forces for the formation of mud diapirs and gas chimneys. Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) with strong amplitude and high or poor continuity were recognized atop the mud diapirs and gas chimneys and in the structural highs within the same region, indicating that they have a close relationship with each other. The mud diapirs and gas chimneys and associated high-angle faults provide favourable vertical pathways for the hydrocarbons migrating from deep strata to shallow natural gas hydrate stability zones where natural gas hydrates accumulate; however, some BSRs are characterized by weak amplitude and poor continuity, which can be affected by high temperature and overpressure in the process of the mud diapir and gas chimney activities. This mutually restricting relationship must be taken into consideration in the process of gas hydrate exploration in QDNB.     

基于扩展有限元方法的裂隙岩体冻胀力理论与数值研究

为研究寒区裂隙岩体内冻胀力的变化规律, 从单裂隙入手, 基于弹性力学、 水冰相变理论以及质量守恒关系, 建立了考虑未冻水含量及水分迁移的冻胀力求解模型; 利用MATLAB平台编制程序, 采用扩展有限元方法（XFEM）计算得到了裂隙内冻胀力随冻结时间的演化规律。采用有效体积膨胀系数法计算得到的冻胀力数值解与理论模型计算结果以及其他学者的试验结果吻合较好, 并分析了水冰相变下裂隙尖端应力场, 数值计算结果与理论解吻合较好, 验证了数值方法的可靠性; 通过分析影响冻胀力发展的因素, 指出岩石弹性模量和裂隙几何形状是控制裂隙内冻胀力演化的两个重要因素。     

河北承德锗元素生态地球化学特征及其与道地药材黄芩适生关系

道地药材生长与生态地球化学研究对实现中医药科学化和标准化具有重要意义。从承德市滦河流域与金沟屯和五道岭典型研究区阐明区域尺度和不同地质建造区Ge元素地球化学背景特征,结合多元统计采用基于Nb元素的质量迁移系数、化学蚀变指数CIA和残积系数RF、生物富集系数论述Ge元素在基岩-风化壳-土壤-黄芩系统中的迁移聚集规律,探讨Ge元素生态地球化学特征与道地药材黄芩的适生关系。结果表明：滦河流域表层土壤Ge元素平均含量为1.336 mg·kg^-1,43.54%土壤样品Ge元素含量属丰富—较丰富水平;金沟屯和五道岭区表层土壤Ge元素平均含量分别为1.352 mg·kg^-1和1.268 mg·kg^-1。不同地质建造和表层土壤Ge元素含量与TFe₂O₃含量显著相关,土壤含铁矿物对Ge元素具有吸附作用。Ge元素含量随岩土风化程度升高而增大,金沟屯区土壤风化程度高于五道岭区,土壤成熟度相对较高,Ge元素富集程度相对较高。岩石风化过程中Ge元素与TFe₂O₃、V、Ti、Co、P、Pb、Cu、Zn、Al₂O₃、SiO₂、K₂O、Na₂O质量迁移系数值相近,风化土壤与新鲜基岩Si和Ge含量发生明显分异,Ge元素主要来源于硅酸盐矿物风化过程中晶格破裂和金属硫化物矿物风化释放。金沟屯和五道岭黄芩Ge元素BCF平均值分别为0.014和0.020,黄芩根部对土壤Fe与Ge的吸收表现出明显的协同作用,土壤pH影响着Ge元素形态和生物有效性。区域土壤丰富的Fe、P和Sr元素含量为优质黄芩生长提供了有利条件;Fe族元素含量丰富,pH呈微碱性的沙壤质土壤为道地药材黄芩适宜生长和定向栽培种植区。