Re-evaluation of quartz vein history in the Dolgellau Gold-Belt,North Wales,United Kingdom

Conspicuous, gently inclined, lenticular quartz–carbonate veins with fibre-textured infills dissect the steep, gold-bearing quartz veins in the Dolgellau Gold-Belt. Similar quartz veins fill the necks of boudin-like structures affecting the main gold-bearing veins at Clogau mine. They also dissect the post-mineralization ENE–WSW ‘Clogau Stone’ dykes. The uniformly oriented regional cleavage shows marked deflection around the gently inclined quartz veins. These late quartz veins were emplaced whilst the mudstones of the Clogau Formation, which host the steep gold-bearing quartz veins, were undergoing ductile deformation. The stretching involved in the late vein and boudin development requires these structures to be contemporaneous with some stage in the development of the regional sub-vertical cleavage and upright fold system. The earlier gold-bearing veins show evidence of brittle fracture and still retain some drusy space-filling textures. Cleavage is deflected adjacent to these early veins and in breccia clasts within the veins. The rare minor folds seen in the gold-bearing quartz veins have axial planar cleavages. It is concluded that the gold-bearing veins pre-date cleavage development. Thus they were forming when large amounts of water were still available in the sedimentary sequence, removing the severe source and transport problems that are implicit in the previous view that the veins were post-tectonic. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry and Implications for the Mechanisms of Ore-Grade Gold Mineralization in Epithermal System, Lalab Orebody, Sibutad, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines

The Sibutad gold deposit has gold associated in quartz veins. The most important of these is the Lalab orebody, which contains ore‐grade gold, predominantly, in milky quartz veins and veinlets. Here, alteration quartz and fine‐grained crystalline clear and milky quartz were formed from hydrothermal fluids in three stages, namely stages I, II and III. Fluid inclusion microthermometry was carried out on stage I milky quartz, stage II fine‐grained alteration quartz and stage III milky quartz ± barite veins and veinlets. Homogenization temperatures (T_H) are >248°C in stage I, 214–232°C in stage II and 186–239°C in stage III. These fluid inclusions have salinity between 1 and 2 wt% NaCl equivalent. In terms of gold assay, stage I drill‐core samples have gold grades 0.53–0.76 g/ton Au, stage II samples have 1.12–3.70 g/ton Au and stage III samples have 9.06–23.88 g/ton Au. This correlation suggests that gold was precipitated from the stage II and III fluids.     

论川北砂岩型铀矿床方解石脉与铀矿成矿关系

对以303和1210两矿床为代表的川北砂岩型铀矿床的野外调查、方解石脉的岩矿鉴定、包裹体测试、微量元素和铀含量分析、脉体与矿化围岩蚀变关系的研究得出:方解石脉由中低温热水充填裂隙形成,热水同时活化汲取围岩中的铀,搬迁到构造裂隙发育、富含有机质的地段再沉淀富集。迭加成矿,川北砂岩型铀矿床为热水改造成因     

辽南石英岩板岩区基岩地下水富集规律及富水点位的研究

文章从辽东半岛南部石英岩板岩区地下水富水不均的特点出发，论述了基岩地下水富集规律：贮存在蓄水构造中，汇集在集水网络里，运移富集在充水脉络交接、结点处。进一步对水文物探各类富水曲线进行了分类，概括富水异常特征。结合多年实际勘测成果，论证了依据“结点异常”确定富水点位。     

内蒙古巴林左旗双尖子山矿区近矿蚀变斑岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf 同位素特征及其地质意义

双尖子山矿床位于大兴安岭南段,巴林左旗境内,是我国近年来新发现的一个超大型银多金属矿床。为了确定矿区内与矿体空间关系密切的蚀变斑岩与银多金属矿化在成因上的联系,及其物质来源特点,本文对其进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素的综合研究。结果表明,矿区内出露的近矿蚀变斑岩的形成时代为248.3±1.2 Ma,属早三叠世岩浆作用的产物。该岩体形成于银多金属矿化之前,在成因上上与银多金属矿化并没有直接的联系。锆石原位Lu-Hf 同位素分析结果表明,双尖子山矿区早三叠世蚀变斑岩的n(176Hf)/n(177Hf) 值在0.282805~0.282993452之间,εHf(t)值介于6.3~12.9之间。锆石Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄（TDM2）的峰值年龄集中在528 Ma到631 Ma之间,显示出亏损地幔或新生地壳来源的特征。     

北塔山地区石英脉红外光密度特征及其意义

新疆北塔山东南部及小哈甫提克地区石英脉中Ｈ２Ｏ的相对光密度绝大部分大于１．０大部分在３～５之产变化,ＣＯ２的相对光密度大于０．１,大部分在０．３～０．５之间的变化,随着石英脉中Ｈ２Ｏ的相对光密度平均值由于２．５０→３．９５→４．８７,Ｈ２Ｏ与ＣＯ２的相对光密度比值的平均值由６．４３→７．２０→１３．３４,金的平均含量由零逐渐升高,含金石英脉由近地表深部,Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣＯ２相对光密度平均值分别为４．９５     

胶东新类型金矿——辽上黄铁矿碳酸盐脉型金矿

辽上矿区深部金矿勘查取得大的突破,分析矿体产出规律及矿石特征,发现为新类型金矿——"辽上式"金矿,即受构造控制的黄铁矿碳酸盐脉型金矿。矿体赋存于北东向破碎蚀变带中,具厚度大、品位高的特点。容矿围岩为古元古代荆山群变质岩及中生代花岗岩,受构造影响破碎,发生强交代蚀变,黄铁矿和碳酸盐矿物为含金载体,呈细脉、微细脉沿张裂隙充填成矿。该类型的提出,对在胶东东部地区金矿找矿具有重要指导作用。     

Numerical modelling of mechanical controls on coeval steep and shallow dipping auriferous quartz vein formation in a thrust zone,Macraes mine,New Zealand

The Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone (HMSZ) is a regionally continuous, low-angle, NE dipping (~15°) late-metamorphic thrust zone in the Mesozoic Otago Schist. The shear zone, which is host to large volumes of mineralised schist, consists of foliated fissile schist with some massive schist pods. Two sets of quartz veins are found within the HMSZ: thrust-related, shallowly dipping veins that were emplaced parallel or sub-parallel to the shears and swarms of steeply dipping extensional veins, which cut across the metamorphic foliation. The latter are restricted to the massive schist pods. Mutual cross-cutting relationships occur between steep extensional veins and shallow-dipping veins, suggesting that they formed contemporaneously. The co-existence of these two vein types locally implies local rotation of the principal stress axes to produce extensional veins within a regional thrust setting. The steep extensional veins are spatially related to lateral and oblique ramps within the HMSZ. Three-dimensional mechanical models show that these lateral or oblique ramps can produce favourable conditions for extensional vein formation when combined with a high fluid pressure and oblique convergence. Mechanical requirements include a reduced differential stress, a positive volumetric strain and an increase in the horizontal shear stress. Our models show that under certain conditions, it is possible for extension-related structures to form during shortening because of local changes in the stress state without the need for a regional scale switch in the imposed stress field. The convergence direction across the HMSZ during formation of the steep extensional veins was ~WNW.     

Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Utanobori Gold Deposit in Northern Hokkaido,Japan

The Utanobori gold deposit is a low‐sulfidation, epithermal vein‐type deposit located in northern Hokkaido, Japan. The deposit is hosted by conglomerate, sandstone, and tuff of the Middle to Late Miocene Esashi Formation. These rocks were hydrothermally altered. Silica sinters and quartz‐adularia veins are common in the deposit. The quartz‐adularia veins either contain a ginguro band, which corresponds to the main gold‐bearing vein (Type 1 Veins), or do not contain a ginguro band but contain minor adularia (Type 2 Veins). Type 1 Veins are divided into three stages with 12–14 substages. Ore minerals identified include electrum, naumannite, chlorargyrite, bromargyrite, an unidentified Fe‐Sb mineral, and an Fe‐(Sb)‐As mineral. These ore minerals formed in the main mineralization stages I (bands I‐b and I‐d) and II (band II‐a). Scanning electron microscopy with cathodoluminescence images show that cathodoluminescence‐dark microcrystalline quartz exhibiting colloform (ghost‐sphere) texture is closely associated with ore minerals in the Type 1 Vein and Type 2 Vein, and the Al and K contents of such quartz are commonly >1000 ppm. This indicates that the ore minerals were crystallized from alkaline, silica‐saturated fluids at temperatures <200°C, which initially deposited amorphous silica that was recrystallized to microcrystalline quartz. The average Au content of electrum is 52.5 at% Au (n = 10), 65.7 at% Au (n = 20), and 55.5 at% Au (n = 5) in bands I‐b, I‐d, and II‐a, respectively, of Type 1 Veins. The δ³⁴S_CDT values of two fine‐grained disseminated pyrites in the altered conglomerate and bedded tuff in the argillic altered zone are ?4.3 and ?4.2‰. Ar‐Ar dating on adularia yielded 13.6 ± 0.06 Ma, 13.6 ± 0.07 Ma, and 13.6 ± 0.06 Ma for the stages I, II, and III of the Type 1 Vein, respectively. K‐Ar ages determined on adularia in the silica sinter and on whole‐rock of glassy rhyolite of the Esashi Formation are 15.0 ± 0.4 Ma and 14.6 ± 0.4 Ma, respectively. These radiometric ages indicate that silica sinter associated with the rhyolitic volcanic rocks formed prior to the main gold mineralization.