The potential of portable luminescence readers in geomorphological investigations: a review

The development of functional portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) readers over the last decade has provided practitioners with the capability to acquire luminescence signals from geological materials relatively rapidly, which allows for expedient preliminary chronostratigraphic insight when working with complex depositional systems of late Quaternary age. Typically, when using the portable OSL reader, infrared (IR) or blue post-IR OSL signals are acquired from bulk unprocessed materials, in contrast to regular luminescence dating, which is usually based on measurements on pure quartz or feldspar mineral separates, or on select silt-sized polymineralic portions. To demonstrate the utility of portable OSL measurements, this paper outlines the basic features of portable OSL readers and their constraints. Subsequently, case studies in which the instrument has been used to elucidate cryptostratigraphic variations in sedimentary sequences for geomorphological applications are reviewed. The studies can generally be grouped into three main categories. The first includes studies where the variation of portable OSL reader luminescence signal intensities with depth are plotted to generate profiles that contextualize sediment stratigraphy. In the second group, portable OSL reader luminescence signal intensities are used to interpret sediment processes that shed light on depositional histories. In the last category, luminescence signals from the portable OSL reader are calibrated to approximate numerical burial ages of depositional units. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible future directions. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Crustal structure of Atlantic fracture zones–II. The Vema fracture zone and transverse ridge

Summary. The crustal structure beneath the Vema fracture zone and its flanking transverse ridge was determined from seismic refraction profiles along the fracture zone valley and across the ridge. Relatively normal oceanic crust, but with an upwarped seismic Moho, was found under the transverse ridge. We suggest that the transverse ridge represents a portion of tectonically uplifted crust without a major root or zone of serpentinite diapirism beneath it. A region of anomalous crust associated with the fracture zone itself extends about 20 km to either side of the central fault, gradually decreasing in thickness as the fracture zone is approached. There is evidence to suggest that the thinnest crust is found beneath the edges of the 20 km wide fracture zone valley. Under the fracture zone valley the crust is generally thinner than normal oceanic crust and is also highly anomalous in its velocity structure. Seismic layer 3 is absent, and the seismic velocities are lower than normal. The absence of layer 3 indicates that normal magmatic accretionary processes are considerably modified in the vicinity of the transform fault. The low velocities are probably caused by the accumulation of rubble and talus and by the extensive faulting and fracturing associated with the transform fault. This same fracturing allows water to penetrate through the crust, and the apparently somewhat thicker crust beneath the central part of the fracture zone valley may be explained by the resultant serpentinization having depressed the seismic Moho below its original depth.     

QY-3型轻便取样钻机的研制

QY-3型轻便取样钻机是为满足地质大调查的需要而研制的。介绍了其主要结构、功能特点、技术参数及设计思路，并对离合器的相关计算进行了分析。最后介绍了钻机的试验情况及需要改进的地方。     

电磁驱动可控震源与夯击震源对比研究

地震勘探对地下地质结构的调查是一种行之有效的方法，但由于条件的限制，有些地区不适合采用炸药震源，而且炸药震源费用高，危险大，所以采用电磁驱动可控震源，为验证可控震源野外工作的稳定性，可靠性，有效性，在河北省迁安大石河铁矿进行了实际探测，通过与夯击震源对比，可控震源较夯击震源具有更高的分辨率，并可以自由选择频率范围。     

蓝牙技术在便携式伽玛射线全谱仪中应用可行性研究

作者在本文中分析了现有便携式伽玛能谱仪在实际应用中所存在的问题，剖析了最新的蓝牙通信技术，探讨了蓝牙技术在解决该仪器所存在的问题的可行性。     

电磁式可控震源与大地耦合的研究

目前国内各大油田采用的可控震源 ,主要以车载液压式为主 ,频率低 ,重量大。耦合方式是把整车的重量压在激震器基板上 ,由于整车的重量远大于激振器的输出力 ,所以耦合效果较好。通过物理工程建模 ,研究了激震器所输出的力与底座、弹簧、配重的关系。使得实际工作中可以避免激震器与大地脱耦 ,实现在浅层地震勘探时将激震器产生的力最大限度的传入地下 ,并减少了系统的重量     

Crustal structure and transform margin development south of Svalbard based on ocean bottom seismometer data

The Barents Sea is located in the northwestern corner of the Eurasian continent, where the crustal terrain was assembled in the Caledonian orogeny during Late Ordovician and Silurian times. The western Barents Sea margin developed primarily as a transform margin during the early Tertiary. In the northwestern part south of Svalbard, multichannel reflection seismic lines have poor resolution below the Permian sequence, and the early post-orogenic development is not well known here. In 1998, an ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) survey was collected southwest to southeast of the Svalbard archipelago. One profile was shot across the continental transform margin south of Svalbard, which is presented here. P-wave modeling of the OBS profile indicates a Caledonian suture in the continental basement south of Svalbard, also proposed previously based on a deep seismic reflection line coincident with the OBS profile. The suture zone is associated with a small crustal root and westward dipping mantle reflectivity, and it marks a boundary between two different crystalline basement terrains. The western terrain has low (6.2–6.45 km s⁻¹) P-wave velocities, while the eastern has higher (6.3–6.9 km s⁻¹) velocities. Gravity modeling agrees with this, as an increased density is needed in the eastern block. The S-wave data predict a quartz-rich lithology compatible with felsic gneiss to granite within and west of the suture zone, and an intermediate lithological composition to the east. A geological model assuming westward dipping Caledonian subduction and collision can explain the missing lower crust in the western block by subduction erosion of the lower crust, as well as the observed structuring. Due to the transform margin setting, the tectonic thinning of the continental block during opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea is restricted to the outer 35 km of the continental block, and the continent–ocean boundary (COB) can be located to within 5 km in our data. Distinct from the outer high commonly observed on transform margins, the upper part of the continental crust at the margin is dominated by two large, rotated down-faulted blocks with throws of 2–3 km on each fault, apparently formed during the transform margin development. Analysis of the gravity field shows that these faults probably merge to one single fault to the south of our profile, and that the downfaulting dominates the whole margin segment from Spitsbergen to Bjørnøya. South of Bjørnøya, the faulting leaves the continental margin to terminate as a graben 75 km south of the island. Adjacent to the continental margin, there is no clear oceanic layer 2 seismic signature. However, the top basement velocity of 6.55 km s⁻¹ is significantly lower than the high (7 km s⁻¹) velocity reported earlier from expanding spread profiles (ESPs), and we interpret the velocity structure of the oceanic crust to be a result of a development induced by the 7–8-km-thick sedimentary overburden.     

基于轻便型移动测量系统的城市三维建模技术研究

轻便型移动测量系统能高效率、高速度地采集道路两旁丰富的地物信息,可以为城市三维建模提供丰富、准确的基础点云数据。本文结合系统构成、工作原理、全景影像采集及点云数据采集的特点,研究了基于轻便型移动测量系统的城市三维建模技术解决方案,满足了实际工程需要。     

便携式全液压钻机在秦岭地区地质钻探中的应用

本文介绍了便携式全液压钻机在秦岭地区固体矿产地质钻探中的应用情况,简述了EP600系列钻机基本概况与钻探工艺,结合不同工区11个钻孔分析了地层岩石级别与钻进施工效率的关系。针对该钻机在钻进效率、功率损耗、施工能力等方面的问题,通过合理选择（改进）钻头、降低钻杆孔内摩阻力及采用轻型高强钻杆等有效措施或建议,初步取得了较好的试验效果。提出了便携式全液压钻机的适用条件和优势,该钻机在地层岩石可钻性级别7级以下的浅孔（孔深<350 m）中钻进效率高,在复杂地形环境中具有搬迁便捷、组装快、环境破坏少的特点,满足了生态环境保护政策和绿色勘查工作相关要求,钻探综合经济成本明显降低。对于尚未解决的问题,给出了合理工作建议,为下步更好地发挥便携式全液压钻机效能起到了积极的指导与借鉴意义。     

便携式X射线荧光元素分析仪的应用

利用NITON XL3t 500型便携式X射线荧光光谱仪,选择云南会泽县金牛厂铅锌矿区进行样品分析条件试验.试验中分别对实验室分析与X射线荧光光谱仪分析结果,以及不同湿度条件下分析结果进行了对比研究,确定了最佳的应用条件.结果表明,实验室分析与X射线荧光光谱仪分析结果相近,但湿度因素会降低元素含量.所以应用便携式X荧光光谱仪进行试验不失为一种方便快捷和行之有效的方法.