基于绿色勘查的浅钻技术在浅覆盖区填图中的应用研究

绿色勘查是实现资源保障与生态保护并举的唯一选择。本文结合浅钻技术在内蒙古中东部荒漠草原浅覆盖区填图项目中的施工实践,初步总结了一套基于绿色勘查的浅覆盖区填图钻探技术方法体系,包括机动轻便钻机具、环保冲洗液、钻探与测井技术综合应用、以钻代槽及钻探施工组织管理等技术方法,并对存在的不足进行了探讨,为绿色勘查技术的发展提供了支撑。     

土壤中铁元素对铬元素p-XRF测定准确度的影响与校正

便携式X射线荧光光谱仪（p-XRF）能够快速检测土壤中的铬元素,但由于土壤成分复杂、基体效应不明,导致其检测准确度较低。铁元素作为土壤基体中的主量元素,在不同类型土壤中含量变化范围大,是影响铬元素p-XRF测定准确度的主要元素之一,深入研究铁元素对铬元素荧光强度的影响有助于提高p-XRF测定土壤中铬元素的准确度。本文以人工配置的铬-铁土壤样品研究铬元素荧光强度与铬元素含量和铁元素含量的变化关系,采用经验公式校正铁元素对铬元素p-XRF分析准确度的影响。结果表明：土壤样品中的铁元素含量固定不变时,铬元素的含量与其相应的特征X射线荧光强度呈线性变化,相关系数均在0.9990以上,且铬元素荧光强度的增长速率随着土壤中铁元素含量的增加而增大;另外通过对同一铬含量、不同铁含量土壤样品的研究,验证了铁元素对铬元素的荧光增强效应,并发现该增强效应还与铁、铬元素的相互作用有关。结合铬、铁元素基体效应研究结果,本文建立了铁元素对铬元素p-XRF测定的校正方程式,相比于普通的线性回归,该方法的相关系数从0.9011提高到了0.9986,硅藻土样品的p-XRF分析平均相对误差从21.94%下降至2.52%,实际土壤样品的p-XRF分析平均相对误差从51.02%下降至5.21%。     

潮汕坳陷中生代沉积的折射波2D速度结构和密度

2006年秋,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所在东沙隆起和潮汕（潮南）坳陷完成了OBS2006-3剖面。在整条剖面速度模型的基础上,采用2D层析成像方法,对潮汕（潮南）坳陷区7个站位的中生界折射震相进行了精细的反演成像。结果表明,坳陷内可分3个沉积层,前两层是新生代沉积,速度分别为2.2 km/s和3.6 km/s,厚度较小,不超过2 km。中生代沉积地层的速度从顶部的4.4 km/s向下逐渐增加到底部的5.4 km/s,厚度较大,最厚处为8 km左右。坳陷内速度是比较均匀地随深度增加的,成水平层状分布。重力反演表明,潮汕坳陷中生代沉积的平均密度为2.45 g/cm3,地壳密度为2.86 g/cm3,下地壳高速层密度为3.05 g/cm3,莫霍面下面的上地幔密度为3.32 g/cm3。     

便携式伽玛全谱测量仪在环境工程中的初步应用研究

作者简述了放射性测量的基本原理以及 CD- 1 0型便携式伽玛全谱测量仪的体系结构及其应用软件结构 ,介绍采用便携式伽玛全谱仪在某地环境工程中的初步应用     

Can sand dunes be used to study historic storm events?

Knowing the long‐term frequency of high magnitude storm events that cause coastal inundation is critical for present coastal management, especially in the context of rising sea levels and potentially increasing frequency and severity of storm events. Coastal sand dunes may provide a sedimentary archive of past storm events from which long‐term frequencies of large storms can be reconstructed. This study uses novel portable optically stimulated luminescence (POSL) profiles from coastal dunes to reconstruct the sedimentary archive of storm and surge activity for Norfolk, UK. Application of POSL profiling with supporting luminescence ages and particle size analysis to coastal dunes provides not only information of dunefield evolution but also on past coastal storms. In this study, seven storm events, two major, were identified from the dune archive spanning the last 140 years. These appear to correspond to historical reports of major storm surges. Dunes appear to be only recording (at least at the sampling resolution used here) the highest storm levels that were associated with significant flooding. As such the approach seems to hold promise to obtain a better understanding of the frequency of large storms by extending the dune archive records further back to times when documentation of storm surges was sparse. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

一种新型便携式旋桨流速仪

介绍了一种新型BH-1型便携式旋桨流速仪,主要由自主研制的流速传感器、手持式主机及微机数据回放处理软件三部分组成.其传感器采用独特的导流筒和导流罩结构设计,增加了系统的抗干扰能力,有效提高了测量准确性.应用单片机技术实现了数据的实时检测与处理,多路存储以及瞬时测量流量功能.通过静态试验标定,表明该流速仪测量范围(0.04～4)m/s,非线性误差为0.874%.该流速仪结构新颖、使用轻巧方便、稳定可靠,已广泛应用于国家海洋局对陆源入海排污口排污监测和海洋环境管理工作中.     

OSMAR-S100便携式高频地波雷达海浪和海面风探测性能分析

OSMAR-S系列便携式高频地波雷达系统采用单极子/交叉环紧凑型天线阵,通过单站雷达即可实现有效探测距离约10km内海浪和海面风的单点观测。为了更好地了解OSMAR-S100雷达系统海浪和海面风的综合探测性能,于2013年1月29日至3月7日在台湾海峡西南部海域进行了雷达与浮标观测的对比试验,得到了有效波高、有效波周期、平均风速和平均风向数据。对比结果表明,OSMAR-S100便携式高频地波雷达可有效观测距雷达10km以内有效波高0.5m以上的海浪平均状况和平均风速5m/s以上的海面风,雷达反演有效波高和有效波周期的均方根误差分别为0.60m和1.60s,反演平均风速和平均风向的均方根误差为1.83m/s和16.7°。在未经区域化标定的情况下,此结果说明了该型雷达产品已初步具备了海浪和海面风的业务化观测水平。     

近景摄影测量中活动控制系统的设计与实现

应边坡岩体结构面几何信息测量的需要,设计并制作了一套活动控制系统。经过实验验证,制作的活动控制系统结构稳定,携带方便,控制点成像清晰,活动控制架在室内的控制点点位中误差为 ± 2 mm,在野外环境下控制点点位中误差为± 3. 5 mm。可为近景摄影测量提供快速有效控制,满足近景摄影测量中被测目标测量的精度需要,可作为近景摄影测量获取低矮边坡岩体结构面信息的有效控制。     

便携式X荧光分析仪在萤石矿勘查中的应用

在赤峰市林西县水头萤石矿区,利用便携式X荧光分析仪对第四系浅覆盖区进行隐伏萤石矿体探测的有效性试验。通过测量数据分析及与已知矿体的对比证明,在浅覆盖区利用X荧光分析仪勘查隐伏萤石体是有效的。该结论为便携式X荧光仪在勘查隐伏萤石矿体中的应用提供了重要依据。     

The potential of portable luminescence readers in geomorphological investigations: a review

The development of functional portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) readers over the last decade has provided practitioners with the capability to acquire luminescence signals from geological materials relatively rapidly, which allows for expedient preliminary chronostratigraphic insight when working with complex depositional systems of late Quaternary age. Typically, when using the portable OSL reader, infrared (IR) or blue post-IR OSL signals are acquired from bulk unprocessed materials, in contrast to regular luminescence dating, which is usually based on measurements on pure quartz or feldspar mineral separates, or on select silt-sized polymineralic portions. To demonstrate the utility of portable OSL measurements, this paper outlines the basic features of portable OSL readers and their constraints. Subsequently, case studies in which the instrument has been used to elucidate cryptostratigraphic variations in sedimentary sequences for geomorphological applications are reviewed. The studies can generally be grouped into three main categories. The first includes studies where the variation of portable OSL reader luminescence signal intensities with depth are plotted to generate profiles that contextualize sediment stratigraphy. In the second group, portable OSL reader luminescence signal intensities are used to interpret sediment processes that shed light on depositional histories. In the last category, luminescence signals from the portable OSL reader are calibrated to approximate numerical burial ages of depositional units. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible future directions. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.