贺根山豆荚状铬铁矿中硅酸盐包体及其地质意义

贺根山豆荚状铬铁矿是典型的高Al型铬铁矿(Cr#=47.8～54.9,Mg#=64.1～73.7),其中的包体以硅酸盐矿物为主(包括橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、韭闪石、钠长石).根据包体形状、矿物组合及分布特征可将其划分为三类.第一类包体呈孤立单矿物相,主要包括橄榄石和单斜辉石,第二类包体由平衡共生的单斜辉石和斜方辉石构成,上述两类包体均具有被熔蚀的边,且零星分布在尖晶石中,属于捕虏晶成因.第三类包体属于熔融包体,具有多边形外形,包含复杂的矿物相并密集分布于尖晶石核部.利用尖晶石颗粒内部保存完好的单斜辉石以及单斜辉石和斜方辉石包体估算的温度(1148～1254℃)与压力(490～1290 MPa)表明,贺根山豆荚状铬铁矿矿床的形成深度为16～43 km.熔融包体中含大量钠长石和韭闪石,指示铬铁矿母熔体富集H2 O、Na和Si.与铬铁矿平衡母熔体的Al2 O3含量(15.4％～16.3％)、TiO2含量(0.3％～0.9％)和FeO/MgO比值(0.6～1.1)与低Ti拉斑玄武质熔体的类似.利用尖晶石和橄榄石包体计算获得铬铁矿原始熔体的Mg O含量为～19.8％.贺根山豆荚状铬铁矿经历了深部预富集和浅部成矿两个阶段,其中浅部成矿作用涉及熔体与方辉橄榄岩反应以及演化的熔体与原始熔体混合等过程.     

芬兰科密铬铁矿床研究新进展

芬兰科密铬铁矿床是欧洲规模最大的铬铁矿床。对该矿床的地质背景、矿床特征、矿床成因及找矿标志进行了总结。结果表明,该矿床与古元古代层状超镁铁质杂岩体具有密切的时空分布关系,杂岩体内的铬铁矿床具典型的层状堆积特征,矿层延伸稳定。由于Cr/Fe值较低,该矿床矿石品位在世界同类矿床中属偏低水平。同位素年代学证据表明,其形成于古元古代早期（2.44 Ga）,是由卡累利阿造山作用诱发多期次岩浆侵入活动并与新太古代基底岩层发生混染作用形成的。科密铬铁矿床属于层状铬铁矿床,其地质特征与中国目前已发现的豆荚状或似层状铬铁矿床存在一定区别。     

Magma Mixing as a Trigger for Sulphide Saturation in the UG2 Chromitite (Bushveld): Evidence from the Silicate and Sulphide Melt Inclusions in Chromite

It is of great importance to understand the origin of UG2 chromitite reefs and reasons why some chromitite reefs contain relatively high contents of platinum group elements(PGEs: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh,Pt, Pd) or highly siderophile elements(HSEs: Au, Re, PGE). This paper documents sulphide-silicate assemblages enclosed in chromite grains from the UG2 chromitite. These are formed as a result of crystallisation of sulphide and silicate melts that are trapped during chromite crystallisation. The inclusions display negative crystal shapes ranging from several micrometres to 100 μm in size.Interstitial sulphide assemblages lack pyrrhotite and consist of chalcopyrite, pentlandite and some pyrite. The electron microprobe data of these sulphides show that the pentlandite grains present in some of the sulphide inclusions have a significantly higher iron(Fe) and lower nickel(Ni) content than the pentlandite in the rock matrix. Pyrite and chalcopyrite show no difference. The contrast in composition between inter-cumulus plagioclase(An_(68)) and plagioclase enclosed in chromite(An_(13)), as well as the presence of quartz, is consistent with the existence of a felsic melt at the time of chromite saturation.Detailed studies of HSE distribution in the sulphides and chromite were conducted by LA-ICP-MS(laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry), which showed the following.(Ⅰ) Chromite contained no detectable HSE in solid solution.(Ⅱ) HSE distribution in sulphide assemblages interstitial to chromite was variable. In general, Pd, Rh, Ru and Ir occurred dominantly in pentlandite, whereas Os,Pt and Au were detected only in matrix sulphide grains and were clearly associated with Bi and Te.(Ⅲ)In the sulphide inclusions,(a) pyrrhotite did not contain any significant amount of HSE,(b) chalcopyrite contained only some Rh compared to the other sulphides,(c) pentlandite was the main host for Pd,(d)pyrite contained most of the Ru, Os, Ir and Re,(e) Pt and Rh were closely associated with Bi forming a continuous rim between pyrite and pentlandite and(f) no Au was detected. These results show that the use of ArF excimer laser to produce high-resolution trace element maps provides information that cannot be obtained by conventional(spot) LA-ICP-MS analysis or trace element maps that use relatively large beam diameters.