GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS IN JINCHUAN SUPER-LARGE SULFIDE COPPER-NICKEL DEPOSIT, JINCHANG CITY, GANSU PROVINCE, CHINA

The platinum-group element geochemistry of rocks and ores from Jinchuan super-large copper-nickel sulfide deposit is systemically studied in this paper. The Cu/Pd mean ratio of Jinchuan intrusion is lower than that of original mantle magma, which indicates that these ultrabasic rocks were crystallized from magma that lost Pd in the form of melting segregation of sulfides. The PGE of the rocks show trend of partial melting, similar to that of mantle peridotite, which shows that magma formation occurs during rock-forming and ore-forming processes. The chondrite normalized PGE patterns of the rocks and ores are well related to each other, which signifies the signatures of multi-episode magmatic intrusion, melting and differentiation in the formation processes of rocks and ores. In addition, analyses about the relation between PGE and S, and study on Re-Os isotopes indicate that few contamination of the crustal substances occurred during the magmatic intrusion and the formation of deposit. However, contamination by crustal substances helps to supply part of the S for the enrichment of PGE. Meanwhile, the hydrothermal process is also advantageous for the enrichment of PGE, especially lbr Pt and Pd, due to deep melting segregation. The characteristic parameters （such as Pt/（Pt＋Pd）, （Pt＋Pd）/（Ru＋Ir＋Os）, Pd/Ir, Cu/（Ni＋Cu）, and so on.） for platinum-group elements for Jinchuan sulfide copper-nickel deposit show the same features as those for sulfide copper-nickel deposit related to basic magma, which also illustrates its original magma property representative of Mg-high tholeiite. Therefore, it is the marie （not ultramafic） magma that resulted in the formation of the superlarge sulfide copper-nickel deposit enriched in Cu and PGE. To sum up, the geochemical characteristics of platinum-group elements in rocks and ores from Jinchuan copper-nickel sulfide deposit are constrained by the continental rift tectonic environment, the parent magma features, the enriched mantel magma source, the complex metallogenesis and PGE geochemical signatures, and this would be rather significant for the study about the genetic mechanism of copper-nickel sulfide deposits.     

金川镍铜铂硫化物矿床矿石成因——来自铂族元素地球化学的证据

对金川镍铜铂硫化物矿床Ⅰ、Ⅱ矿区主矿体典型钻孔中的不同类型矿石进行了系统观察和铂族元素分布特征研究。金川矿床中星点状矿石、网状矿石、块状矿石PGE 总量依次降低,由西至东24 号、1 号、2 号矿体的PGE 总量亦具渐次降低趋势。形成块状矿石的硫化物熔体PGE 分异作用较星点状和网状矿石更充分; 块状矿石铂族元素分布特征显示其受晚期硫化物熔体分离结晶和单硫化物固溶体( MSS) 分离作用控制。研究结果表明: 星点状矿石是岩浆分离结晶过程中较快速度冷凝和就地硫化物熔离的结果; 而网状矿石可能是硫化物熔体经深部熔离但未经充分的硫化物分离结晶作用贯入的产物; 块状矿石成因定量模拟结果排除了R 因子控制作用,不同矿体中块状矿石由不同程度的单硫化物固溶体( MSS) 分离结晶所形成。     

微波消解-双浊点萃取ICP-MS测定地球化学样品中的痕量铂钯钌铑

传统浊点萃取技术是将待测元素富集在黏稠的表面活性剂相中,溶液的黏度会对等离子体检测信号产生影响,通常使用甲醇作为稀释剂降低有机相黏度,有机成分也对等离子体的稳定性产生影响,同时有机物在进样管路上的吸附还会提高待测元素的记忆效应,因而限制了ICP-MS在浊点萃取中的应用。本文建立了双浊点萃取技术ICP-MS测定地球化学样品中铂钯钌铑的分析方法。样品用微波消解处理后,以DDTP为螯合剂,Triton X-114为表面活性剂,对消解溶液第一次浊点萃取,再在有机相中加入硝酸,通过加热完成第二次浊点萃取,使铂钯钌铑由有机相进入水相,铂钯钌铑的富集因子分别为45、33、18和35,高于单次浊点萃取的富集因子,ICP-MS检出限分别为0.05、0.02、0.10和0.03 μg/L。本方法通过两次浊点萃取过程实现了基体复杂的地球化学样品中痕量铂族元素的同时富集,提高了ICP-MS的稳定性。     

废重整催化剂中铂的分光光度法的测定

分光光度法测定用于废氧化铝载体铂催化剂中铂含量。铂被还原成铂黑从杂质中分离出，用王水溶解形成六氯铂酸盐酸溶液，加入氯化亚锡形成橙黄色络合物溶液在４０３ｎｍ进行测定。对该方法的回收率，钼存在对测定的影响进行了研究，方法回收率９８～１０２％，在１０－６数量级，即使钼浓度与铂浓度相等并不影响铂的测定     

富Co铁锰结壳铂族元素与铼-锇同位素组成及其意义

用ICP－MS测定了太平洋富Co铁锰结壳铂族元素和铼－锇同位素组成。富Co铁锰结壳不仅异常富集铂族元素，而且铂族元素及其它亲铁元素的配发与陨石特征非常相似。铁锰结壳的铼－锇同位素组成明显有别于大陆地壳岩石，和K－T界线沉积物相似，接近陨石值。世界大洋范围内的富Co铁锰结壳均产于远离海底构造热液活动区，几乎不可能受到地幔源热液作用的直接影响。因此，富Co铁锰结壳中的铂族元素可能部分来源于地外物质。     

黑色页岩样品中痕量级铂族元素地球化学成分标准物质研制

介绍了黑色页岩样品中6个铂族元素铂、钯、钌、锇、铑、铱的标准物质研制过程。黑色页岩样品采自贵州黄家湾,为一次采集、一次混样的原始样品,随机抽取包装好后的样品进行检验与定值。均匀性、稳定性符合要求后,按照国际标准化组织(ISO)34、35指南的基本要求和我国一级标准物质的技术规范,采用多个实验室协同测试的定值方式,利用不同原理的分析方法对此样品的6个铂族元素进行定值。以各实验室组数据作为最小统计单元,用Grubbs准则、Dixon法检验剔除离群数据,Shapiro-Wilk法检验各元素数据分布的正态性。检验结果100%的元素呈正态或近似正态分布。定值的6个元素均符合标准值水平。     

铂矿标准物质的核分析方法研究

针对铂矿标样基体中高铜、高镍、高硫等特点．对常规的镍锍试金预处理中子活化分析流程作了适当改进，包括铂矿样品的灼烧、调节试金配方、改变酸溶条件和仪器测试条件。流程中铂族元素的回收率均在86％以上。用南非的铂矿标准物质SARM7和我国的铜镍硫化物铂族元素标准物质975作了对照分析,结果与标准值相符。表明改进后的流程适用于同类含铂铜镍矿样品中铂族元素的测试。     

A climatic control on the accretion of meteoric and super-chondritic iridium–platinum to the Antarctic ice cap

Meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) form through the vaporization of meteoroids and the subsequent re-condensation of metallic species in the mesosphere. Recently, iridium and platinum enrichments have been identified in Greenland ice layers and attributed to the fallout of MSPs supplying polar latitudes with cosmic matter during the Holocene. However, the MSP fallout to Antarctica during the Earth's climatic history remains essentially unknown.

We have determined iridium and platinum in deep Antarctic ice from Dome C and Vostok dated back to 240 kyrs BP. We find high super-chondritic fluxes during warm periods and low meteoric accretion during glacial times, a pattern that is opposite to any known climatic variation in dust fallout to polar regions. The proposed explanation of this accretion regime is a weaker polar vortex during warm periods, allowing peripheral air masses enriched in volcanic iridium and platinum to penetrate inland to Antarctica. The MSP signal emerges only during cold phases and is four times lower than in the Greenland ice cap where more snow accumulates. This suggests that wet deposition is an important route of cosmic material to the Earth's surface.     

2—（5—溴—2—吡啶偶氮）—5—二甲氨基苯胺与铂显色反应的研究及应用

研究了显色剂２（５溴２吡啶偶氮）５二甲氨基苯胺（５ＢｒＰＡＤＭＡ）与Ｐｔ（Ⅱ）的显色反应。结果表明,在乙醇存在下,１０～３２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ３ＰＯ４介质中,试剂与Ｐｔ（Ⅱ）１５ｍｉｎ即形成稳定的紫蓝色配合物,并至少稳定２４ｈ。该配合物的最大吸收波长位于６２８ｎｍ处,表观摩尔吸光系数为８７３×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１,其组成为ｎＰｔ（Ⅱ）∶ｎ５ＢｒＰＡＤＭＡ＝１∶１,Ｐｔ（Ⅱ）的质量浓度在０～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ符合比尔定律。所拟方法用于二次合金管理样及催化剂中铂的直接测定,结果与推荐值相符,精密度好,ＲＳＤ＜０．５％（ｎ＝６）。     

中国泛滥平原沉积物中铂,钯丰度值及地球化学省的初步研究

根据中国泛滥平原沉积物中Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ的分析结果,求得泛监平原沉积物中的Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ近似丰度值分别为０．４６ｎｇ／ｇ和０．４０ｎｇ／ｇ。据泛监平原沉积物中Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ的空间分布模式初步圈出滇黔Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ地球化学省,新疆Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ地球化学省和西藏雅布江Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ地球化学省。