Seismic behaviour of steel plate shear wall systems with staggered web configurations

Unstiffened steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) are used as lateral load‐resisting systems in building structures. The energy dissipation mechanism of SPSWs consists of the tension yielding of web plates and the formation of plastic hinges at the ends of horizontal boundary elements. However, vertical boundary elements (VBEs) of high‐rise SPSWs may experience high axial forces under lateral loading. This study explores the effectiveness of staggering of web plates on the reduction of VBE forces and drift response of SPSWs during an earthquake event. An analytical study has been conducted to determine the base shear reduction factor so as to match the overstrength of staggered systems with conventional SPSWs. A design methodology has been proposed for staggered SPSWs. Six‐, 9‐, and 20‐storey staggered and conventional SPSWs with varying aspect ratios are considered in this study to compare their seismic response. These study frames are modelled and analysed in OpenSEES platform. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are performed to compare the drift response, hinge mechanisms, and steel tonnage. Staggered SPSWs showed uniform drift distribution and reduction in interstorey drift and axial force demand on the VBEs.     

钢结构建筑钢板外部震动下承载力有限元分析

传统钢结构建筑钢板外部震动下承载力分析方法,是基于总体钢板结构以及受力特征,获取载荷同振动频率间的关系,实现承载力的分析,并未对钢板同混凝土间的应力-应变关系进行分析,导致分析结果存在较高的偏差。提出新的钢结构建筑钢板外部震动下承载力有限元分析方法,将钢结构建筑钢板横截面简化成混凝土的矩形截面和波纹钢板的工字形梁截面,采用ANSYS有限元软件中的CONTACI2接触单元仿真分析钢板同混凝土两者的影响,分析混凝土及钢板的应力-应变关系、界面模块的应力-滑移关系,采用力平衡迭代法获取外部震动下钢板荷载增量;在上述基础工作上采用有限元软件,对外部震动下钢结构建筑钢板实施有限元接触单元建模及承载力分析。实验结果表明,该方法能够实现钢结构建筑钢板外部震动下承载力有限元分析,并且分析结果具有准确性高和效率高的优点。     

甘肃黑石山埃达克岩金矿床成矿模式初析

甘肃黑石山埃达克岩属O型埃达克岩,其岩石类型为奥长花岗岩。岩体位于黑石山穹隆南缘,西湾-苏家湾断裂北部上盘。在该埃达克岩体中发育有金矿床,矿床类型为含金石英脉型及蚀变花岗岩型。研究认为该矿床的形成主要经历了3个阶段：Ⅰ．次生洋板片俯冲并发生部分熔融形成埃达克质熔体;Ⅱ．熔体与地幔楔橄榄岩及幔源熔体的相互作用（金属的萃取）使熔体富集成矿元素;Ⅲ．熔体向上侵入成岩,后期构造运动及热液成矿作用使成矿元素活化迁移并最终富集成矿。     

太平洋板块俯冲对长白山天池火山的影响

长白山天池火山是我国最具潜在喷发危险的活火山之一,属于远离海沟的陆内火山.太平洋板块平卧于长白山天池火山的下方,其俯冲过程对长白山天池火山形成及活动具有重要意义.本文通过二维热力学耦合的数值模型对海洋板块俯冲的动力学过程进行了模拟,分析了海洋板块俯冲对远离海沟的陆内火山的深部温压条件、速度场、岩浆补给量等的影响.依据模拟结果探讨了太平洋板块对长白山天池火山活动影响的可能性及方式.     

菲律宾海板块西缘强震活动与地球自转角加速度变化关系研究

统计分析了1962~2016年菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块挤压带俯冲带强地震活动与地球自转角加速度变化间的关系。结果显示,研究时段菲律宾海板块西边缘带的25次强地震活动(MS≥7.5)有21次都发生在地球自转角加速度上升期,表明该地区强地震活动与地球自转角加速度之间存在相关性,最后讨论了这种相关性可能的力学机理。     

Novel mass-aggregation-based calibration of an acoustic method of monitoring bedload flux by infrequent desert flash floods

The monitoring of bedload flux under flash flood conditions has been successfully achieved since 1992 using slot samplers in the semiarid Nahal Eshtemoa. In the present study, a surrogate bedload monitoring technique - the Japanese plate microphone - has been deployed and calibrated against data from the slot samplers. Since a slot sampler has a sensitivity threshold that becomes especially important when transport rates are low, different averaging periods should be considered for high and low fluxes. In order to overcome the deficiencies of time-based aggregation used hitherto, we have developed a new method involving mass aggregation and commensurably variable intervals, thereby enabling a more accurate analysis and optimizing the bedload sampler's capabilities. The data derived with this new method has then been utilized to calibrate the Japanese plate microphone. The Eshtemoa is an ephemeral gravel bed channel with a high proportion of fine gravel (< 0.02 m); for these conditions, acoustic sensors have not been calibrated as yet. Two multiple linear regression models incorporating the effect of median bedload grain size on pulse rate have been established to predict bedload flux and cumulative transported bedload mass. The coefficients in these models are statistically significant. Good predictions are obtained for bedload flux (adj. r² = 0.83) and for cumulative bedload mass (adj. r² = 0.98) during flood recession. Overall, the multiple linear regression models, used in conjunction with the mass aggregation method of estimating bedload flux, suggest that field calibration of acoustic devices is feasible under these conditions for ca. 90% of the duration of bedload transport. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

框架-阻尼框筒结构附加阻尼比简化计算方法

针对框架-阻尼框筒新型减震结构体系,考虑钢板阻尼墙屈服后强化和框架弹塑性,推导了结构附加阻尼比简化计算公式。以某框架-阻尼框筒结构为例,采用试验和有限元分析方法确定公式的参数取值,以此得到结构附加阻尼比的公式计算值,通过与结构动力弹塑性分析值进行对比,论证了简化计算公式的可用性。进一步基于参数分析给出了不同因素对公式计算值的影响。该简化计算方法为框架-阻尼框筒结构方案的快速设计提供了有效途径。     

上地幔俯冲板块的动力学过程:数值模拟

大洋板块俯冲到地幔转换带,进而可形成不同的形态:板块可以停滞在660km不连续面,抑或穿过地幔转换带进入下地幔.这些不同的俯冲模式可进一步影响到海沟的运动.为更好地理解上地幔中俯冲板片的变形行为以及俯冲过程与海沟运动之间的关系,本文通过建立一系列高精度二维热-力学自由俯冲的数值模型,揭示了俯冲板块在上地幔中的变形方式及其与地幔转换带之间的相互作用过程.模拟结果显示,在俯冲板块与地幔转换带的相互作用过程中,其动力学过程可以分为以海沟后撤主导、海沟前进主导以及稳定型海沟等三种主要动力学类型.对于年龄较老,厚度较大的俯冲板块容易形成海沟后撤型俯冲,俯冲板块停滞在660km不连续面.相反,年龄较小,塑性强度较小的板块容易形成海沟前进型俯冲,俯冲板块穿越660km不连续面.     

Energy capacity and seismic performance of RC waffle-flat plate structures under two components of far-field ground motions: Shake table tests

The bidirectional response of a portion of a reinforced concrete (RC) waffle-flat plate (WFP) structure subjected to far-field ground motions is studied through shake table tests. The test specimen is a scaled portion of a prototype structure designed under current building codes and located in a region of moderate seismicity of the Mediterranean area. The specimen was subjected to a sequence of tests of increasing acceleration amplitude that respectively represented very frequent, frequent, design, and very rare earthquakes at the site. The test structure performed well (basically in the elastic domain) under very frequent and frequent earthquakes, approached the boundary between the performance levels of life safety and near collapse under the design earthquake, and collapsed under the very rare earthquake. Damage concentrated at column bases and at the transverse beams of the exterior plate-to-column connection. Columns dissipated about 10% of the total energy that contributes to damage, and the rest was dissipated by the exterior plate-column connection. The total energy input on the structure until collapse under the bidirectional seismic action was very close to the value obtained in previous studies on a similar specimen tested under unidirectional ground motions. The capacity curve estimated from the experimental base shear vs top displacement relationship suggests it is best to use a behavior factor of at most q = 2 when designing WFP structures with the reduced-spectrum force-based approach.     

采用剪切波分裂方向约束的板块绝对运动模型研究

板块绝对运动(即岩石圈板块相对于深部地幔的运动)导致软流圈深度存在较强的剪切作用,为软流圈呈现较强的地震波速各向异性提供了一种物理解释.相应地,软流圈地震各向异性的实测数据为反演板块绝对运动提供了一种定量的约束.本文利用前人发表的由474个剪切波分裂数据组成的全球软流圈地震各向异性方向数据集,结合板块相对运动模型MORVEL,通过加权最小二乘法反演板块绝对运动.计算结果表明,由实测数据约束的板块绝对运动模型不能将观测数据拟合到原始数据测量误差要求的统计水平上,反映出以地震各向异性方向指示板块绝对运动方向存在原始数据测量误差之外的系统性误差.该误差或可归因于板块绝对运动控制软流圈地震各向异性的物理机制复杂性以及小尺度地幔流动的区域复杂性.因此,地震各向异性方向只能从统计平均的意义上约束板块绝对运动方向,两者间的差别除了测量误差外还应包含复杂物理成因的模型误差.在原始数据测量误差的基础上增加20°的模型误差并且剔除一个离群数据后,本文得到了最优拟合剪切波分裂数据集的SKS473模型,并与由热点数据反演得到的板块绝对运动模型进行对比.由于约束板块绝对运动的地震各向异性数据和热点数据都存在误差较大、地理分布不均的局限性,结合两类数据的联合反演或可成为未来建立更高精度板块绝对运动模型的有效途径.