Anomalous lithospheric structure of Northern Juan de Fuca plate — a consequence of oceanic rift propagation?

Anomalous crustal and upper mantle structure of northern Juan de Fuca plate is revealed from wide-angle seismic and gravity modelling. A 2-D velocity model is produced for refraction line II of the 1980 Vancouver Island Seismic Project (VISP80). The refraction data were recorded on three ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) deployed at the ends and middle of a 110 km line oriented parallel to the North American continental margin. The velocity model is constructed via ray tracing and conforms to first-arrival amplitude observations and travel time picks of direct, converted and reflected phases. Between sub-sediment depths of 3 to 11 km, depths normally associated with the lower crust and upper oceanic mantle, the final model shows that compressional-wave velocities decrease significantly from southeast to northwest along the profile. At sub-sediment depths of 11 km at the northwestern end of the profile, P-wave velocities are as low as 7.2 km/s. A complementary 2-D gravity model using the geometry of the velocity model and velocity–density relationships characteristic of oceanic crust is produced. The high densities required to match the gravity field indicate the presence of peridotites containing 25–30% serpentine by volume, rather than excess gabbroic crust, within the deep low velocity zone. Anomalous travel time delays and unusual reflection characteristics observed from proximal seismic refraction and reflection experiments suggest a broader zone of partially serpentinized peridotites coincident with the trace of a pseudofault. We propose that partial serpentinization of the upper mantle is a consequence of slow spreading at the tip of a propagating rift.     

双平板式透空堤消能效果评价方法

双平板式透空堤具有较为优越的消浪性能备受专家学者关注.目前关于其消浪性能的评价多采用透射波高法开展,仅考虑波高一个参数.本文采用透射波高法、波浪能量法和波能流法分别对平板式透空堤的消能效果进行评价,结果表明,综合考虑波高、水深和周期三个参数的波能流法更加全面与深入.探讨了双平板式透空堤迎浪向与背浪向处波能流的主要影响因...     

太平洋板块俯冲与中国东部中生代地质事件

中国东部至少自侏罗纪开始就一直处于俯冲大洋板块之上,但是有关俯冲板块对其影响程度一直有不同的认识。最近的研究表明,太平洋海山岛链的时空分布显示太平洋板块的漂移方向曾发生多次转折,这些转折与白垩纪中国东部的构造演化和岩浆事件有着密切的时空耦合关系。从时代和力学性质上看,太平洋板块俯冲方向的改变在很大程度上控制着中国东部中生代的盆地演化和郯庐断裂活动等重要地质事件。这些认识为理解中国东部构造演化提供了新的视角,包括岩石圈减薄的机制、郯庐断裂的演化,以及燕山期大规模岩浆活动等。本文重点分析了太平洋板块俯冲与中国东部中生代岩浆活动的对应关系。在125～140Ma太平洋板块向南西方向俯冲,造成中国东部岩石圈减薄,软流圈卸载上涌,发生减压部分熔融;约125Ma,太平洋板块漂移方向发生了大幅度转折,形成安第斯式的俯冲挤压,岩石圈停止减薄和减压部分熔融,出现岩浆宁静期。随着俯冲的深入,到110Ma前后俯冲板块后撤,形成弧后拉张,岩浆活动又重新开始。     

大陆地质与大陆构造和大陆动力学

当代地球科学发展的新需求与板块构造对大陆地质的深化研究,使大陆问题成为21世纪地学发展的前沿研究领域、热点和关键。文中在提出“大陆动力学”研究20多年后的今天,进行关于大陆研究的新思考,从讨论厘定大陆研究的有关争议概念、大陆的基本问题、中国大陆构造的典型实例以及与世界同类范例的简要对比出发,综合概括了大陆地质与大陆构造和大陆动力学研究的关键科学问题与进一步探索研究的思考课题。提出了在大陆研究中,在进一步精确深化板块构造对大陆的研究的同时,应突出加强大陆构造中有无非板块构造动力及其远程效应的大陆内的、在深部动力学与陆块间差异非均衡背景下由陆内陆块间相互作用导致的真正陆内构造及其动力学问题的研究,以便为深化发展板块构造、认知大陆、探索大陆动力学、构建包括板块构造在内新的行星地球构造观作出努力与探索。     

From foredeep to orogenic wedge-top: The Cretaceous Songliao retroforeland basin,China

Songliao Basin, the largest Mesozoic intracontinental nonmarine basin in eastern China, initiated during the latest Jurassic as a backarc extensional basin; rifting failed and thermal cooling controlled subsidence through the early Late Cretaceous. Integrating 2-D and 3D reflection seismic and borehole data with regional geological studies, we interpret sedimentary sequence and structural patterns of the Coniacian-Maastrichtian fill of Songliao Basin as defining a retroforeland basin system developed after 88 Ma (marked by the T11 unconformity in the basin), including (1) significant increase in the thickness of the Nenjiang Formation eastward towards orogenic highlands of the Zhangguangcai Range and the convergent continental margin; (2) a shift of detrital provenance in the basin from north to southeast; and (3) propagation of E-W shortened structures, increasing eastward in amplitude, frequency, and degree of inversion toward the orogen. During latest Cretaceous, foreland basin fill progressively deformed, as the foredeep evolved to a wedge-top tectonic setting, marked by the basin-wide T04 unconformity within the upper Nenjiang Formation at 81.6 Ma. Much of the basin was brought into the orogenic wedge and eroded by the end of the Cretaceous. Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous backarc rifting of uncratonized basement comprised of accreted terranes likely facilitated and localized the foreland. Synrift normal faults reactivated and extensively inverted as thrust faults are prominent in the eastern 1/3 of the basin, whereas folds developed above detachments in shaley early post-rift strata dominate the western 2/3 of the basin. Songliao foreland development likely was driven by changing plate dynamics and collision along the Pacific margin after 88 Ma.     

辽宁寒岭-偏岭平移断裂带特征及其形成动力机制

寒岭—偏岭平移断裂带位于辽宁东部 ,是中国东部郯庐断裂东盘的一个次级断裂。它控制着辽东鞍山—本溪地区地质体的分布。通过对平移断裂的展布、形态、伴随构造、牵引构造、位移方向和幅度、平移时间、断层尾端及动力学演化等特征研究 ,认为该断裂主要活动于晚三叠世 ,在晚侏罗世—早白垩世最为活跃 ,伴随岩浆侵入活动、火山喷发及陆相沉积。断裂带长约 1 3 0km ,中段位移最大可达 3 1km ,向东西两端逐渐减少。该断裂活跃时期主要表现为左行平移性质。构造的活动 ,主要与中生代时期欧亚大陆与伊佐奈岐板块、太平洋板块的相互作用有关     

青藏高原东部壳幔速度结构和地幔变形场的研究

在青藏高原东部地球动力学问题中,笔者在文中主要考虑与地壳上地幔速度结构和地幔变形场有关的问题,它涉及当前流行的下地壳流动模型和壳-幔的耦合-解耦模型。在2000年完成的穿过川西高原和四川盆地的深地震测深剖面,揭示了川西高原的地壳结构具有地壳增厚(主要是下地壳增厚)、地壳平均速度低等特点,显示地壳的缩短与增厚的碰撞变形特征。根据川西高原上设置各爆炸点的记录截面图共同呈现PmP(莫霍界面反射波)弱能量的特点,推断在川西高原的下地壳介质具有强衰减(Qp=100～300)的性质,支持存在下地壳流动的模型。青藏高原东部和川滇西部地区的上地幔各向异性(SKS波快波偏振方向和快慢波延迟时间)的初步结果表明,这两个地区的壳-幔变形特征是不同的,尽管它们在地理位置上属于同一个板块碰撞带。在青藏高原内部的壳幔变形属于垂直连贯变形,它以缩短为主,而高原外部的地壳(或岩石圈)则相对于其下方地幔运动。在高原内部和外部之间存在一个重要的地幔变形过渡带。然而,高原内部的垂直连贯变形与高原内部存在大范围下地壳流动的模型不一致。笔者在该地区开展了近两年的宽频带流动地震观测,试图从地震记录中确定过渡带的位置和探讨它的流变性质。文中扼要回顾已经取得的结果,并介绍正在进行的研究。     

Geology and Genesis of Barite Deposits of Lasbela and Khuzdar Districts, Balochistan, Pakistan

Abstract: Geology and genesis of the sediment-hosted barite deposits in the Lasbela and Khuzdar districts of Balochistan, Pakistan have been studied and described. Hot solutions generated in rifting environments during the initial stage of separation of the continental crustal block related to the Gondwanaland fragmentation subsequently reposed in Jurassic rocks, most probably played an important role on barite formation.
Paragenetic relationships indicate that the period of barite mineralization was distinctly later than that of zinc-lead sulphide mineralization in the Lasbela and Khuzdar districts. The barite deposits occur on top and in peripheral to the zinc-lead sulphides. The earliest barite mineralization took place in the clastic rock sequence of the lower Spingwar Formation as cross cutting veins. Younger mineralization as stratabound-replacement type occurred within the platform limestones of Loralai Formation, just above the Spingwar Formation. The youngest mineralization as stratiform is hosted within black shales, mudstones and argillaceous limestones of Anjira Formation at the top of Loralai Formation. In the light of the evidences gathered from field and laboratory investigations a genetic model has been deduced.     

合肥盆地磨墩水库石墨片岩变形变质分析及构造意义探讨

合肥盆地中南部肥西县磨墩水库南岸防虎山组侏罗系砾岩下发育一套石墨片岩系,两者之间呈断层接触.该石墨片岩不同于钻井揭示的合肥盆地石炭纪一二叠纪沉积岩,亦不同于河南固始县杨山煤系.经分析认为该石墨片岩应属于北淮阳佛子岭群岩系,原岩为炭质泥岩或炭质粉砂岩.石墨为有机成因,石墨化程度较低,但变形强烈,部分已糜棱岩—超糜棱岩,反映出俯冲—碰撞带变形变质特征.通过对白云母、石墨XRD衍射和电子探针测试分析,认为石墨片岩为绿片岩相,估算其变质温度为450～ 500℃,压力0.55 ～0.8GPa.根据显微构造特征和变形—变质条件推断,该石墨片岩为扬子板块北缘的沉积盖层(佛子岭群部分),在扬子板块与华北板块碰撞过程中受到强烈挤压,变形—变质成糜棱岩、石墨构造片岩.该变形带暗示了扬子板块向华北板块缝合带的位置,即石墨片岩出露区及其附近,部分被新生代沉积所覆盖.