内蒙古苏布格塔蓝闪石片岩基本特征及成因分析

苏布格塔蓝闪石片岩赋存于奥陶纪哈拉哈河组地层中,岩石组合类型多样,据蓝闪石光学特征及电子探针分析结果,认为本区的蓝闪石属铁蓝闪石。蓝闪石片岩的标型矿物组合以蓝闪石+绿帘石+阳起石+多硅白云母+榍石为特点,由泥质碎屑岩变质重结晶形成,原岩形成环境为大陆边缘海盆地。其变质成因,属于与板块运动有关的区域低温中高压动力变质作用形成。     

TTG岩套的成因及其形成环境

TTG岩套是一类包含了三种岩性的岩石组合,即英云闪长岩(tonalite)—奥长花岗岩(trondhjemite)—花岗闪长岩(granodiorite)。TTG岩套的规模在太古宙最大,是早期陆壳的主体且在各地质历史时期均有发育。该岩石组合是岩石学定名,多数样品的地球化学特征相似:富Na,高Al2O3(平均15%),低Mg、Ni、Cr,富集LREE、亏损HREE、高Sr、低Y、低Yb且无明显的负Eu异常。其微量元素特征与Adakite(高锶低钇中酸性岩,"埃达克岩")类似。目前多数学者认同其为变玄武质岩石部分熔融后的熔体,主要争论在于其源岩的变质程度。笔者认为TTG岩套的源区不应局限于某个变质相,而是涵盖了较大的P—T范围。对于其形成环境的探讨,笔者认为应该以地球演化不同时期的地球动力学背景为前提,盲目地"将今论古"是不合理的。本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上提出3.8Ga之前的TTG岩套可能是在板块构造未启动的非俯冲条件下形成的;3.8~1.9Ga的TTG岩套产生在发育俯冲式板块构造且板块构造具有间歇式特点的背景下,此时可能既存在非俯冲环境下产出的TTG岩套也存在俯冲环境下产出的TTG岩套,而且其产出应该具有幕式特征;古元古代之后的TTG岩套可能无一例外均是俯冲板片熔融的产物。     

锚杆垫板形式对洞室抗爆效果的影响试验研究

为了研究爆炸条件下不同垫板形式锚杆对洞室加固效果的影响,现场试验中选择了平板和碗形两种不同的垫板形式。通过抗爆试验,对锚固洞室宏观破坏形态、洞壁位移特征、拱顶位移与比例距离之间的关系以及爆心两侧拱顶各点位移进行了对比,分析了两种垫板形式在爆炸条件下对洞室加固效果的影响。试验结果表明：在爆炸条件下,碗形垫板可以充分发挥锚杆抗拉能力高的特点,拱部围岩经碗形垫板加固后,整体刚度能够得到较大提高,对岩体的加固效果较好。     

软流层静压推力及其板块动力学意义

地幔软流层之上漂浮着地球板块,软流层对板块存在流体静压——软流层静压推力。对海洋板块而言,软流层静压推力在物理意义上与传统的分布力型洋脊推力没有差别。假定板块内部的应力场在水平和竖直方向上互相解耦,可利用二维球壳有限单元模型计算板内应力场的水平分量,并根据重力均衡理论计算其竖直分量,进而计算其差分应力场。利用软流层静压推力的概念,在研究有关的板块动力学问题时,能够充分利用观测资料中的应力状态信息作为约束条件,简明有效地解释部分海洋与大陆过渡区域及重力非均衡区域的复杂应力场图象。     

浅析现浇板裂缝产生原因及治理方法

近年来,随着现浇结构使用越来越广泛,但建设物现浇板板角出现裂缝的现象越来越多,笔者就板角裂缝的形成原因,进行了简要分析,并提出了其预防措施.     

Holocene beach deposits for assessing coastal uplift of the northeastern Boso Peninsula, Pacific coast of Japan

This paper presents a case study that assessed spatial variations in the tectonic uplift rates of beach deposits in the relict Kujukuri strand plain, situated on the northeastern coast of the Boso Peninsula, eastern Japan. The southern Boso Peninsula is tilted downward to the northeast due to plate subduction along the Sagami Trough. However, the cause of the northeastern coast uplift creating the relict strand plain is unclear, due to the absence of a Holocene raised marine terrace sequence. Elevations and ages of beach deposits were collected from drilled cores and ground-penetrating radar profiles along three shore-normal sections in the southern Kujukuri strand plain. From this, alongshore variations in the relative sea level since the mid-Holocene could be seen. These corresponded to north-to-northeast downward tilting at a rate of 0.4 m/ka for an interval 10 km and are concordant with the longer term tilting of the last interglacial marine terrace surrounding the plain. Although it is difficult to assess shore-normal variations of uplift based on the present dataset, the recognized tilting apparently continues to the tilting of the southern Boso Peninsula, implying the Sagami Trough probably affects the uplift of the Kujukuri coast.     

A New Formation Mechanism of Coesite without the Plate Deeply-Subduction and Fast-Exhumation——Comment on the Article “Discussion on Some Problems of Quartz-Coesite Phase Transition”

本文分析评论了嵇少丞等(2010)发表的“石英—柯石英相变研究中若干问题讨论”一文.指出他们对柯石英非俯冲折返新机制的一些误解,对某些热力学、物理学概念,及其在地学问题中的解释理解的不同.分析了机械球磨的作用机制;论证了机械球磨作用本质与构造挤压剪切作用本质的同一性.分析了岩石糜棱岩化过程的两个阶段;讨论了地震波形成柯石英机制的可能性.围绕比较标准问题,论证了高能机械球磨(预处理)能大大降低α-石英转变成柯石英的压力、温度和合成时间,促进柯石英的形成.用小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型解释了人工合成柯石英的规律性、南极洲天然矿物的行为,柯石英的寄生矿物、岩石——锆石、榴辉岩包裹体、非包裹体的形成.列举事例澄清了“球磨引进的Fe杂质提高柯石英形成压力迟缓合成”的说法;讨论了第二相存在对石英—柯石英转变的影响和“应变禁区”边界区的应力梯度相变驱动力可以形成柯石英问题.指出了机械球磨石英原料预处理和静高压合成柯石英后处理两步法,是一种实验室研究柯石英形成规律的有效物理方法;小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型和无需板块深俯冲快折返的柯石英形成机制,是一种有希望的柯石英形成新机制.     

Geochronology and magmatic evolution of the Huautla volcanic field: last stages of the extinct Sierra Madre del Sur igneous province of southern Mexico

The Huautla volcanic field (HVF), in the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS), is part of an extensive record of Palaeogene magmatism reflecting subduction of the Farallon plate along the western edge of North America. Igneous activity resulting from Farallon subduction is also exposed to the north, in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) and Mesa Central (MC) provinces. We present the results of a stratigraphic and K–Ar, Ar–Ar, and U–Pb geochronological study of the Huautla volcanic successions, in order to refine our knowledge on the petrologic and temporal evolution of the northern SMS and gain insights on magmatic–tectonic contrasts between the SMS and the SMO–MC provinces. The HVF is made up of lava flows and pyroclastic successions that overlie marine Cretaceous sequences and post-orogenic continental deposits of Palaeogene age. In the study area, the main Oligocene succession is pre-dated by the 36.7 million years its caldera west of the Sierra de Huautla. The HVF succession ranges in age from ～33.6 to 28.1 Ma and comprises a lower group of andesitic–dacitic lava flows, an intermediate sequence of ignimbrites and dacitic lavas, and an upper group of andesitic units. The silicic succession comprises a crystal-poor ignimbrite unit (i.e. the Maravillas ignimbrite; 31.4 ± 0.6, 32.0 ± 0.4 Ma; ～260 km³), overlain by a thick succession of dacitic lavas (i.e. the Agua Fría dacite; 30.5 ± 1.9, 31.0 ± 1.1 Ma). Integration of the new stratigraphic and geochronological data with prior information from other explosive centres of the north-central SMS allows us to constrain the temporal evolution of a silicic flare-up episode, indicating that it occurred between 37–32 Ma; it consisted of three major ignimbrite pulses at ～36.5, ～34.5, and ～33–32 Ma and probably resulted from a progressive, mantle flux-driven thermomechanical maturation of the continental crust, as suggested in the HVF by the transition from andesitic to voluminous siliceous volcanism. The information now available for the north-central sector of the SMS also allows recognition of differences between the temporal and spatial evolution of magmatism in this region, and of that documented in the southern SMO and MC provinces, suggesting that such contrasts are probably related to local differences in configuration of the subduction system. At ～28 Ma, the MC and southern SMO provinces experienced a trenchward migration of volcanism, associated with slab rollback; on the other hand, the broad, more stable distribution of Oligocene magmatism in the central and north oceanic plate was subducting at a low angle.     

用弹性圆薄板理论分析盐岩单井水溶溶腔覆岩关键层

本文系统分析了岩盐单井水溶开采的特征, 应用弹性圆薄板理论对溶腔覆岩关键层进行分析, 推导出了溶腔覆岩层下沉变形微分方程和溶腔覆岩关键层上的载荷计算式, 并对溶腔覆岩关键层受力特征进行了分析, 推导了溶腔覆岩关键层初次破断距计算式, 建立了适用于岩盐单井水溶开采溶腔覆岩关键层判别的判据式, 是对以往关键层理论研究成果的补充, 为关键层理论应用于岩盐单井水溶开采溶腔覆岩移动规律研究打下了理论基础。最后, 对岩盐单井水溶开采覆岩控制研究内容和关键层理论在其中的应用思路进行了初步探讨。     

某地平板玻璃原料用石英砂的提纯研究

某地石英矿砂通过磁选分离法、稀酸浸泡法处理后，矿砂不同程度地降低了铁、铝、钙镁的含量；采用磁选分离 稀酸浸泡法联合处理后，使该地石英砂的化学成分达到了优质的生产平板玻璃用硅质原料的国家标准。