Experimental research on the seismic behavior of CSPSWs connected to frame beams

The seismic performance of composite steel plate shear walls (CSPSWs) that consist of a steel plate shear wall (SPSW) with reinforced concrete (RC) panels attached to one or both sides by means of bolts or connectors is experimentally studied. The shear wall is connected to the frame beams but not to the columns. This arrangement restrains the possible out-of-plane buckling of the thin-walled steel plate, thus significantly increasing the bearing capacity and ductility of the overall wall, and prevents the premature overall or local buckling failure of the frame columns. From a practical viewpoint, these solutions can provide open space in a floor as this type of composite shear walls with a relatively small aspect ratio can be placed parallel along a bay. In this study, four CSPSWs and one SPSW were tested and the results showed that both CSPSWs and SPSW possessed good ductility. For SPSW alone, the buckling appeared and resulted in a decrease of bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity. In addition, welding stiffeners at corners were shown to be an effective way to increase the energy dissipation capacity of CSPSWs.     

Numerical analysis of permafrost effects on the seismic site response

Some of the damage to the infrastructure observed in past earthquakes occurred in Alaska could be related to the existence of permafrost. However, only limited research has been carried out so far to investigate the effects of permafrost on the seismic site response. Permafrost with relatively high shear wave velocity (1000–1500 m/s) extensively exists in the interior of Alaska and causes anomaly in the shear wave velocity profile that may alter the site response. In current design practices, permafrost has been treated as bedrock and its potential effects on site response are ignored. A systematic investigation was conducted to understand the effects of permafrost on the ground motion characteristics using one-dimensional equivalent linear analysis for the MCE, AASHTO and IBC Design Earthquake level hazards. The average surface displacement, velocity and acceleration response spectra for a typical permafrost site were obtained and the worst case scenario was identified. The results show that the presence of permafrost can significantly alter the ground motion characteristics and it may not be conservative to ignore the effects of permafrost in the seismic design of civil structures.     

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德兴斑岩铜矿床研究新进展

江西德兴铜矿是中国东部最大的斑岩型铜矿床,前人对该矿床的成矿流体来源及演化方面的研究取得了较为一致的认识,但在含矿斑岩成因、成矿物质来源、成矿环境等其它方面还存在有较大的争论。最新研究成果表明,德兴铜矿的含矿斑岩形成于中侏罗世早期（1702～1710 Ma）古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲形成的大陆边缘环境下,由俯冲大洋板片（主要为上覆沉积物）部分熔融形成的具高Sr、Sr/Y 和La/Yb 比值特征的高钾钙—碱性熔体,在其上升过程中与岩石圈地幔相互作用所形成。超大型的Cu—Au 多金属成矿作用与岩浆侵入作用几乎同时发生,成矿物质主要由洋片（P MORB）中富含Fe3+ 的岩浆释放出的流体或熔体在上升途中与上覆岩石圈地幔相互作用后从岩石圈地幔中萃取出来。而在晚侏罗世中期（约1535 Ma）,区内转换为由俯冲大洋板片rollback 形成的弧后伸展环境,形成了壳—幔混源成因的闪长质侵入岩脉群,但没有显示出良好的矿化作用;到了早白垩世晚期（1009～1065 Ma）,德兴斑岩铜矿区内发生一次热液成因的Cu（—Au?）成矿作用事件,叠加于原先大规模的主成矿事件之上。     

Late quaternary chronology of the riverine plain of southeastern Australia

Studies of the Murray River have revealed that its ancestral river system is the result of three separate phases of river activity, each consisting of a degradational and aggradational sub‐phase. To illustrate the relations, certain sections of the rivers were mapped in detail revealing characteristic terrace levels for the various phases. The regional pattern shows that immediately upstream from the Cadell Fault, and for a distance of 100 miles (160 km.) downstream, tectonically induced topographical changes have separated the individual ancestral rivers representative of each phase. Elsewhere, the three rivers are superimposed and follow the same general course. This pattern of separation by diversion also applies to the present rivers so that, in the diverted sector of the river system, old floodplains occur which were deserted by the present river. Initial water logging and salting problems were restricted to these deserted floodplains where they occur in the Irrigation Districts. A relative chronology of Quaternary events has been drawn up.     

Fault‐related folding: Tulcumba Ridge,western New England

An overturned angular fold in the Currabubula Formation at Tulcumba Ridge has a north‐south axial trace exposed along the western side of this ridge. The geometry and position of this fold adjacent to the Mooki Thrust is consistent with its formation as a fault‐propagation fold involving a thrust step‐up angle of ～ 30° from a décollement. Overturned strata also occur adjacent to the Mooki Thrust near the Rocky Creek Syncline to the north and to the south on Gunnan Ridge and in the Werrie Syncline. Overturning of strata in these areas may be the result of fault‐propagation folding. It is suggested that folding in the Tamworth Belt involves thin‐skinned deformation that is dominantly fault‐related.     

Eocene to Miocene geometry of the West Antarctic Rift System

Tectonic models for the Late Cretaceous/Tertiary evolution of the West Antarctic Rift System range from hundreds of kilometres of extension to negligible strike-slip displacement and are based on a variety of observations, as well as kinematic and geodynamic models. Most data constraining these models originate from the Ross Sea/Adare Trough area and the Transantarctic Mountains. We use a new Antarctic continental crustal-thinning grid, combined with a revised plate-kinematic model based on East Antarctic – Australia – Pacific – West Antarctic plate circuit closure, to trace the geometry and extensional style of the Eocene – Oligocene West Antarctic Rift from the Ross Sea to the South Shetland Trench. The combined data suggest that from chron 21 (48 Ma) to chron 8 (26 Ma), the West Antarctic Rift System was characterised by extension in the west to dextral strike-slip in the east, where it was connected to the Pacific – Phoenix – East Antarctic triple junction via the Byrd Subglacial Basin and the Bentley Subglacial Trench, interpreted as pullapart basins. Seismic-reflection profiles crossing the De Gerlache Gravity Anomaly, a tectonic scar from a former spreading ridge jump in the Bellingshausen Sea, suggest Late Tertiary reactivation in a dextral strike-slip mode. This is supported by seismic-reflection profiles crossing the De Gerlache Gravity Anomaly in the Bellingshausen Sea, which show incised narrow sediment troughs and vertical faults indicating strike-slip movement along a north – south direction. Using pre-48 Ma plate circuit closure, we test the hypothesis that the Lord Howe Rise was attached to the Pacific Plate during the opening of the Tasman Sea. We show that this plate geometry may be plausible at least between 74 and 48 Ma, but further work especially on Australian – Antarctic relative plate motions is required to test this hypothesis.     

Suckling Dome and the Australian–Woodlark plate boundary in eastern Papua: the geology of the Keveri and Ada'u Valleys

The Owen Stanley Fault Zone (OSFZ) is the low-angle thrust boundary between the Australian and Woodlark plates. The eastern extension of the OSFZ links with the Woodlark Basin spreading centre. Recent tectonic models of eastern Papua depict the OSFZ boundary passing through the Mt Suckling district, with the Keveri Fault a key component. Gravity data clearly show that the OSFZ and the Papuan Ultramafic Belt (PUB) pass north of Mt Suckling. Tectonised mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Mt Suckling district, previously referred to the PUB, are reassigned to the Awariobo Range Complex (new name). Extensive pillow basalts previously referred to the middle Eocene part of the Kutu Volcanics at the top of the PUB sequence are, in the map area, reassigned on lithological and biostratigraphic grounds to the late Oligocene–middle Miocene Wavera Volcanics. The detailed work reported here indicates that the Keveri Fault is unrelated to the OSFZ with no evidence for thrusting along the structure. The area's tectonic history has been dominated by large vertical displacements along the Keveri Fault. The commencement of late Miocene buoyant uplift of the Suckling Dome (new name), related to granite intrusion into thick crust of the eastern Papua region, marks the inception of the Keveri Fault and coincides with the initiation of Woodlark rifting. The fault facilitated much of the rapid vertical movement of the dome, with an estimated 8000 m of uplift (2.5 m/10³ a) since the late Miocene. Movement on the Keveri Fault is notably different from structures flanking other metamorphic core complexes in eastern Papua. There is no field evidence for the development of a low-angle, south-dipping detachment fault along the southern margin of the Suckling Dome. The Suckling Dome is the westernmost of the eastern Papua domes, localised within a broad extensional zone that continues to propagate westward along the OSFZ plate boundary.     

全吸力范围南阳膨胀土的土-水特征曲线

膨胀土的失水收缩、吸水膨胀过程分别对应着土-水特征曲线的脱湿和吸湿阶段。土-水特征曲线对于研究非饱和土的水力与力学特性有着重要作用。用压力板法（吸力范围0～1.5 MPa）、滤纸法（吸力范围0～40 MPa）和蒸汽平衡法（吸力范围3～368 MPa）,分别对南阳膨胀土进行了土-水特性试验,得到全吸力范围内的土-水特征曲线。试验结果表明：初始孔隙比大致相同土样的土-水特征曲线,在低吸力范围内脱湿曲线与吸湿曲线具有明显的滞回现象。当吸力大于300 MPa时,土-水特征曲线的滞回效应基本消失,即脱湿曲线与吸湿曲线基本重合。滤纸法所测出的土-水特性落在主脱湿和主吸湿曲线的滞回圈内。当吸力等于367.54 MPa时,含水率仅为0.325%,几乎近于0。孔隙比随着吸力的变化规律中,不仅受到吸力大小的影响,还受到吸力历史和吸力路径影响;孔隙比与吸力关系中,相同吸力时吸湿路径的孔隙比要比脱湿路径的大;在吸力低范围,吸湿路径与脱湿路径的孔隙比相近。孔隙比与饱和度关系因吸力路径的不同也存在着明显的滞回效应,接近饱和时趋近一致。变吸力情况条件下,饱和度随着孔隙比的增加而增加,蒸汽平衡法得出的孔隙比与饱和度的关系具有明显的线性关系,而压力板法做出来的低吸力范围内的线性关系不明显。     

青藏高原南部拉萨地体的变质作用与动力学

拉萨地体位于欧亚板块的最南缘,它在新生代与印度大陆的碰撞形成了青藏高原和喜马拉雅造山带。因此,拉萨地体是揭示青藏高原形成与演化历史的关键之一。拉萨地体中的中、高级变质岩以前被认为是拉萨地体的前寒武纪变质基底。但新近的研究表明,拉萨地体经历了多期和不同类型的变质作用,包括在洋壳俯冲构造体制下发生的新元古代和晚古生代高压变质作用,在陆-陆碰撞环境下发生的早古生代和早中生代中压型变质作用,在洋中脊俯冲过程中发生的晚白垩纪高温/中压变质作用,以及在大陆俯冲带上盘加厚大陆地壳深部发生的两期新生代中压型变质作用。这些变质作用和伴生的岩浆作用表明,拉萨地体经历了从新元古代至新生代的复杂演化过程。(1)北拉萨地体的结晶基底包括新元古代的洋壳岩石,它们很可能是在Rodinia超大陆裂解过程中形成的莫桑比克洋的残余。(2)随着莫桑比克洋的俯冲和东、西冈瓦纳大陆的汇聚,拉萨地体洋壳基底经历了晚新元古代的(～650Ma)的高压变质作用和早古代的(～485Ma)中压型变质作用。这很可能表明北拉萨地体起源于东非造山带的北端。(3)在古特提斯洋向冈瓦纳大陆北缘的俯冲过程中,拉萨地体和羌塘地体经历了中古生代的(～360Ma)岩浆作用。(4)古特提斯洋盆的闭合和南、北拉萨地体的碰撞,导致了晚二叠纪(～260Ma)高压变质带和三叠纪(～220Ma)中压变质带的形成。(5)在新特提斯洋中脊向北的俯冲过程中,拉萨地体经历了晚白垩纪(～90Ma)安第斯型造山作用,形成了高温/中压型变质带和高温的紫苏花岗岩。(6)在早新生代(55～45Ma),印度与欧亚板块的碰撞,导致拉萨地体地壳加厚,形成了中压角闪岩相变质作用和同碰撞岩浆作用。(7)在晚始新世(40～30Ma),随着大陆的继续汇聚,南拉萨地体经历了另一期角闪岩相至麻粒岩相变质作用和深熔作用。拉萨地体的构造演化过程是研究汇聚板块边缘变质作用与动力学的最佳实例。