Hydrologic and climatic implications of a multidisciplinary study of late Holocene sediment from Kenosee Lake, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

Sediment lithology and mineralogy, as well as ostracode, plant macrofossil and stable isotope stratigraphies of lake sediment cores, are used to reconstruct late Holocene hydrologic changes at Kenosee Lake, a relatively large, hyposaline lake in southeastern Saskatchewan. Chronological control is provided by AMS radiocarbon ages of upland and shoreline plant macrofossils. All indicators outline an early, low-water, saline phase of lake history (4100–3000 BP), when the basin was occupied by a series of small, interconnected, sulfate-rich brine pools, as opposed to the single, topographically-closed lake that exists today. A rapid rise in lake-level (3000–2300 BP) led to the establishment of carbonate-rich, hyposaline lake conditions like those today. Lithostratigraphic data and ostracode assemblages indicate peak salinities were attained early in this period of lake infilling, suggesting that the lake-level rise was initially driven by an influx of saline groundwater. Lake-level and water chemistry have remained relatively stable over the last 2000 years, compared to earlier events. Because of a lack of datable organic material in sediments deposited during the last 2000 years, the chronology of recent events is not well resolved. Plant macrofossil, lithostratigraphic and ostracode evidence suggests that lake draw-down, accompanied by slightly higher than present salinites, occurred sometime prior to 600 BP, followed by peak lake-level and freshwater conditions. This most recent high lake stand, indicative of a high water table on the surrounding upland, may also have led to the establishment of an extensive cover of Betula in the watershed, possibly in response to paludification. Ostracode assemblages indicate that peak freshwater conditions occurred within the last 100 years. Since historically documented lake-level fluctuations correlate with decadal scale climatic fluctuations in the meteorological record, and late-Holocene hydrologic dynamics correspond to well documented climatic excursions of the Neoglacial and Little Ice Age, Kenosee Lake dynamics offer insight into the susceptibility of the region's water resources to climate change.     

人工固沙区一年生植物小画眉草种群异速生长动态研究

通过对沙坡头人工固沙区一年生植物4 a的连续观测,我们得到对于一年生植物来讲水分竞争是个体分异的根本原因,种群中个体间的竞争主要是对有限水分的争夺.随着水分梯度的变化,小画眉草种群从一开始的没有竞争到为有限水分而发生的根系竞争.水分条件的暂时好转,个体又把大量能量用于建造茎杆、枝叶等支持组织,光竞争能力随之加强.发育出较多浅层须根系用于在降雨季节迅速吸收降水是一年生植物非常有利的一个竞争手段.     

气候变化对中国木本植物物候的可能影响

本文根据我国的３０年的物候资料和气候资料的统计分析，论证了气温是影响中国木本植物物候的主要因子，在此基础上建立了物候与年平均气温的线性统计模式，又利用此模式分析计算了未来全球年平均气温升高０．５－２．０℃和未来大气中ＣＯ２浓度倍增而增暖情况下，我国主要木本植物物候期的大致变幅。     

云南风能资源及其开发利用研究进展

介绍了云南风能资源及其开发利用的研究现状和研究成果。分析了云南风能资源评价历程、分布特点和风电开发建设情况。总结了云南有关风电场选址、风能资源评估、风电功率预测预报以及山区风电场和风电机组设计的研究成果。剖析了云南风能资源及其开发利用中存在的问题并提出今后的发展方向。     

应用Landsat ETM数据估算鄱阳湖湿生植被生物量

利用2000年的Landsat ETM数据,首次采用全数字化遥感定量方法对鄱阳湖湿生植被的生物量及其分布进行调查研究.首先,用该时相卫星数据制作假彩色合成图象,以该图象为主要依据之一,设计了野外生物量采样路线与样点,并在地形图和GPS的帮助下,实时地开展了湿生植被生物量的野外实地采样.然后,在室内将采样点坐标和Landsat ETM图象坐标进行几何纠正和匹配,将坐标统一转换为等积圆锥投影.再逐个坐标点比较采样数据与ETM4波段数据和NDVI、DVI和第一主成分数据之间的线性相关关系.统计分析的结果表明,采样数据与ETM 4波段数据有最好的正相关,其相关系数达到0.86.采样数据与DVI、NDVI数据的相关系数分别为0.83、0.80.采样数据与第一主成分数据之间的相关关系不显著,仅0.40.基于这一比较,建立了采样数据与ETM 4波段数据的线性相关模型.据此,用ETM 4波段计算出鄱阳湖4月份湿生植被的总生物量为3.8×109 kg,并编制了整个湖泊生物量的分布图.     

Application of the telluric and magnetotelluric methods in selection of sites for nuclear plants

The paper deals with the application of the telluric method and of magnetotelluric soundings including experimental and model data on the localization of tectonic disturbances in connection with the selection of appropriate sites for nuclear plants.     

浙江山区珍稀濒危植物的分布特征与保护

浙江山区的珍稀濒危植物较为丰富，有６７科、１０８属、１２５种．论述了当地珍稀濒危植物的特点、地理分布、属和种的地理成分，探讨了珍稀濒危植物的就地保护、迁地保护和离体保存．     

Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating of 1994 Lake Winnipeg cores

Conventional radiocarbon dating of Lake Winnipeg core samples has produced erroneously old ages due to the incorporation of pre-Quaternary carbon derived from carbonaceous rocks, soils and sediments in the watershed, as well as a hard-water effect resulting from leaching of calcareous rocks and soils. To circumvent these problems and develop a reliable chronology for the Lake Winnipeg core series, a total of 64 samples from the Lake Winnipeg core series were processed to isolate well preserved macrofossils suitable for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating. Here we report six radiocarbon ages derived from plant macrofossils and ostracodes, and reconstruct aspects of the depositional environment of each sample based on the associated macrofossil assemblage.     

淮北煤田早二叠世化石植物古生态

淮北煤田早二叠世化石植物丰富，其形成于炎热多雨的热带滨海三角洲沉积体系中。下三角洲平原是该区化石植物最宜生长的地方。早二叠世该区化石植物常形成四类植物群落：森林沼泽植物群落、沿岸水生植物群落、高地植物群落、三角洲平原真蕨及种子蕨混生植物群落（早期）、树蕨－大羽羊齿类雨林植物群落（晚期）。随着时间的推移，这四类植物群落的结构及面貌发生着不断的变化；其演替显示，早二叠世晚期该区气侯更加湿热，雨林气侯更为普遍。     

浅析宁波盆地膏盐地层的时代──兼对“宁波盆地北部的长河群”之时代质疑

宁波盆地地下揭示的一套包含暗色膏硝质泥岩、泥质白云岩在内的紫红、灰紫色泥岩、棕褐色砂砾岩、细砂岩和玻屑凝灰岩的地层，均称方岩组，内含膏盐并具油色显示。对其时代有早、晚白垩世和早第三纪之认识，笔者从70～90年代地质工作中所获化石分析认为，虽然宁波盆地这一层位含化石不丰，但从分布及数量上比较，相对占优势的应该是孢粉和植物化石，其时代意见也较为一致，指示为早白垩世。