南海深海沉积中的更新统/上新统界线及与意大利Vrica层型剖面的对比

应用浮游有孔虫定量统计、底栖有孔虫氧同位素和磁性地层学等资料来确定南海ODP1148站深海沉积中的上新统／更新统(P／P)界线。氧同位素期(MIS)64和65之间的P／P界线在1148站位于井深112．75m处，计算年龄为1．805Ma，在地层对比上与Vrica层型剖面的P／P界线一致。浮游有孔虫Pulleniatina obliquiloculata在MIS62出现以右旋壳为主的转变，计算年龄为1．76Ma，此事件和Olduvai极性亚时顶界看来是最接近P／P界线的可靠时间面。除此以外，在1148站P／P界线及其附近没有发现重大的地层学和环境变化事件。相比之下，1148站底栖δ^18O值在3．05～2．53Ma期间快速变重，冬季表层海水温度下降了5℃，指示了北半球冰盖的形成。     

海洋浮游纤毛虫摄食研究综述

海洋浮游纤毛虫是海洋微食物环的重要组成部分,同时也是连接海洋微食物环和经典食物链的重要环节。研究海洋浮游纤毛虫的摄食情况对了解海洋浮游纤毛虫在海洋浮游生态系统物质循环和能量流动中的作用有重要意义。主要研究内容包括纤毛虫的食性、纤毛虫对不同饵料的摄食强度(摄食率、清滤率)和选择性、影响摄食的因素及摄食后的同化和排遗。海洋浮游纤毛虫食性的研究方法主要有两种,分别为体内饵料颗粒法和维持生长法。实验室内估算纤毛虫摄食率和清滤率主要有两种方法,分别为饵料浓度差减法和体内饵料颗粒增多法。可以用特定体积清滤率和特定生物量摄食率来比较不同种纤毛虫的清滤率和摄食率。已有研究结果表明,纤毛虫的饵料包括较小的纤毛虫、硅藻、甲藻、鞭毛虫、聚球藻、原绿球藻和细菌等。纤毛虫的摄食率范围为0.1—920 cells/(ciliate h),清滤率范围为0—110μL/(ciliate h)。纤毛虫对饵料的粒径和化学性质均有选择性。饵料浓度、温度、光线、扰动以及纤毛虫所处的生长阶段都会对纤毛虫的摄食率产生影响。不同种类纤毛虫对不同种类饵料的同化率(67%—79%)和消化时间(13.7 min—24 h)不同。     

福建深沪湾浮游桡足类的分布

根据1998年5、9月福建省深沪湾环境综合调查所采的浮游生物样品，对该湾桡足类的种类组成及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析研究。结果表明：桡足类已鉴定到种的有28种，划分为4个生态类群，以沿岸类群为主。其优势种为驼背隆哲水蚤（Acrocalanus gibber)、太平洋纺锤水蚤（Acartia pacifica)、瘦尾胸刺水蚤（Centropages tenuiremis) 和近缘大眼剑水蚤（Corycaeus affinis)等。5月份的桡足类个体数比9月份的高，其数量与浮游植物细胞数呈正相关（除S4站外）关系。湾顶和梅林附近海域基础饵料丰富，是鱼类索饵的良好场所。     

New data on Maastrichtian-Paleocene foraminifers from the Sinegorsk Horizon of Southern Sakhalin

Data on planktonic foraminifers first found in the reference section of the Sinegorsk Horizon outcropping along the Naiba River are discussed. The lower part of this stratigraphic unit yields an assemblage of upper Maastrichtian low-latitude thermophilic species, while its upper layers contain upper Paleocene (Thanetian) taxa. Beds with different benthic foraminifers are also defined in the unit.     

MIS 6期以来西菲律宾海表层营养物质水平演化及其控制因素:浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber的Cd/Ca证据

通过西菲律宾海MD06-3052孔浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber的n(Cd)/n(Ca)[n(Cd)和n(Ca)分别指示Cd元素和Ca元素的物质的量]变化研究及其与陆源物质输入、海水结构以及海洋初级生产力等重建结果对比,从营养物质来源和利用两方面,探究了MIS6期以来该区域表层营养物质水平演化及其控制因素,从而为热带西太平洋生物泵作用和营养物质循环提供新思路和新证据。MIS6期以及MIS 2—3期研究区吕宋岛来源的陆源物质输入增多,导致了研究区MIS 6晚期、MIS 3早期和MIS2期浮游有孔虫G. ruber n(Cd)/n(Ca)的升高。而在MIS 3晚期,尽管陆源物质输入量大、次表层营养物质上涌,但初级生产力对于营养物质的利用量大于前两者营养物质输入量之和,最终形成研究区浮游有孔虫G. ruber n(Cd)/n(Ca)在MIS 3晚期呈现逐渐降低的趋势。海平面的迅速升高导致营养物质来源短期不足引起MIS 6/5冰消期浮游有孔虫G. ruber n(Cd)/n(Ca)呈现低值。而MIS 5e期研究区陆源物质输入的增多,又促使浮游有孔虫G. ruber n(Cd)/n(Ca)出现高值。此外, MIS 4—5d期,陆源物质输入较低、次表层营养物质仍受到阻碍,但研究区初级生产力在MIS4—5d期则逐渐升高,致使研究区浮游有孔虫G.rubern(Cd)/n(Ca)呈现下降趋势。研究结果反映不同时期浮游有孔虫G.rubern(Cd)/n(Ca)的受控因素不同,需要对其从营养物质来源和利用两方面因素加以考虑,才能获得更为准确的研究结果。总之,本文对西菲律宾海浮游有孔虫n(Cd)/n(Ca)指标的探究,不仅为该指标在热带西太平洋区域的古海洋学研究打下了基础,还为该指标在其他海域更为准确的探究提供了新的思路。     

Trematode parasites of Otago Harbour (New Zealand) soft‐sediment intertidal ecosystems: Life cycles,ecological roles and DNA barcodes

Parasites, in particular trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea), play major roles in the population dynamics and community structure of invertebrates on soft‐sediment mudflats. Here, we provide a list of the 20 trematode species currently known to infect molluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes from Otago Harbour (New Zealand) soft‐sediment intertidal areas, as well as information on their transmission modes, life cycles, andknown ecological impacts. Several of the host‐parasite species combinations recorded here are reported for the first time. We also provide DNA barcodes, based on sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit l (CO1) gene, for 19 of the 20 trematode species, to facilitate future identification of these parasites in marine ecological studies.     

新生代浮游有孔虫整体变化趋势

新生代浮游有孔虫在确定地层时代和推断古沉积环境等方面有着极其重要的实用价值,本文利用新生代浮游有孔虫数据库,对其中的属种资料进行了大量的分析和总结,初步了解了新生代浮游有孔虫整体特征的变化趋势及其在各地史时期中的面貌,使我们有可能建立一种以浮游有孔虫分类特征为基础的“模式”。这样,我们不仅把握了新生代浮游有孔虫的宏观特征,而且有可能找到一种只要对某些特征组合面貌进行判断即可大致确定地层时代的快速方法。     

孟加拉湾晚第四纪浮游有孔虫及其古海洋学意义

对北印度洋孟加拉深海扇远源区水深约３８００ｍ的ＭＤ７７１９０岩心进行了有孔虫定量统计,ＣａＣＯ３质量分数分析和敏纳圆幅虫壳体氧、碳同位素分析,结果表明,该区近１３０ｋａ来的浮游有孔虫组合面貌、表层海水古温度、ＣａＣＯ３质量分数变化的总体趋势与各大洋资料可以对比。ＣａＣＯ３质量分数曲线表现为间冰期升高而冰期降低,反映了研究区陆源碎屑物质对ＣａＣＯ３浓度具有明显的稀释效应。溶解度曲线也表现出相同的变化趋势,同样与陆源物质输入量的变化有关。研究区氧同位素３期各种沉积特征与北印度洋区的季风活动有关,表现出明显的高频气候旋回变化特点。     

Paleoceanographic evolution recorded in the northern South China Sea since 4 Ma

The late Pliocene-Pleistocene is of great interest for understanding the Earth’s climate system, because not only the late Pliocene is the latest period with tem-perature significantly higher than the Holocene, but also during the Pliocene/Pleistocene transition the Earth’s environment changed from a warm and uni-form climate state into an extreme one with typical glacial-interglacial cycles. During this period the Earth’s climate experienced through the grandly phased rising of the Qing…     

Annual variability of planktonic ostracods (Crustacea) in the South Adriatic Sea

Temporal variability and population structure of planktonic ostracods were investigated for the first time in the South Adriatic Sea during 1996. The maximal total ostracod abundance (1167 ind·100 m⁻³; 69% juveniles, 18% females and 13% males) was recorded in February. Thirteen species of marine planktonic ostracods were identified. Porroecia spinirostris and Archiconchoecia striata dominated the ostracod assemblage, accounting respectively for 62% and 18% of the total abundance. Their annual peaks were recorded during the cold season, which was the period of their intense reproduction, with favourable temperature conditions and lack of predators. The females surpassed the males in abundance in most species. The presence of the mesopelagic species indicated a strong influence of intermediate layer water masses from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.