Petrology of alkali basalts of Zlot, Timok Magmatic Complex (Eastern Serbia)

Alkali basalts were discovered in the Timok Magmatic Complex only in a borehole near Zlot. They are composed of plagioclase and clinopyroxene phenocrysts lying in intersertal to pilotaxitic groundmass. The characteristic feature of these rocks is the high content of needle shaped magnetite.

Various disequilibrium features in alkali basalt of Zlot reflect complex convection effects and recharge, most probably in a shallow magma chamber. Major and trace elements data indicate that alkali basalts of Zlot originated from magmas deriving from metasomatized mantle wedge above a subducting and dehydrating plate. However the investigated rocks did not originate from primary magmas, but from a magma which has undergone considerable fractional crystallization.     

斜长石溶蚀度：一种评价花岗质岩石风化度的新指标

本文提出了以标志性造岩矿物斜长石的显微孔隙变化为特征的风化度评价新指标——斜长石溶蚀度。该指标可以较好地反映全风化带（CDG）残积土风化度的精细变化，特别是风化程度在深度方向上的差异性。通过对香港CDG的实例分析，确定了三处残积土剖面的风化度相对大小。     

Viscosity measurements of subliquidus magmas: Alkali olivine basalt from the Higashi-Matsuura district, Southwest Japan

We carried out viscosity measurements and sampling of a crystal suspension derived from alkali olivine basalt from the Matsuura district, SW Japan, at subliquidus temperatures from 1230 °C to 1140 °C under 1 atm with NNO oxygen buffered conditions. Viscosity increased from 31 to 1235 Pa s with a decrease in temperature from 1230 to 1140 °C. On cooling, olivine first appeared at 1210 °C, followed by plagioclase at 1170 °C. The crystal content of the sample attained 31 vol.% at 1140 °C (plagioclase 22%, olivine 9%). Non-Newtonian behaviors, including thixotropy and shear thinning, were pronounced in the presence of tabular plagioclase crystals. The cause of such behavior is discussed in relation to shear-induced changes in melt–crystal textures. Relative viscosities, η_r (= η_s / η_m, where η_s and η_m are the viscosities of the suspension and the melt, respectively), were obtained by calculating melt viscosities from the melt composition and temperature at 1 atm using the equation proposed by Giordano and Dingwell [Giordano, D., Dingwell, D.B., 2003. Non-Arrhenian multicomponent melt viscosity: a model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 208, 337–349.]. The obtained relative viscosities are generally consistent with the Einstein–Roscoe relation, which represents η_r for suspensions that contain equant and equigranular crystals, even though the crystal suspension analyzed in the present experiments contained tabular plagioclase and granular olivine of various grain sizes. This consistency is attributed to the fact that the effect of crystal shape was counterbalanced by the effect of the dispersion of crystal size. The applicability of the Einstein–Roscoe equation with respect to crystal shape is discussed on the basis of the present experimental results. Our experiments and those of Sato [Sato, H., 2005. Viscosity measurement of subliquidus magmas: 1707 basalt of Fuji volcano. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 100, 133–142.] show that the relationship between relative viscosity and crystal fraction is consistent with the Einstein–Roscoe relationship for axial ratios that are smaller than the critical value of 4–6.5, but discrepancies occur for higher ratios.     

斜长石折光率色散曲线特征的讨论

本文采用双变法测定了花岗岩、片麻岩中一批低温斜长石的折光率色散曲线,总结有以下几个特征: 1.斜长石的折光率色散曲线特征与其主要成份无关,甚至An差值在20以上,只要在相似的生成条件与相近的生成年代,折光率色散曲线具有相互近于平行的特点。 2.地质年龄不同的斜长石,折光率色散曲线特征不同。 3.地质年龄相以、构造条件不同,折光率色散曲线不同。     

Role of Syn-eruptive Cooling and Degassing on Textures of Lavas from the AD 1783-1784 Laki Eruption, South Iceland

The Laki eruption involved 10 fissure-opening episodes thatproduced 15·1 km³ of homogeneous quartz-tholeiite magma.This study focuses on the texture and chemistry of samples fromthe first five episodes, the most productive period of the eruption.The samples comprise pumiceous tephra clasts from early falloutdeposits and lava surface samples from fire-fountaining andcone-building activity. The fluid lava core was periodicallyexposed at the surface upon lobe breakout, and its characteristicsare preserved in glassy selvages from the lava surface. In allsamples, plagioclase is the dominant mineral phase, followedby clinopyroxene and then olivine. Samples contain <7 vol.% of euhedral phenocrysts (>100 µm) with primitivecores [An* = 100 x Ca/(Ca + Na) >70; Fo > 75; En* = 100x Mg/(Mg + Fe) >78] and more evolved rims, and >10 vol.% of skeletal, densely distributed groundmass crystals (<100µm), which are similar in composition to phenocryst rims(tephra: An*_58–67, Fo_72–78, En*_72–81; lava:An*_49–70, Fo_63–78, En_57–78). Tephra and lavahave distinct vesicularity (tephra: >40 vol. %; lava: <40vol. %), groundmass crystal content (tephra: <10 vol. %;lava: 20–30 vol. %), and matrix glass composition (tephra:5·4–5·6 wt % MgO; lava: 4·3–5·0wt % MgO). Whole-rock and matrix glass compositions define atrend consistent with liquid evolution during in situ crystallizationof groundmass phases. Plagioclase–glass and olivine–glassthermometers place the formation of phenocryst cores at 10 kmdepth in a melt with 1 wt % H₂O, at near-liquidus temperatures(1150°C). Phenocryst rims and groundmass crystals formedclose to the surface, at 10–40°C melt undercoolingand in an 10–20°C cooler drier magma (0–0·1wt % H₂O), causing an 10 mol % drop in An content in plagioclase.The shape, internal zoning and number density of groundmasscrystals indicate that they formed under supersaturated conditions.Based on this information, we propose that degassing duringascent had a major role in rapidly undercooling the melt, promptingintensive shallow groundmass crystallization that affected themagma and lava rheology. Petrological and textural differencesbetween tephra and lava reflect variations in the rates of magmaascent and the timing of surface quenching during each eruptiveepisode. That in turn affected the time available for crystallizationand subsequent re-equilibration of the melt to surface (degassed)conditions. During the explosive phases, the rates of magmaascent were high enough to inhibit crystallization, yieldingcrystal-poor tephra. In contrast, pervasive groundmass crystallizationoccurred in the lava, increasing its yield strength and causinga thick rubbly layer to form during flow emplacement. Lava selvagescollected across the flow-field have strikingly homogeneousglass compositions, demonstrating the high thermal efficiencyof fluid lava transport. Cooling is estimated as 0·3°C/km,showing that rubbly surfaced flows can be as thermally efficientas tube-fed phoehoe lavas. KEY WORDS: lava; crystallization; basalt; cooling rate; pressure; geobarometry; P–T conditions; plagioclase; degassing; Laki, Iceland     

大兴安岭五岔沟地区中生代粗安岩中斜长石环带特征及其地质意义

大兴安岭五岔沟地区中生代粗安岩中的斜长石晶体具有多次熔蚀现象并发育环带结构。长石分类图表明斜长石主要是拉长石,其次为更长石和中长石。通过探讨斜长石环带的成因,认为微量元素含量的变化（Fe、Sr、Ba等）可用来判断斜长石反环带的形成机制。最后根据斜长石环带特征和电子探针成分分析,做出斜长石环带间微量元素Fe和Sr随An的变化曲线,得出该区斜长石在其结晶过程中经历了3次岩浆混合作用的结论。     

流动条件下斜长石与NaCl热液相互作用的实验研究

利用金袋热设备，于３００℃，５０ＭＰａ和流动条件下（流速：７ｍｌ／ｈ和１ｍｌ／ｈ研究了斜长石与１ｍｏｌ／ｋｇＮａＣｌ溶液的相互作用，还在同一温度压力下进行了静态实验，着重考察反应后溶液化学和长石表面化学成分的变化，以探讨钠交代作用的机理，结果表明，反应反溶液的ＰＨ值升高，Ｎａ含量降低；Ｓｉ，Ｃａ，Ｋ和Ａｌ转入溶液的特征与反应状态以及溶液流速有关；斜长石的钠交代作用涉及及钙长石组分溶解和钠长石组分结     

斜长石组构与下地壳各向异性

着重阐述了下地壳各向异性特征与成因,研究内容和方法,各向异性动力学意义,并强调指出斜长石在下地壳物理环境下的塑性变形过程中形成的组构或晶格优选方法（ＬＰＯ）是下地壳地震波各向异性之主因。     

火山岩储层斜长石选择性溶蚀的岩石学及热力学研究

长石溶孔是火山岩中重要的孔隙类型之一,火山岩的主要孔隙类型中长石溶孔所占的比例在1.24%～60.61％之间,在储层中占有重要地位。从岩相学、岩石化学CIPW标准矿物成分、热力学等方面论证了斜长石的选择性溶蚀。岩相学特征表现出斜长石选择性溶蚀的特征,即钙长石溶蚀时钠长石没有溶蚀,同时出现斜长石选择性溶蚀时钠长石和钾长石生长的现象。斜长石选择性溶蚀得到了CIPW标准矿物成分的支持,在CIPW标准矿物成分中长石的端元组分主要为钠长石和钾长石,而钙长石绝大多数为0或接近0。热力学研究表明,在同样的温度、压力和地层水成分的条件下,在斜长石中优先溶解钙长石组分。当地层水中Na+和K+浓度达到饱和时发生钠长石和钾长石沉淀,出现斜长石选择性溶蚀的同时发生钠长石和钾长石生长的现象。     

内蒙古四子王旗大庙花岗岩体的成因与构造意义

内蒙古中部地区晚古生代花岗岩类侵入岩分布广泛,在空间上构成一条巨大的东西向花岗岩带,是研究花岗岩成因和地壳演化的天然实验室.四子王旗北大庙岩体作为一个典型代表,以花岗闪长岩为主,其内部普遍发育镁铁质微粒包体.对理解花岗岩石成因和演化有重要意义.时包体及其寄主岩进行岩相学研究及矿物化学分析,结果显示:包体具塑性外形及岩浆结构,存在多种不平衡矿物组合,是岩浆混合的重要证据;MME中斜长石斑晶边部与核部An值较低,幔部An值较高,黑云母斑晶MgO边部与核部较低,幔部较高,两种矿物相似的成分变化指示结晶环境的改变,从矿物学角度证实存在基性岩浆的反复注入.黑云母及角闪石化学成分上也显示出岩体形成于造山带背景下,岩浆具壳幔混合的特点.岩体形成温度为650℃～700℃左右,压力为1.5×105Pa左右,氧逸度lgfo2较高,约-10～-15.