北京密云沙厂BIF型铁矿地质地球化学特征与成矿时代

北京密云沙厂铁矿为产于太古宙密云岩群变质岩系中的鞍山式铁矿,具有条带状铁建造(BIF)特征。矿石主要呈条带状构造,致密块状结构;矿石类型以磁铁石英岩型铁矿石为主,w(Fe)=25%~30%。围岩主要有黑云母(角闪)斜长片麻岩、辉石变粒岩和斜长角闪岩,局部见英云闪长质片麻岩。对选自黑云斜长片麻岩中的锆石进行U-Pb定年,具有核边结构、Th/U0.4的锆石其核部2组年龄为2 619Ma±25Ma和2 544Ma±16Ma。锆石的2 619Ma±25Ma年龄代表原岩为基性火山岩的黑云斜长片麻岩的形成年龄,同时也代表火山喷发和沙厂铁矿BIF沉积年龄;2 544 Ma±16 Ma锆石年龄可能代表后期TTG特征的花岗质片麻岩的侵位、叠加改造年龄。岩石的主、微量元素特征表明黑云斜长片麻岩富集Rb、Ba、Sr,亏损Th、U,表明沙厂BIF沉积时可能存在新太古代(约2 550 Ma)地壳增生事件。认为沙厂铁矿属Algoma型BIF,是新太古代末华北陆块初步克拉通化和大规模岩浆热事件的代表之一。     

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基斜长石成分组成与岩浆演化和混合作用

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基岩浆混合作用明显,斜长石作为主要造岩矿物,是研究岩石成因、示踪岩浆演化和岩浆混合过程的有效工具。对香加南山花岗岩基中寄主岩及暗色微粒包体中的斜长石进行岩相学和矿物化学研究。电子探针结果显示:寄主岩中正常环带斜长石(39~48,21~36)、包体中斜长石捕掳晶(41~49,35~36,43~49,31~47,27~38)和寄主岩矿物中包裹斜长石(29~45,14~32)具有演化的An值;部分寄主岩斜长石核部由于受到后期蚀变具有较高的An值(59~72)。包体中基质斜长石大部分具核边结构,核部(52,31)和边部(33~37,25)An值存在间断;少量斜长石核部受到蚀变,An值较低(49),幔部(55~71)An值高于边部(46~49);部分包体中基质斜长石核部呈补丁状,暗色部分An值较高(66),浅色部分An值较低(33~39)。包体中斜长石捕掳晶主要分为干净斜长石捕掳晶和含有矿物的斜长石捕掳晶两大类,干净斜长石环带明显或聚片双晶发育,An值变化范围较小(41~49,35~36);含有暗色矿物的斜长石捕掳晶An值整体也呈震荡变化(43~49,31~47,27~38),但由于受到蚀变,部分测点An值较高(78),少量斜长石具有高An值增生边(73)。以上研究显示,结晶于寄主岩的斜长石正常演化序列反映寄主岩从演化早期到晚期,岩浆逐渐从偏基性向酸性转变;包体基质斜长石为包体进入寄主岩温度、压力和水饱和度降低导致斜长石受到熔蚀后继续结晶结果;包体中斜长石捕掳晶来自寄主岩,由于进入包体后温度和压力产生变化,以及后期生长,导致斜长石的成分和构造有所不同。香加南山花岗岩基及暗色微粒包体中斜长石的复杂环带为幔源镁铁质岩浆注入长英质岩浆混合作用的结果。     

Mechanism of Crystal Redistribution in a Sheet-like Magma Body: Constraints from the Nosappumisaki and Other Shoshonite Intrusions in the Nemuro Peninsula, Northern Japan

Processes of crystal separation in a magma heavily laden withcrystals without phase change are investigated from observationson frozen magma systems: Nosappumisaki and other shoshoniteintrusions in the Nemuro peninsula, Japan, for which the originof the crystals and the initial conditions are well constrained.The Nosappumisaki intrusion is 120 m in thickness and extendsfor more than 1·5 km. It exhibits a wide range of lithologicalvariation, principally as a result of crystal redistributionafter intrusion. Crystals in each lithology can be clearly dividedinto two kinds according to their composition and texture: thosepresent before the intrusion of the magma (‘phenocrysts’)and those that crystallized in situ after intrusion. From thevertical change in mode and size of ‘phenocrysts’,it is shown that (1) augite ‘phenocrysts’ were rapidlydeposited, with little overgrowth after intrusion, by significantcoagulation or clustering on a time-scale of more than a fewyears, and (2) plagioclase ‘phenocrysts’, definitelydenser than the melt but concentrated in the upper level, floatedby counter flow of massive deposition of augite ‘phenocrysts’.These results indicate that in a magma heavily laden with crystalsof a few millimeters in size (>20 vol. %), crystal–crystaland crystal–melt interaction play an important role inthe separation of crystals from the host melt. KEY WORDS: magma chamber; sill; crystal settling; plagioclase flotation; Nosappumisaki     

A recalibration of the garnet-olivine geothermometer and a new geobarometer for garnet peridotites and garnet-olivine-plagioclase-bearing granulites

The garnet-olivine Fe-Mg exchange geothermometer and the garnet-olivine-plagioclase geobarometer have been simultaneously calibrated using reversed experimental data based on the model reactions and between 900 and 1500 °C at 9.1–95.0 kbar and between 4.7 and 7.0 kbar at 750–1050 °C, respectively. The resulting garnet-olivine thermometer reproduces experimental temperatures mostly within ±75 °C and the garnet-olivine-plagioclase barometer reproduces experimental pressures well within ±0.19 kbar. These new thermobarometers use the same garnet and olivine activity models and are thermodynamically consistent. Application of these thermobarometers to garnet peridotites from mantle xenoliths, orogenic garnet peridotites over the world and the Adirondack olivine-bearing metagabbros yielded reasonable P–T results. The present garnet-olivine thermometer can be used to measure medium-high-grade to ultrahigh-grade, low-pressure to ultrahigh–high-pressure garnet peridotites and metagabbros, whereas the garnet-olivine-plagioclase barometer has limited application to garnet-olivine-plagioclase-bearing granulites.     

Petrographic Discrimination of Low- and High-Temperature I-type Granites

Abstract. The existence of two groups of I-type granites, those formed at relatively low- and high-temperatures, has been established using differences in zircon saturation and patterns of bulk compositional variation between those two groups. Granites of these two groups also show some distinctive petrographic differences. The clearest petrographic distinction between the low- and high-temperature granites is seen in the crystals of plagioclase. In all but the most felsic low-temperature granites these crystals are always complex and commonly have corroded cores, which may be as calcic as An₈₀. Core compositions are fairly uniform in composition compared with the outer parts, which display normal and oscillatory zones of varying widths. In the high-temperature granites the crystals of plagioclase are generally better-shaped with a uniform composition and lack the prominent corroded cores of the low-temperature granites. These differences are due to the fact that homogenization of plagioclase proceeds very slowly at low magmatic temperatures.     

福建平潭角闪辉长岩结晶过程的矿物学记录

福建平潭角闪辉长岩中具成分环带的斜长石由钙质斜长石核和膜状中长石两部分组成，它是钙碱性高铝玄武岩浆结晶过程中岩浆上升和吸回作用的记录。     

Alteration at the Olympic Dam IOCG–U deposit: insights into distal to proximal feldspar and phyllosilicate chemistry from infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Twenty thousand metres of diamond drill core representing a 14 km cross-section from weakly to intensely altered Roxby Downs Granite through the Olympic Dam Breccia Complex, host to the Olympic Dam iron-oxide–copper–gold–uranium deposit in South Australia, was analysed using the HyLogger-3 spectral scanner. Thermal and shortwave infrared spectroscopy results from 30 drill holes provide insight into the spatial relationships between quartz, orthoclase–microcline, albite–oligoclase and progressively changing sericite and chlorite compositions. The relative proportions of quartz, feldspars and phyllosilicates were mapped with thermal infrared spectroscopy. Variations in the chemistry of sericite and chlorite were extracted by proxy from their shortwave infrared spectral response, together with their relative spatial distribution. HyLogger scanning has revealed four deposit-scale mineralogical trends, progressing from least-altered Roxby Downs Granite into mineralisation where most of the feldspar has been replaced by sericite + hematite + quartz: (1) a progressive Al–OH wavelength shift of 2205 nm to 2210 nm for sericite, followed by a spatially rapid reversal corresponding to lower phengite/muscovite abundance ratios; (2) progressive Mg/Fe–OH wavelength shift of 2248 nm to 2252 nm reflecting an increase in the Fe:Mg ratio of chlorite; (3) increasing ratio of microcline to orthoclase followed by a rapid decrease; and (4) slightly decreasing ratio of albite to oligoclase followed by plagioclase destruction prior to albite replacement by sericite. The HyLogger feldspar results support recent petrographic evidence for hydrothermal albite and K-feldspar at the Olympic Dam deposit, not previously reported. The spectral results from continuous HyLogger scans also show that the microscopic observations and proposed feldspar replacement reactions are not locally isolated phenomena, but are applicable at the deposit and regional-scale. A modified quartz–K-feldspar–plagioclase ternary diagram utilising mineralogy interpreted from HyLogger thermal infrared spectra (QAP_TIR) diagram along with supporting data on the abundance ratios of orthoclase/microcline and albite/plagioclase, and the wavelength shifts in characteristic absorption features for sericite and chlorite, can be used as empirical vectors towards mineralisation within the Olympic Dam mineral system, with potential application to other IOCG ore-forming systems. Intrusion of Gairdner Dyke Swarm dolerite dykes into sericite ± hematite altered Roxby Downs Granite results in retrograde albite–chlorite–magnetite alteration envelopes (up to tens of metres thick) overprinting the original sericite ± hematite alteration zone and needs to be carefully evaluated to ensure that such areas are not falsely downgraded during exploration.     

新疆百口泉闪长岩中高An值斜长石的成因及岩石学意义

岩浆成因的高An值斜长石(An80~100)是玄武质岩浆早期结晶的产物,由于其形成条件较为苛刻,它对于限定寄主岩浆条件和探讨岩石成因有重要的指示作用。在新疆西准噶尔百口泉地区发育含高An值斜长石(An80~90)的闪长岩,高An值斜长石呈不规则包裹体形式存在于闪长岩主体斜长石中(An40~60)。锆石SHRIMP定年显示百口泉闪长岩形成于316.9±2.9Ma(MSWD=1.5),闪长岩主、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素与区域内同时期岩浆作用产物具有相似的演化趋势。根据闪长岩岩石学特征,结合高An值斜长石的实验研究成果,本文认为百口泉闪长岩中的高An值斜长石不是捕虏晶,也不是闪长岩的结晶产物,而是与闪长岩成岩过程相关的循环晶。依据角闪石铝压力计的估算,闪长岩结晶于1.2~2.9kbar,与实验条件下获得的高An值斜长石产出的压力范围相符。高An值斜长石的产出表明原始岩浆具有富水、亏损的特征,对于探讨整个岩浆系统的演化过程有重要指示意义。     

Approaches to equilibrium in the distribution of trace elements among the principal minerals in a high-grade metamorphic terrane

X-ray fluorescence, instrumental neutron activation, and particle-induced X-ray emission methods were used to determine the distribution of numerous trace elements among garnet (Grt), Ca-pyroxene (Cpx), hornblende (Hbl), biotite (Bt), plagioclase (Pl) and K-feldspar (Kf) in a high-grade metamorphic terrane within the Grenville Province of the Canadian Shield. Results are presented as distribution formulae, e.g. Sr: Kf 1.1 Pl 16 Hbl 2.2 Cpx 1.0 Bt 1.2 Grt Sc: Hbl 1.1 Cpx 1.0 Grt 7.8 Bt 22 Pl 2.6 Kf V: Hbl 1.15 Bt 2.07 Cpx 6.0 Grt (1.4% CaO)>1 (Pl, Kf) Zn: Bt 1.6 Hbl 1.62 Cpx 2.9 Grt 10 Pl Ga: Bt 1.2 Hbl 1.2 Pl 2.5 Cpx 1.3 Grt where numbers are distribution ratios, e.g. ppm Sr in Hbl/ppm Sr in Cpx=2.2. Examples of inter-element similarities and differences are (a) both Rb and Cs are concentrated in biotite relative to K-feldspar, but for Rb the ratio is 2.3 and for Cs it is 16, (b) the distribution formulae for seven lanthanides are similar except for the position of garnet, e.g. Ce: Hbl 2.7 Cpx 2.8 Pl 1.1 Bt 11 Kf 16 Grt Yb: Grt 2.8 Hbl 2.7 Cpx 9 Pl 1.0 Bt 7 Kf and (c) all of Sr, eight lanthanides, Zr, V and Cr are concentrated in hornblende relative to Ca-pyroxene by a factor that lies in the narrow range of 2.2–3.1. There is a larger variation (departure from the mean) in some distribution ratios than in others. Thus the mean ratios (Hbl/Cpx) for each of six elements and in parentheses the percentage relative standard deviation are Zn 1.62 (8.6), V 2.38 (12), Cr 2.42 (18), Sr 2.7 (28), Ba 2.9 (36) and Ni 1.66 (38). We suggest that variation of this kind is the result of differences from place to place in the magnitude of deformation and recrystallization (which facilitated the rearrangement of atoms), combined with rates of lattice and crystal-boundary diffusion that are unique for the various elements, thus permitting some trace elements to approach equilibrium more closely than others.