板式橡胶支座对斜交连续梁桥地震反应的影响

为充分了解板式橡胶支座对斜交连续梁桥地震反应的影响,利用OpenSees软件建立简化的斜交桥计算模型进行时程分析,研究板式橡胶支座摩擦滑移效应,以及支座动摩擦系数、剪切刚度、局部脱空等参数对斜交桥地震反应的影响。结果表明:板式橡胶支座考虑摩擦滑移后,不仅桥面位移和转角显著增大,而且出现残余位移和残余转角;随着支座剪切刚度的增大,桥面位移和转角均明显减小;随着桥墩处支座动摩擦系数的增大,桥面位移、转角均呈增长趋势,然而桥台处支座动摩擦系数的影响与之相反;桥墩处局部支座脱空对斜交桥的影响明显大于桥台支座。     

新型土钉墙支护技术在基坑工程中的应用研究

文章结合北京市某基坑支护工程实际,介绍了一种新型的地面锚拉式土钉墙支护结构的加固机理、设计计算及应用情况等.工程实践表明该项支护技术比较适合于较厚杂填土地层的深基坑工程,其技术经济效果显著.     

徐州矿区土地利用变化遥感监测及塌陷地复垦利用研究

基于1987、1994和2000年三期TM遥感图像,将徐州矿区土地利用类型划分为建成区、耕地、林地、水体、塌陷地和其他土地等6类,编制了3个不同时段的土地利用结构变化图;提取并分析了土地利用结构转移变化的矩阵信息和土地利用结构的动态变化.研究表明:采煤塌陷土地面积在不断扩大,年均增加率为6.33%,塌陷地复垦速度仍赶不上塌陷速度.着眼于技术、规划、资金和管理等方面的综合视角,探明塌陷土地复垦的工程技术措施和对策,对于进一步加大土地复垦力度,促进矿区土地资源可持续利用,具有重要的现实意义和价值.     

利用区域辐射特性优化获取光学遥感数据

通过分析成像过程及其影响因素,提出了对成像积分时间进行控制的优化成像方法。首先建立成像参数模型,探讨了模型参数计算、成像过程中模型参数的选择,分析了图像后处理问题,并利用北京一号小卫星进行了遥感数据优化获取实验。实验结果表明,根据地物特性进行成像参数优化后获取的图像具有更宽的动态范围和更高的辐射分辨率,信息量和信噪比也大幅增强。     

LOLAS: an optical turbulence profiler in the atmospheric boundary layer with extreme altitude resolution

We report the development and first results of an instrument called Low Layer SCIDAR (Scintillation Detection and Ranging) (LOLAS) which is aimed at the measurement of optical-turbulence profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer with high altitude resolution. The method is based on the Generalized SCIDAR (GS) concept, but unlike the GS instruments which need a 1-m or larger telescope, LOLAS is implemented on a dedicated 40-cm telescope, making it an independent instrument. The system is designed for widely separated double-star targets, which enables the high altitude resolution. Using a 200-arcsec-separation double star, we have obtained turbulence profiles with unprecedented 12-m resolution. The system incorporates necessary novel algorithms for autoguiding, autofocus and image stabilization. The results presented here were obtained at Mauna Kea Observatory. They show LOLAS capabilities but cannot be considered as representative of the site. A forthcoming paper will be devoted to the site characterization. The instrument was built as part of the Ground Layer Turbulence Monitoring Campaign on Mauna Kea for Gemini Observatory.     

The NASA Lunar Impact Monitoring Program

NASA’s Meteoroid Environment Office has implemented a program to monitor the Moon for meteoroid impacts from the Marshall Space Flight Center. Using off-the-shelf telescopes and video equipment, the Moon is monitored for as many as 10 nights per month, depending on weather. Custom software automatically detects flashes which are confirmed by a second telescope, photometrically calibrated using background stars, and published on a website for correlation with other observations. Hypervelocity impact tests at the Ames Vertical Gun Range facility have begun to determine the luminous efficiency and ejecta characteristics. The purpose of this research is to define the impact ejecta environment for use by lunar spacecraft designers of the Constellation manned lunar program. The observational techniques and preliminary results will be discussed. The U.S. Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.     

当前我国农地整理有关问题探讨

耕地是土地的精华,保护耕地就是保护我们的生命线。随着经济的发展,耕地保护的形势日趋严重。如何保护耕地,怎样才能在耕地数量稳定的情况下,提高耕地对生存与发展的保障能力等已成为人们关注的焦点。文章讨论了农地整理中出现的耕地质量、生态环境等问题。并针对这些问题,提出了相应的解决对策。     

西部干旱区生态景观格局动态分析

以1982～2000年NQAA气象卫星数据为基本信息源,在AIRC／INFO支持下,将遥感影像进行分区切割,按海拔进行分类,通过对景观优势度指数、斑块密度、边缘密度和分维数等指数的计算,对西部干旱区近20年以来的景观动态特征进行了全面分析,结果表明：各类景观类型所占比例差异较大,沙漠、戈壁无植被区景观类型在本区生态景观中优势度最大,占支配地位,绿洲作为斑块镶嵌于其上;近20年,平原地区的中覆盖度草地和高覆盖度草地在研究区所占的百分比呈明显下降趋势,而绿洲所占比例呈上升趋势,表明这两类植被有相互转换的关系;平原丘陵区的自然景观斑块分维数在增长,绿洲景观类型斑块的分维值在减小,斑块形状趋于规则化。西部干旱区气候变化及人类活动已成为本地区生态景观格局变化的重要因素。     

Two-dimensional Numerical Modeling Research on Continent Subduction Dynamics

Continent subduction is one of the hot research problems in geoscience. New models presented here have been set up and two-dimensional numerical modeling research on the possibility of continental subduction has been made with the finite element software, ANSYS, based on documentary evidence and reasonable assumptions that the subduction of oceanic crust has occurred, the subduction of continental crust can take place and the process can be simplified to a discontinuous plane strain theory model. The modeling results show that it is completely possible for continental crust to be subducted to a depth of 120 km under certain circumstances and conditions. At the same time, the simulations of continental subduction under a single dynamical factor have also been made, including the pull force of the subducted oceanic lithosphere, the drag force connected with mantle convection and the push force of the mid-ocean ridge. These experiments show that the drag force connected with mantle convection is critical fo     

地震液化侧向变形对桩基受力影响及其防治措施

分析地震液化引起地基侧移作用下的受力特性,并在此基础上提出桩基由于场地地基侧移引起震害的防治措施。