基于土地利用的县域主体功能区划分研究——以湖南省北湖区为例

在城镇化进程加快、区域土地结构急剧变动的背景下,以土地利用为研究对象,从资源环境承载力、现有开发强度和发展潜力三方面,选取13个指标构建主体功能区划分指标体系,运用熵值法、多目标线性加权函数法等数理方法对县域主体功能区进行分区研究。以湖南省北湖区为例,进行了实证研究,划分为优化开发区、重点开发区、适度开发区、限制开发区、禁止开发区五类主体功能区,并结合当地实际,提出了各功能分区土地利用的主导方向与建设策略。     

南极菲尔德斯半岛土壤氮循环微生物类群数量与功能活性的初步研究

南极乔治王岛南端的菲尔德斯半岛被认为是研究南极生态与生物资源的理想之地。本研究从该半岛全岛范围采集了3类不同类型的土壤样品,采用传统最大或然法(MPN)对其所含氮循环各类群微生物的总量进行了测定,同时利用常规Griess试剂、纳氏试剂等显色法初步估算了各菌群的功能活性强度,并结合土壤理化性质和采样点生态等进行了初步分析。目的是对该半岛土壤氮循环微生物进行先期初步了解,为进一步深入研究它们的其他特性奠定基础。结果表明:13个土样中所含氮循环微生物总量趋势为氨化菌反硝化菌硝化菌和固氮菌(活菌数),除极个别样品外均具有不同程度的硝化、反硝化、氨化活性。其中,所有土壤样品均具有比较高的氨化菌含量及氨化活性强度;丘陵山坡土壤的反硝化菌含量与反硝化活性强度要高于动、植物区土壤(极个别样品除外);动物区和植物区土壤的硝化菌含量较少,但硝化活性强度较高,预示着可能存在高效功能菌株;而丘陵山坡土壤的硝化菌含量及硝化活性强度则表现得高低不一。本结果为进一步深入研究该地区氮循环微生物提供了前期参考。     

南极长城站微生物考察

198 6- 1 987年中国第三次南极考察中 ,对南极长城站空气、陆上和海滨的微生物作了考察。长城站野外空气中的微生物含量较低 ,海洋性微生物为 1 4 8.7CFU/ m3 ,陆源性微生物为 1 7.9CFU/ m3 ,表明野外空气相当洁净。室内空气微生物数比室外及野外均高得多 ,霉菌的检出率和含量都不高。微生物因人群活动和环境的不同而异。陆上的微生物含量次序是 :冰雪 <湖水 <原土等。海滨的微生物含量相当多 ,>1 0 3 CFU/ cm3 (或 g)。长城站的微生物组成有 1 1属以上 ,包括偶见的芽孢杆菌。温度试验结果表明 ,野外的大部分菌株适于低温生活。没有发现能在≥2 5℃的温度中存活者。低温是控制长城站微生物生态的一个重要因子。在长城站这类环境中 ,低温微生物对物质转化和循环发挥着持久的重要作用     

The contribution of rare species to coastal phytoplankton assemblages

Analysis of quantitative and qualitative composition of rare phytoplankton species was performed using a data set collected over a large geographic area (four eutrophic gulfs of the Aegean Sea, E. Mediterranean Sea) during 2002–2003. We examined the effects of excluding rare species on comparisons of species richness, diversity, similarity and niche breadth as well as the regional and seasonal contribution of rare species to cell abundance and carbon biomass. Overall, the total of 401 species included 182 rare species contributing 45.1% of the total species number. However, there was a considerable variation in this relationship among the other parameters, as rare species contributed only 6.4% of total cell abundance, 13.1% of total species diversity, 21.2% of total cell biovolume and 16.6% of total carbon biomass. The results showed that rarity may be a significant issue in studies detecting and quantifying phytoplankton community structure.     

Phytoplankton community characteristics in the coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea

Remote sensing applications are important in the fisheries sector and efforts were on to improve the predictions of potential fishing zones using ocean color. The present study was aimed to investigate the phytoplankton dynamics and their absorption properties in the coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea in different seasons during the year 2010 to 2011. The region exhibited 73 genera of phytoplankton from 19 orders and 41 families. The numerical abundance of phytoplankton varied from 14.235×103 to 55.075×106 cells/L. Centric diatoms dominated in the region and the largest family identified was Thalassiosiraceae with main genera as Skeletonema spp., Planktionella spp. and Thalassiosira spp. Annual variations in abundance of phytoplankton showed a typical one-peak cycle, with the highest recorded during premonsoon season and the lowest during monsoon season. The species diversity index of phytoplankton exhibited low diversity during monsoon season. Phytoplankton with pigments Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Chlorophyll c, peridinin, diadinoxanthin, fucoxanthin, β-carotene and phycoerythrobilin dominated in these waters. The knowledge on phytoplankton dynamics in coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea forms a key parameter in bio-optical models of pigments and productivity and for the interpretation of remotely sensed ocean color data.     

Spike in phytoplankton biomass in Greenland Sea during 2009 and the correlations among chlorophyll-a,aerosol optical depth and ice cover

The distributions and correlations of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a),aerosol optical depth(AOD)and ice cover in the southeast Arctic Ocean-Greenland Sea(10°W–10°E,70°–80°N)between 2003 and 2009 were studied using satellite data and statistical analyses.Regression analysis showed correlations between Chl-a and AOD,Chl-a and ice cover,and AOD and ice cover with different time lags.The time lag of Chl-a and AOD indicated their long-term equilibrium relationship.Peaks in AOD and Chl-a and generally occurred in May and July,respectively.Despite the time lag,the correlation between Chl-a and AOD in the study region was as high as 0.7.The peak gap between Chl-a and AOD shifted for about 6 weeks during 2003–2009.In the summer and autumn of 2009,Chl-a and AOD levels were much higher than during the other years,especially in the northern band of the study region(75°–80°N).The driving forces for this localized increase in phytoplankton biomass could be mainly attributed to the very high rate of ice melting in spring and early summer and the high wind speed in autumn,together with the increased deposition of aerosol throughout the year.The unusually high AOD in the spring of 2003 was mainly due to a massive fi re in Russia,which occurred in the fi rst half of the year.Over the 7 years of the study,the sea surface temperature generally decreased.This may have been due to the release of dimethylsulfi de into the air,excreted in large amounts from abundant phytoplankton biomass,and its subsequent reaction,form large amounts of aerosol,and resulting in regional cooling.     

Temporal and spatial variation of fish assemblages in Dianshan Lake,Shanghai, China

Using multi-mesh gillnets and trawls, the fish communities in Dianshan Lake at 6 stations from Oct. 2009 to Jul. 2010 were investigated seasonally to reveal the biodiversity and its spatial and temporal distribution patterns. The long-term changes in their structural characteristics were then analyzed to identify the main infl uencing factors and several measures for lake restoration were put forward. Thirty six species, belonging to 9 family and 30 genera, were collected, amongst which, the order Cypriniformes accounted for 61.1% of the total species number. In terms of importance value, Cypriniformes was the predominant group, Coilia nasus the dominant species, while Cyprinus carpio and Rhinogobius giurinus were the subdominant taxa. The community types did not differ among stations, but between seasons. There were no significant differences between seasons and among stations in species diversity, but richness differed both spatially and seasonally. Along with the process of eutrophication and the drastic reduction of the area colonized by macrophytes from 1959 to 2009–2010, the fish diversity declined markedly, and species numbers of herbivores and piscivores declined proportionately more than those of invertivores, omnivores, and planktivores. The decline of potamophilus and river-lake migratory fish was more marked than those of sedentary, river-sea migratory, and estuarine fishes. Eutrophication concomitant with sharp reduction of macrophyte area and overfishing may be the main reasons for the decline in fish diversity in Dianshan Lake.     

关于有限群超可解性的一种新判定方法

利用子群的弱s-置换性质研究超可解子群的积的问题,并给出群的超可解性的一些判别方法。设群G可以表示为2个子群A和B的积,A在G中拟正规且B为超可解,如果A的Sylow子群的所有极大子群在G中弱s-置换,则G为超可解群。从而得到1个群为超可解群的这样的一种新判别法。     

Numerical Simulation of Nutrient and Phytoplankton Dynamics in Guangxi Coastal Bays,China

The increasing riverine pollutants have resulted in nutrient enrichment and deterioration of water quality in the coastal water of Guangxi Province, China. However, the quantitative relationship between nutrient loads and water quality responses, which is crucial for developing eutrophication control strategies, is not well studied. In this study, the riverine fluxes of nutrients were quan- tified and integrated with nutrient cycling and phytoplankton dynamics by using box models for Guangxi coastal bays. The model concepts and biogeochemical equations were the same; while most model parameters were specific for each bay. The parameters were calibrated with seasonal observations during 2006--2007, and validated with yearly averaged measurements in 2009. The gen-eral features of nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics were reproduced, and the models were proved feasible under a wide range of bay conditions. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen was depleted during the spring algal bloom in Zhenzhu Bay and Fangcheng Bay with relatively less nutrient inputs. Phosphorus concentration was high in spring, which decreased then due to continuous phytoplankton consumption. Chlorophyll-a concentration reached its annual maximum in summer, but was the minimum in winter. Eutrophication was characterized by both an increase in nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass in Lianzhou Bay. Either about 80% re-duction of nitrogen or 70% reduction of phosphorus was required to control the algal bloom in Lianzhou Bay. Defects of the models were discussed and suggestions to the environmental protection of Guangxi coastal bays were proposed.