Influence of offshore topography on the amplification of infragravity oscillations within a harbor

The main purpose of this article is to systematically investigate the influence of offshore fringing reef topography on the infragravity-period harbor oscillations. The infragravity (IG) period oscillations inside an elongated harbor induced by normally-incident bichromatic wave groups are simulated using a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model, FUNWAVE 2.0. Based on an IG wave decomposition method, effects of plane reef-face slopes, reef-face profile shapes and the existence of reef ridge on bound and free IG waves and their relative components inside the harbor are comprehensively studied. For the given harbor and reef ridge, the range of the reef-face slopes and the various profile shapes studied in this paper, results show that the amplitude of the free IG waves inside the harbor increases with the increasing of the reef-face slope; while the bound IG waves inside the harbor seem insensitive to it. The effects of the profile shapes on the IG period waves inside the harbor are closely related to the width of the reef face. The existence of the reef ridge can relieve the bound IG waves to some extent when the incident short wave amplitudes are relatively large, while its effects on the free IG waves are negligible.     

Tidal effects on phytoplankton assemblages in a near‐pristine estuary: a trait‐based approach for the case of a shallow tropical ecosystem in Brazil

The study of near‐pristine estuaries can be used as a tool for mitigation projects of harmful effects in anthropogenic eutrophic systems, since one can analyze the effect of temporal and spatial variations generated mainly by natural forces. Phytoplankton taxonomy has been used as a classical indicator to assess changes in transitional water communities, however alternative methods based on morphological, behavioral and physiological traits offer the opportunity to compare sites or moments with different taxonomic compositions. Our goal, in this context, is to evaluate phytoplankton community short‐term and seasonal variability in a near‐pristine estuary, Barra Grande estuary (Ilha Grande, RJ, Brazil), through species functional traits and thus community functional diversity. Samplings were carried out in a mooring in complete tidal cycles, seasonally during 2012. Our results showed a diverse phytoplankton community with 38 frequent and abundant taxa, marked by density variation (1.2 × 10.4–2 × 10.7 cell L^?1) in depth, with abundance inversely related to tidal currents. The functional structure of the phytoplankton community measured by functional diversity (FD), varied seasonally in and across a gradient of tidal energy. A core community, mainly represented by flagellates and dinoflagellates, occurred in all observations and was highly functional (high FD), exploiting a variety of habitats. The chain‐forming diatoms were associated with high tidal energy, and occurred in higher densities during summer. Phytoplankton cell size, cell shape, and the ability to form colonies are extremely plastic traits that can be regulated by the environment, however, isolated tychopelagic diatoms were present in the study area across all seasons, with higher contributions in autumn and winter, reflecting the shallow characteristic of this system. During the winter, an exposed sandbar was formed, and the lack of connection with the ocean resulted in an abundance of riverine and brackish water taxa. In this near‐pristine estuary the densities and occurrences of HAB phytoplankton are low. Trait‐based analyses add information about community structure, which can be impacted by anthropogenic actions in urbanized coastal systems. Thus the information provided by this study regarding phytoplankton functional diversity and its relation to nutrients and hydrography in Barra Grande Estuary can be applied as a baseline model for the development of public policies.     

香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物摄食率和滤清率的研究

本文在室内条件下研究了大、中、小3种规格的香港巨牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）对牟氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros muelleri）、亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subcordiformis）、球等鞭藻（Isochrysis galbana）3种浮游植物在同等密度、同等生物量条件下的摄食率和滤清率,探讨了香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物的摄食差异及其影响因素。结果表明,在28℃水温条件下,香港巨牡蛎的单位个体滤清率和单位体质量滤清率分别为1.40~8.94 L/（ind·h）和0.86~3.17 L/（g·h）,等密度和等生物量浮游植物条件下香港巨牡蛎均表现出单位个体滤清率由高到低依次为:大规格、中规格、小规格;不同规格香港巨牡蛎的单位体质量滤清率相近。相同藻类密度条件下,香港巨牡蛎的单位体质量滤清率由高到低依次为:亚心形扁藻、球等鞭金藻、牟氏角毛藻;相同生物量条件下,香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物单位体质量滤清率由高到低依次为:球等鞭金藻、亚心形扁藻、牟氏角毛藻。香港巨牡蛎对不同浮游植物种类和密度的滤清率、摄食率差异主要是受饵料的大小、营养质量和密度等因素影响。     

中尺度涡影响下的南海西部活性铝分布

To understand the distribution of aluminum(Al) under the influence of mesocale eddies in the western South China Sea(SCS), sea level anomaly, geostrophic current, environmental parameters and reactive Al were investigated in the western SCS in August 2013. The highest reactive Al concentration((180±64) nmol/L) was observed in the surface waters, indicating a substantial atmospheric input. Vertically, the reactive Al decreased from the surface high concentration to the subsurface minima at the depth of chlorophyll a(Chl a) maxima and then increased again with depth at most of the stations. The average concentration of reactive Al in the upper 100 m water column was significantly lower in the cyclonic eddy((137±6) nmol/L) as compared with that in the noneddy waters((180±21) nmol/L). By contrast, the average concentrations of Chl a and silicate in the upper 100 m water column were higher in the cyclonic eddy and lower in the anticyclonic eddy. There was a significant negative correlation between the average concentrations of reactive Al and Chl a in the upper 100 m water column. The vertical distribution of reactive Al and the negative correlation between reactive Al and Chl a both suggest that the reactive Al in the upper water column was significantly influenced by biological removal processes. Our results indicate that mesoscale eddies could regulate the distribution of reactive Al by influencing the primary production and phytoplankton community structure in the western SCS.     

2015年春季桑沟湾浮游植物群落研究

2015年春季, 在桑沟湾海域(122.48°E～122.64°E, 37.04°N～37.14°N) 21个站位进行了水文、生物和化学的综合调查, 应用Uterm?hl方法对调查海域浮游植物的物种组成、细胞丰度、优势物种以及群落多样性等相关生态特征进行了分析。结果表明, 本次调查共鉴定浮游植物4门36属70种, 主要由硅藻和甲藻组成, 也有少数的蓝藻和金藻出现, 浮游植物生态类型主要为温带近岸型。硅藻主要优势种为具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata) 和离心列海链藻(Thalassiosira excentrica); 甲藻主要优势种为双刺原多甲藻(Protoperidinium bipes)。调查海域浮游植物细胞丰度范围为3×10³～417.4×10³个/L,平均值为130.76×10³个/L。相比历史资料, 桑沟湾浮游植物物种数整体呈下降趋势。浮游植物细胞丰度的平面分布主要由硅藻分布所决定, 呈现中部较低, 逐渐向西部与东部增加的趋势; 其垂直分布呈现随水深的增加, 先降低后升高的趋势。浮游植物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围为0.486～2.305, 平均值为1.25; Pielou均匀度指数的区间范围为0.172～0.849, 平均值为0.462。由于Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的高值区与浮游植物细胞丰度的低值区相对应, 从而说明优势种的出现会降低浮游植物的多样性。     

溶解有机物的光降解及其对浮游细菌和浮游植物的影响

作为海洋中最大的动态有机碳储库,溶解有机物的光降解(主要是紫外波段)对生源要素的生物地球化学循环以及海洋生态系统的结构和功能具有重要的影响。本文探讨了影响溶解有机物光降解的环境因素、其光化学过程和产物,并重点阐述了溶解有机物的光降解对浮游细菌和浮游植物的影响。溶解有机物的来源和成分复杂,其光降解在不同海区有不同的生态效应,为了能更准确地把握其生态效应,需要更全面和深入的研究。     

宁波市旅游娱乐用海适宜性评价和海洋功能区划完善研究

文章通过构建评价指标体系、确定指标权重、数据标准化处理和加权叠加分析,对宁波市旅游娱乐用海进行适宜性评价,将宁波市海域划为适宜区、较适宜区和一般适宜区3个等级;通过对比,宁波市海洋功能区划基本上对旅游资源进行较完善的利用但仍有不足;结合适宜性评价结果,提出完善海洋功能区划的建议,即提出应被划为旅游区的海域、可作为自然保护区和旅游区共同开发的海域以及可作为后备旅游区的海域。     

韩国京畿湾示范工程海洋空间规划的经验与启示

文章在介绍韩国海洋空间规划的发展沿革和编制流程的基础上,以京畿湾示范工程为例,研究海洋空间规划的编制方法,重点包括建立海洋空间调查和信息体系、开发并应用基于海洋生态系统的管理方法、设定示范海域的核心价值和目标以及促进利害关系人的参与等方面,为完善我国海洋功能区划制度提供借鉴和参考。     

Estimation of ecological water requirements based on habitat response to water level in Huanghe River Delta, China

In recent years,wetland ecological water requirements (EWRs) have been estimated by using hydrological and functional approaches,but those approaches have not yet been integrated for a whole ecosystem.This paper presents a new method for calculating wetland EWRs,which is based on the response of habitats to water level,and determines water level threshold through the functional integrity of habitats.Results show that in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta water levels between 5.0 m and 5.5 m are required to maintain the functional integrity of the wetland at a value higher than 0.7.One of the dominant plants in the delta,Phragmites australis,tolerates water level fluctuation of about ± 0.25 m without the change in wetland functional integrity.The minimum,optimum and maximum EWRs for the Huanghe River Delta are 9.42×106 m3,15.56×106 m3 and 24.12×106 m3 with water levels of 5.0 m,5.2 m and 5.5 m,corresponding to functional integrity indices of 0.70,0.84 and 0.72,respectively.A wetland restoration program has been performed,which aims to meet these EWRs in attempt to recover from losses of up to 98% in the delta's former wetland area.     

Bloom forming species of phytoplankton in two coastal waters in the Southeast coast of India

The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on bloom-forming phytoplankton species composition and abundance in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters(Southeast coast of India) are reported.Air and surface water temperatures(℃) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and 24.5 to 28.5,respectively,in the former waters and from 25.5 to 31.2 and 25.0 to 29.3 in the latter waters.The respective salinities varied from 6.0 to 28.5 and 5.0 to 33.1 and the respective pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3 and 7.2 and 8.3.Correspondingly,the dissolved oxygen content varied from 3.1 to 7.5 and 3.1 to 7.9 mgL-1 while the light extinction coefficient(LEC) values ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 and 1.8 and 11.0.The content ranges of inorganic nutrients,i.e.,nitrate,nitrite,phosphate and silicate(μmolL-1),in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters were:6.5-27.0;1.0-8.9;0.1-3.0 and 15.0-140 and 10.1-23.4;1.2-8.9;0.2-3.1 and 55-125 respectively.The chlorophyll a contents in both waters ranged from 2.0-7.5 μgL-1.Presently,124 phytoplankton species representing different classes were recorded in the Coleroon coast,viz,Bacillariophyceae(77);Dinophyceae(19);Cyanophyceae(15);Chlorophyceae(10) and Chrysophyceae(3),whereas 117 phytoplankton species were recorded in the Parangipettai coast,viz,Bacillariophyceae(66);Dinophyceae(22);Cyanophyceae(19);Chlorophyceae(7) and Chrysophyceae(3).The phytoplankton cell abundance in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters varied from 290 to 111662 and 140 to 132 757 cells L-1,respectively,with peak diversity(3.38 and 3.52 bits ind-1.) recorded in summer.The maximum abundance occurred in summer coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions.The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.Totally 31 and 24 species of phytoplankton were found to be bloom-forming in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters,respectively.Presently Trichodesmium bloom was also observed,which appeared at the 10 fathom level of the coastal water and quickly spread to the marine zone of the Vellar estuary and near the mouth region of the mangrove waters.The Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters are subject to long term fluctuations in physico-chemical conditions depending upon the seasonal tidal range and freshwater influx,resulting in a continuous exchange of organic,inorganic,plant and animal matters.