有限群p-超可解性的一个判别准则

为了得出群的p-超可解性的一些判别准则,引入有限群的z-置换嵌入子群的概念。设z是群G的Sylow子群的完全集,群G的一个子群H称为在G内z-置换嵌入,如果H的每个Sylow子群也是G的某个z-置换子群的Sylow子群,一些已知的结论也得到推广。     

What can we learn from genomics approaches in marine ecology? From sequences to eco‐systems biology!

The application of genomic approaches to marine biota has profoundly altered our understanding of life in the oceans, especially regarding concepts of adaptation, speciation and evolution. The avalanche of genomic data has provided an unbiased view of marine biology that has never been seen before. In particular, comparative and metagenomic approaches with microbes from different biogeochemical marine provinces provided the first insights into how they acquire and discard genes as needed, even across kingdom boundaries, in response to their environment. These data clearly reveal that marine microbes have remarkable abilities to change their genomes according to both environmental stresses and biotic interactions. Thus, it is most likely that the flux of energy and matter in the marine system is reflected by the presence or absence of genes and proteins in marine organisms, which could provide novel tools to understand biogeochemical processes of global significance. However, the challenge is to put the reductionistic knowledge gained by genomics and metagenomics into the larger contexts of cellular systems and ecosystems to identify emergent properties that could not have been predicted by breaking down the whole into its individual parts.     

2003-2004年浙江沿岸海域浮游植物的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

2003年夏季和2004年夏、秋季,分别在浙江沿岸海域10m等深线(以下称内侧海域)和50 m等深线(禁渔线附近,以下称外侧海域)处共设置37个站位,对采集于大、小潮汛期间的浮游植物样品进行了种类组成、优势种、细胞丰度分布和群落结构特征的调查研究,并分析了其分布特征与环境因子的关系.结果表明,调查海域共鉴定出浮游植物3...     

Simulation of phytoplankton biomass in Quanzhou Bay using a back propagation network model and sensitivity analysis for environmental variables

Prediction and sensitivity models,to elucidate the response of phytoplankton biomass to environmental factors in Quanzhou Bay,Fujian,China,were developed using a back propagation(BP) network.The environmental indicators of coastal phytoplankton biomass were determined and monitoring data for the bay from 2008 was used to train,test and build a three-layer BP artificial neural network with multi-input and single-output.Ten water quality parameters were used to forecast phytoplankton biomass(measured as chlorophyll-a concentration).Correlation coefficient between biomass values predicted by the model and those observed was 0.964,whilst the average relative error of the network was-3.46% and average absolute error was 10.53%.The model thus has high level of accuracy and is suitable for analysis of the influence of aquatic environmental factors on phytoplankton biomass.A global sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the influence of different environmental indicators on phytoplankton biomass.Indicators were classified according to the sensitivity of response and its risk degree.The results indicate that the parameters most relevant to phytoplankton biomass are estuary-related and include pH,sea surface temperature,sea surface salinity,chemical oxygen demand and ammonium.     

Life strategy traits of the liana Sericostachys scandens spreading in the montane forests in the Kahuzi-Biega national park (DR Congo)

Sericostachys scandens is a monocarpic and heliophilous liana, native in tropical African forests. In the montane forests of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (KBNP) (East of DR Congo), it has been expanding very strongly for a decade, and is currently considered as having negative impacts on biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we test if S. scandens differs from three co-occurring, native, non spreading lianas (Gouania longispicata, Tacazzea apiculata and Adenia bequaertii) for functional traits which might influence plant expansion. For leaf traits (SLA, dry matter content, nitrogen concentration), S. scandens did not show extreme values compared to those of the three other lianas. In contrast, S. scandens had much higher biomass allocation to sexual reproduction. It also differs from the three other lianas for its reproductive strategy that combines both vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction, and propagule dispersal by wind. Moreover, S. scandens has larger leaves and a greater number of lateral branches per unit stem length. It is argued that the particular combination of functional traits exhibited by S.scandens may in part explain its propensity to behave as an opportunistic weed in the disturbed areas in the montane forests of Kahuzi-Biega.     

新疆主要城市不同生态功能区夏季空气负离子特征

在不同天气状况下,对新疆8个主要城市5种生态功能区（林地、水体、景区、商业区和生活区）空气负离子浓度监测。结果表明：（1）不同生态功能区间空气负离子浓度差异显著（F=51.960,P= 0.000<0.001）,顺序为林地(431个/cm³)>景区(398个/cm³)=水体(398 个/cm³)>生活区(313个/cm³)>商业区(270 个/cm³);（2）各功能区空气负离子浓度日变化均表现为清晨和傍晚高于午间。单因素方差分析表明林地、水体和景区午间空气负离子浓度与清晨和傍晚的差异不显著,生活区和商业区差异显著;（3）景区和林地[WTBX]CI[WTBZ]值（0.50和0.49）处于中等清洁范围,属C级;水体和生活区[WTBX]CI[WTBZ]值（0.45和0.29）处于容许范围,属D级;商业区CI值（0.24）在临界值以下,属E级;（4）从林地、水体、景区、生活区到商业区,D级和E级天气所占比例不断增加,B级和C级天气不断减少,说明空气质量逐步下降;（5）不同天气状况下各功能区空气负离子均表现为雨天>晴天>阴天>沙尘（浮尘）。     

不同改良措施对退化羊草（Leymus chinensis）草原的影响

 对1983年通过不同改良措施（播种羊草、耙地、围栏封育）处理过的退化羊草草原群落特征进行比较研究,结果表明：虽然经过23 a的恢复,土壤条件仍有差别,经过耙地处理土壤容重最小,含水量最高;三种改良措施的增产效果都很明显,播种羊草、耙地、围栏封育的群落地上生物量比围栏外分别提高了127.30%、146.64%、138.04%;播种羊草和耙地处理的根茎禾草所占比例较高,而围栏外和围栏封育处理的丛生禾草所占的比例较高;三种改良措施中,旱生植物的绝对生物量都低于围栏外;耙地处理后群落多样性最高,而围栏外均匀性指数最高。综上所述：经过耙地改良所产生的效果维持时间最长,而播种羊草和围栏封育改良的后效依然存在。     

山东半岛城市群旅游环境承载力地域差异与功能分区

构建旅游环境承载力评价体系,提出旅游环境可持续承载度的概念与测算模型,以定量描述区域旅游环境系统的承载潜力及旅游环境可持续承载状况,为旅游环境承载力的量化测度提出一个新的研究思路.对2005年山东半岛城市群8个城市旅游环境承载力及承载状况进行实证研究,并运用聚类分析方法对山东半岛城市群旅游环境的地域差异进行评价和分析,划分出优化开发、潜力开发与合理开发三类旅游环境承载功能区,进而提出改善其旅游环境承载状况的区域优化与调控对策.     

北京市城郊农业区多功能演变的空间特征

北京市城郊农业区各圈层因自然条件、城市化、产业化的不同而承担着不同的生产/非生产性功能。应用农业多功能化推移图谱和产业经济理论对此进行了研究,分析表明北京市农业由近郊平原区到远郊山区的可分成两种演化模式:一是由现代都市型农业向传统农业推移的模式;一是呈扇形推移的农业演化模式。在距中心城市30~40 km范围内,有一个非农产业主导的城乡功能推移的分界区。该区以外,现代特色农业、休闲农业等成为农村经济的主导;其非生产性功能逐渐增强,生态功能更成为中远圈层多种功能的主导。     

不同演替阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤因子与叶功能性状关系研究

植物功能性状与环境之间的关系是功能性状研究的重点,环境因子驱使植物功能性状发生变化,进而推动群落发生演替.本研究以民勤不同演替阶段(发育阶段、稳定阶段、衰退阶段、严重衰退阶段)白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)灌丛沙堆为研究对象,分析不同演替阶段白刺叶功能性状差异及其与土壤因子的关系,旨在揭示白刺对干旱荒漠...