基于Ecopath模型的海州湾及邻近海域生态系统结构研究

基于2018年海州湾及邻近海域的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,运用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5 (EwE)软件构建由26个功能群组成的海州湾及邻近海域生态系统Ecopath模型,对现阶段该生态系统的营养结构、营养相互关系和系统总特征等进行分析,旨在为实施基于生态系统的渔业管理提供理论依据。结果表明:海州湾及邻近海域生态系统各功能群的营养级范围为1.00～4.19,其中鱼类营养级范围较广,为3.22～4.19;浮游动物和其他软体动物受初级生产者和捕食者的双重作用,处于重要的营养位置;生态系统总体特征分析显示,该生态系统的总初级生产量与总呼吸量的比值为7.096,总初级生产量与总生物量的比值为56.866,系统的连接指数和系统杂食指数分别为0.429和0.204,说明该生态系统目前处于不成熟、不稳定的状态,容易受外界扰动的影响。本文通过对海州湾及邻近海域生态系统模型进行研究,解析了该海域营养结构和系统发育状况,将为海州湾渔业资源的可持续利用和科学管理提供理论依据。     

2015年夏季海南岛东部沿岸物理结构及浮游植物群落

琼东上升流（EHU）是南海北部最强劲的上升流系统之一。它的水动力过程已经被很多研究所揭示,但是它的浮游植物群落依然不清楚。通过利用卫星遥感数据和2015年上升流季节的航次数据,我们首次阐明了琼东上升流区域（EHU）和其临近区域雷州半岛东部上升流区（ELPU）浮游植物生物量和群落的空间结构。在夏季季风的驱动下,我们在琼东沿岸发现了一个显著的低温高盐冷舌。由于雷州半岛东部大陆架宽广平缓,ELPU比EHU相对较弱。在EHU,由于受潮汐和风浪混合的影响,高溶解氧浓度 (>6.0 mg/l)几乎从表层延伸到30米深度。其次,低溶解氧的海水(<6.0 mg/l, 缺氧)被上升流从底层抽吸到上层。ELPU和EHU相比有更差的DO状况,在EHU,底层DO浓度由于大量的消耗,浓度甚至低于3.5 mg/l。在EHU,浮游植物生物量最大值出现在30米水层而不是在表层,约为1.5 mg/m³。这表明了上升流对于浮游植物生长和DO分布的影响范围。由于营养物质输入丰富, ELPU处的浮游植物生物量比EHU高很多。在EHU处,浮游植物生物量最大值可以达到4.0 mg/m³。浮游植物生物量在EHU和ELPU的沿岸区域则降低到了大约0.2~0.3 mg/m³,而这个值与远海接近。在EHU的近岸,浮游植物群落结构被硅藻所主宰,大约占了浮游植物生物量的50%。原核生物（大约40%）、绿藻（大约20%）、原绿球藻（大约20%）组成了EHU的近岸的主要群落。在ELPU,硅藻大约占了浮游植物生物量的80%,其次是绿藻,这表明与EHU相比,这个区域是一个相对不同的生态系统。     

春、秋季考洲洋海水质量状况及评价方法初探

文章利用2017年11月（秋季）和2018年4月（春季）对惠州考洲洋海域开展的两个航次水环境调查数据,分析了考洲洋海域表层溶解氧（DO）、化学需氧量(COD)、无机氮(DIN)、无机磷(DIP)和石油类（OIL）等典型水质因子的水平分布和季节变化情况。结果表明,秋季溶解氧、化学需氧量、石油类分别在盐洲岛以东附近海域、考洲洋湾顶海域和盐洲岛东南海域出现高值区,而无机氮在整个考洲洋无明显区域分布差异,无机磷含量呈现考洲洋内湾到湾口逐渐递减的趋势;春季化学需氧量、无机磷均在考洲洋湾顶出现高值区域,无机氮在盐洲岛以东附近海域出现高值区,而溶解氧和石油类无明显变化。从季节变化来看,秋季考洲洋海域溶解氧、化学需氧量和石油类平均含量均比春季高;无机氮、无机磷则相反,平均含量秋季低于春季。同时,文章还分别利用单因子和综合因子方法对海水有机污染状况进行评价并对其进行比较分析,结果表明,有机污染评价指数法可充分考虑多种水质因子,更适合对考洲洋水环境质量进行评价,得到较为客观的综合评价结果。     

Objective and framework for territorial development in China

This paper analyzes the present situation of China’s territorial development and holds that the spatial framework for socio-economic development can not be naturally extended under the present conditions. Hence it is necessary to strengthen rationally spatial agglomeration. The basic concept and framework for future territorial development are raised based on the elaboration of factors affecting the territorial development of China. Foundation item Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40871071)     

生态系统服务功能动态区划方法与应用

开展区域生态系统服务功能动态区划,对生态系统服务功能的分区管理具有重要的指导价值。本文介绍了生态系统服务功能区划的方法--生态系统服务功能动态区划系统(SIZES)。该方法包括生态系统服务功能多层次表征、位序矩阵生成、核心生态系统服务功能空间辨识和动态区划边界生成四个模块,它们能实现生态系统服务功能动态区划边界的生成。其中,生态系统服务功能多层次表征模块和动态区划边界生成模块是主要模块,而构建生态系统服务功能表征指标体系和生成区划单元是该方法的关键所在。利用SIZES将锡林郭勒盟划分为6个生态系统服务功能区,科学合理地解释了该区生态系统服务功能空间分异规律,为指导该区生态系统服务功能分区管理,提供了具有时空特性的决策参考信息。     

Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community Structure During and After a Bloom of the Dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea by HPLC Pigment Analysis

A bloom of the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea was detected for the first time in inner Tolo Harbor,Hong Kong in 2 000. Water samples were collected at eight stations along a transect passing through a red tide patch for microscopic analysis of phytoplankton composition and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis of phytoplankton pigments. During the bloom,the density of dinoflagellates was 1.1×106 cells L-1 within the patch and 8.6×105 cells L-1 outside the patch where the phytoplankto...     

2006年冬季北黄海网采浮游植物群落结构

根据2006年12月30日—至2007年1月17日北黄海的调查资料,对该海域浮游植物的种类组成、优势种、丰度及其分布和多样性等基本状况进行了分析。本次调查共鉴定浮游植物4门68属131种,主要以温带近岸和广布性种为主,其中硅藻有53属113种,占总种数的86.3%,甲藻有11属16种,占总种数的12.2%。浮游植物丰度平均值为88.89×104个/m3,硅藻丰度平均值为86.58×104个/m3,甲藻丰度平均值为2.28×104个/m3,硅藻丰度分布趋势决定了浮游植物丰度的分布趋势。辽宁南岸是浮游植物密集区,山东半岛北岸其次,而北黄海中部是浮游植物的稀疏区。优势种为:短角弯角藻(Eucampia zodiacus)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseu-do-nitzschia pungens)、密连角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus)、柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis)、刚毛根管藻(Rhizosolenia setigera)。浮游植物群落Shannon-Weiner物种多样性指数平均值为1.80,Peilou均匀度指数平均值为0.42。与1959年1月相比,2007年1月北黄海浮游植物丰度由150.00×104个/m3降为88.89×104个/m3,下降了近41%,硅藻丰度由148.00×104个/m3降为86.58×104个/m3,而甲藻丰度由1.25×104个/m3上升为2.28×104个/m3,占浮游植物丰度的比例由0.8%上升为2.5%。主要优势种及优势属也发生了一定程度的变化,但浮游植物群落结构仍以硅藻为主、甲藻其次,浮游植物丰度总的分布格局变化不明显。     

Fish composition and assemblage structure in three Eastern English Channel macrotidal estuaries: A comparison with other French estuaries

This study has analysed for the first time fish composition and assemblage structures of three small macrotidal estuaries of the Eastern English Channel (EEC) and has explored the influences of 19 biotic and abiotic variables on the fish assemblages. Fish from Canche, Authie and Somme estuaries were collected during spring (June 2006 and May 2007) and autumn (September 2006) along the estuarine gradients using a 1.5 m beam trawl. Using identical sampling protocols, the study also analysed and compared for the first time taxonomic and functional aspects of the fish assemblages in 15 estuaries located along the Atlantic and English Channel coasts. SIMPER analysis showed high similarities in fish assemblages in the three EEC estuaries and during either spring or autumn periods. However, intra-estuary similarities were relatively low, indicating that fish assemblage structures (species richnesses or abundances) were more variable within the estuary (salinity gradient) than between estuaries and/or seasons (spring vs autumn). Although numerous environmental variables were included in the study, only 47% of the variability observed in the fish distribution was explained. Fish spatial variations in the EEC estuaries are mostly driven by abiotic variables as opposed to biological interactions. As indicated by CCA, salinity and muddy sediments were the two most important factors structuring the fish assemblages. The macrobenthos being very abundant in the EEC estuaries (580–1121 ind. m⁻²), the availability of potential prey is probably not a limiting factor in the utilization of estuaries by fish. Contrary to the majority of French estuaries dominated by estuarine species (ES), the fish assemblages of the EEC estuaries are clearly dominated by marine migrant (MM) species (65% on average) with high abundance of juveniles (mostly young-of-the-year). Cluster and SIMPROF's analyses distinguished the functional structure of the 15 estuarine fish assemblages into different clusters. The three EEC estuaries form a similar group with the largest French estuaries (Seine, Loire and Gironde). The latters were characterized by higher MM/ES ratio compared to the other French estuaries. Freshwater flow and tidal range were the main factors associated with this group of estuaries. The results of the present study do not indicate that anthropogenic impacts (chemical contamination) on estuaries affect their ecological functioning as described by the fish ecological guilds. It is suggested that the guild approach may not be useful to provide valuable information on the ecological status of estuaries.