夏季新安江水库(千岛湖)颗粒物吸收光谱特征分析

通过对2013年夏季新安江水库(千岛湖)53个站点悬浮颗粒物的吸收光谱进行研究,系统分析了总颗粒物吸收系数ap(λ)、非藻类颗粒物吸收系数ad(λ)和浮游藻类光谱吸收系数aph(λ)的变化规律以及影响因素.结果表明:总颗粒物吸收除西北河流区上游段外,其他各站点均呈现出明显的浮游藻类吸收特性,反映新安江水库总颗粒物中浮游藻类贡献较高.全库ap(440)在0.068 ～0.629 m-1之间变化,西北河流区总颗粒物吸收系数显著大于其他水域,而湖泊区与西南河流区则显著小于其他水域.非藻类颗粒物吸收光谱随着波长增加大致呈现出指数函数衰减的规律,其光谱斜率Sd均值为8.52±1.62μm-1,存在显著的空间差异,但整体偏低,与新安江水库无机颗粒物含量低有关.ad (440)与浮游藻类色素浓度存在显著的线性相关,表明夏季新安江水库非藻类颗粒物可能主要来源于浮游藻类降解.浮游藻类的光谱吸收在440和675 nm附近有明显的吸收峰.aph(440)和aph(675)存在显著的空间差异,其与浮游藻类色素浓度存在极显著的正线性关系,而与总悬浮颗粒物浓度相关性较弱.     

太湖浮游藻类的后向散射分离及其叶绿素a浓度反演

浮游藻类的后向散射是水体光谱构成的重要组成部分,作为水体辐射传输模型中的重要参数,高精度的藻类后向散射系数对水体叶绿素a浓度的遥感反演精度至关重要。本文以简化的辐射传输模型-生物光学模型为基础,尝试性分离了太湖浮游藻类的后向散射系数。通过藻类后向散射规律分析,建立了浮游藻类吸收、后向散射特征的叶绿素a反演模型,改善了叶绿素a浓度的遥感反演精度。分析表明：藻类颗粒物的后向散射系数与吸收系数之间存在反比关系,且在560 nm、700 nm附近存在明显的散射峰,与叶绿素a浓度之间相关性显著;低密度藻类水体总悬浮颗粒的后向散射以非色素颗粒为主导,适合采用经典的指数模型模拟后向散射系数,而藻类密度较高的富营养化水体,水体总悬浮颗粒的后向散射以藻类颗粒为主导,传统的指数模型已不适用;采用分离藻类后向散射系数的方法,使得叶绿素a浓度的反演值与真实值相关系数从0.66提高到0.98,相对误差从55%降低到38%,均方根误差(RMSE)也由60.95 μg/L降低至13.98 μg/L。其真实性检验表明,与经典指数模型方法相比,利用藻类颗粒后向散射分离方法反演叶绿素a浓度,能够显著改善反演精度。     

A dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cochlodinium geminatum</Emphasis> bloom in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary in autumn 2009

A severe Cochlodinium geminatum red tide (>300 km2) was observed in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary, South China Sea in autumn 2009. We evaluated the environmental conditions and phytoplankton community structure during the outbreak. The red tide water mass had significantly higher dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), ammonia, and temperature, but significantly lower nitrite, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and DIN/DIP relative to the non-red-tide zones. The phytoplankton assemblage was dominated by dinoflagellates and diatoms during the red tide. C. geminatum was the most abundant species, with a peak density of 4.13×107 cell/L, accounting for >65% of the total phytoplankton density. The DIN/DIP ratio was the most important predictor of species, accounting for 12.45% of the total variation in the phytoplankton community. Heavy phosphorus loading, low precipitation, and severe saline intrusion were likely responsible for the bloom of C. geminatum.     

The influence of hydrography on the distribution of phytoplankton in the southern Taiwan Strait

During the period August 1985 to May 1986, phytoplankton in the southern Taiwan Strait was collected and studied for distributional variability in relation to hydrography. The results indicated that maximum standing crops of phytoplankton occurred in October and May due to the outgrowth of certain species of diatoms and blue-green algae. The majority of phytoplankton appeared in the water in the top 25 m and occurred in distinct clusters under the influence of water movement. Multivariate analysis indicated that hydrographic parameters, which accounted for the variability of phytoplankton distribution, varied seasonally. Vertical, spatial and temporal variabilities were also apparent. The close relationship between hydrography and algal distribution justifies the use of variations in the phytoplankton population as a useful tracer of water movement.     

Distributions of Picophytoplankton and Phytoplankton Pigments Along a Salinity Gradient in the Changjiang River Estuary,China

We investigated the abundance of different picophytoplankton groups and the phytoplankton pigment ratio in relation to environmental factors such as nutrients and suspended solids along a salinity gradient in the Changjiang River Estuary.The average numbers of Synechococcus spp.（Syn） and picoeukaryotes （Euk） were （2.7 ±5.1）×l03 and （1.1±1.4）×l03 cells mL-1,respectively.Prochlorococcus spp.（Pro） was only found in the high-salinity brackish water with the concentration of 3.0× 10^3 cells mL-1.Syn and Euk numbers both tended to increase offshore and Syn showed a larger variation in cell abundance than Euk.The contribution of picophytoplankton to total phytoplankton biomass increased with increasing salinity and decreasing nutrient concentrations from the estuary to the open ocean.The response of different picophytoplankton groups to environmental variables was different.Water temperature was more important in its control over Euk than over Syn,while nutrients were more important in their influence over Syn than over Euk.Phytoplankton pigment ratios were different in the three different ecological zones along the salinity gradient （i.e.,freshwater zone with 0-5 range,fresh and saline water mixing zone with 5-20 range,and high-salinity brackish water zone with 20-32 range）,where three different phytoplankton communities were discovered,suggesting that phytoplankton pigment ratios can be considered as a complementary indicator of phytoplankton community structure in the Changjiang River Estuary.     

2011年辽宁东港赤潮监控区浮游植物群落结构特征

研究了辽宁东港鸭绿江口海域赤潮监控区6个测站的浮游植物种类组成、数量分布和群落结构特征.2011年5-10月浮游植物数量变化范围为9.80伊104~3.66伊108个/m3,浮游植物数量高峰出现在春季5月,最低值出现在夏季8月.共发现浮游植物4门33属70种,其中硅藻27属57种,甲藻4属11种,黄藻 1 属 1种,金藻 1 属 1种.优势种为尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、窄隙角毛藻(Chaetoceros affinis)和夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans),均为赤潮生物种.春季5月多样性指数和均匀度指数较低,但优势度指数较高,优势种是尖刺拟菱形藻,成为形成赤潮的潜在生物要素.     

北极王湾海域浮游植物对光照和盐度变化的适应性研究

2006年夏末,对北极黄河站附近的王湾(Kongsfjorden)海域基础环境特征进行调查,并采用模拟实验研究了该海域浮游植物对光照和盐度变化的适应性。结果显示:浮游植物群落在无光照条件下培养1天或者1周后,叶绿素a浓度基本保持稳定或略有下降;随后将其置于自然光下培养,叶绿素a浓度呈现先明显下降、后稳步上升的趋势。在盐度实验中,稀释倍率为10%时,浮游植物群落生长速率达到最大值,但将稀释倍率增大到一定程度(≥40%)时,低盐会限制浮游植物生长。研究显示,夏末王湾海域浮游植物群落对低光照环境具有一定的适应性;另外,由于低稀释率能促进浮游植物的生长,湾外由于受到融水影响的程度较小,因而有益于浮游植物的生长。     

浮游植物metacaspase的分布、结构及其功能特性

精氨酸/赖氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶(Metacaspase)在浮游植物程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death.PCD)过程中起着关键作用。本文利用生物信息学方法分析metacaspase基因在浮游植物中的分布,并以海洋球石藻(Emilianiahuxleyi)metacaspases(EhMCs)为代表分析其结构和功能,依据Uniprot和String数据库挖掘与metacaspase功能相关并参与浮游植物PCD过程的互作蛋白。结果发现:共计29条、四种类型的metacaspases分布于11种浮游植物中,它们的metacaspase蛋白一级结构存在明显差异,但位于p20的组氨酸和半胱氨酸活性位点均具有高度的保守性;EhMCs三级结构与酵母的metacaspase十分相似,暗示它们具有类似的功能;浮游植物metacaspases与多种蛋白存在直接或间接的互作关系,在细胞PCD过程、响应环境胁迫和能量代谢等方面发挥重要作用。另外.metacaspase的磷酸化修饰可能在浮游植物PCD信号转导过程中起调节作用。     

日照港和邻近锚地及其入境船舶压舱水中浮游植物群集结构的特征

根据2003年10月到2004年3月间日照港和邻近锚地水域及其船舶压舱水中的浮游植物调查资料,对浮游植物的群集结构和压舱水对其影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,日照港的浮游植物群集主要由温带沿岸性物种组成,以硅藻为主,还有少量的甲藻。对比船舶压舱水中浮游植物群集发现:压舱水中浮游植物群集和本地群集结构有很大的差异,有害物种在压舱水中所占的比例较高。