云南省江城地区盐盆地重力勘探与深部找钾启示

云南省江城勐野井钾盐矿是目前我国发现的唯一固体钾盐矿。该地区地质构造复杂,近几年通过野外地质、地球物理及钻井勘探 ,认为钾盐来自深部侏罗系,并沿断裂构造带挤压塑流到表层,可能在深部还存在大面积的“盐源”。为实现找矿突破,亟须了解控制盐矿形成的构造及围岩的三维结构特征。通过对江城地区高精度重力数据位场分离、边缘检测、3D物性反演的地球物理处理与解释,获得了勐野井地区江城湖盆的基底变化、断裂展布等地质信息,确定了研究区构造格架、地下密度体的三维分布与岩盐矿的关系,推断在勐野井矿区西北深部可能还有侏罗系盐岩甚至钾盐的存在,该地区将是未来找矿工作的重点。研究成果为江城地区下一步钾盐矿勘查提供了线索和依据。     

辽河盆地曙1区稠油油藏中原油的混聚及其勘探开发意义

本文通过辽河盆地曙1 区稠油地化特征的非均质分析确认了原油混聚的存在,并认为这是第三纪以来来自相邻凹陷内沙四油气两期充注的结果。这一发现对本区的石油勘探开发具有重要的实际价值。     

Rock Mass Characteristics in Beishan, A Preselected Area for China’s High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal

Geological and hydrological characteristics, joint geometric features, rock physical and mechanical properties and rock mass quality are studied in the Beishan area, preselected for China’s high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal engineering. A comprehensive survey method is developed to study joint geometric features in the outcrop and samples from borehole BS06 into the Xinchang rock mass were tested. The optimal joint sets are determined by rose diagrams and equal-area lower hemisphere plots of joint poles. Results show that: 1) the distribution of joint occurrence obeys a normal distribution, while the distribution of joint spacing obeys a negative exponential distribution; 2) concentric circular and tangent circular sampling windows are applied to study the trace length and the trace midpoint density. Results indicate that tangent circular sampling window is more stable and reasonable; 3) Beishan granite shows high density, low porosity and high strength based on many laboratory tests and the physical properties and mechanical properties are closely related; and 4) a synthesis index, Joint Structure Rating (JSR), is applied to evaluate the quality of rock mass. Through the research results of rock mass characteristics, the Xinchang rock mass in the Beishan preselected area has the favorable conditions for China’s HLW disposal repository site.     

岩石圈构造变形的物理模拟实验研究现状

在介绍物理模拟实验研究方法的基础上,系统概括了常规重力模拟实验的主要进展,研究内容以及模型相似性的研究现状。其研究进展 现在驱动自动化和观察,记录,测试系统数字化;模型结构多层化和实验材料多样化;模型相似半定量化。     

A hybrid computational approach to formulate soil deformation moduli obtained from PLT

In this study, new empirical equations were developed to predict the soil deformation moduli utilizing a hybrid method coupling genetic programming and simulated annealing, called GP/SA. The proposed models relate secant (E_s), unloading (E_u) and reloading (E_r) moduli obtained from plate load–settlement curves to the basic soil physical properties. Several models with different combinations of the influencing parameters were developed and checked to select the best GP/SA models. The database used for developing the models was established upon a series of plate load tests (PLT) conducted on different soil types at various depths. The validity of the models was tested using parts of the test results that were not included in the analysis. The validation of the models was further verified using several statistical criteria. A traditional GP analysis was performed to benchmark the GP/SA models. The contributions of the parameters affecting E_s, E_u and E_r were analyzed through a sensitivity analysis. The proposed models are able to estimate the soil deformation moduli with an acceptable degree of accuracy. The E_s prediction model has a remarkably better performance than the models developed for predicting E_u and E_r. The simplified formulations for E_s, E_u and E_r provide significantly better results than the GP-based models and empirical models found in the literature.     

Research Progress and Development Tendency About Thermal Physical Properties of Rocks

The fundamental researches about thermal physical properties of rocks have much concern in oil and gas field. They go through four stages and are applied in thermal structure of lithosphere, thermal evolution of sedimentary basins, geotechnical engineering and geothermal area. This article summarized the current research progress on the basis of thermal physical properties of rocks and proposed the development of tendency for the future. Moreover, some cylindrical heat pipe, disc heat pipe, spherical heat pipe based on in-situ measurement method and prediction model based on mathematical statistics have been developed. The scholars discuss the internal relation between thermal conductivity parameter of rocks and other physical properties by a large number of experiments. The researches show that the thermal conductivity of rocks is affected by many factors, and the petrologic characteristic is the most important factor. The porosity of rocks, filled fluid properties, acoustic characteristics are also related to thermal conductivity, which is affected by temperature, pressure and anisotropy. In consideration of the study of thermal physical properties of rocks, we proposed the following tendency for the future. First of all, shale gas is regarded as a hot spot in oil-gas exploration and the formation mechanism and the formation of shale gas reservoir are under the control of thermal physical properties of shale gas, but the relationship among thermal conductivity and organic porous, organic carbon content, gas content, fractured characteristics remains unknown. Therefore, exploring the thermal physical properties of gas-bearing shale is an important research direction in oil and gas field. Secondly, the study of big data represents the general trend. Though the database of rocks thermal parameter is continually expanding, measuring in-situ thermal conductivity continuously in well is the best method to get the accurate in-situ thermal conductivity of rocks. Hence, the development of logging method principle and logging instruments based on thermal physical properties of rocks is a necessary trend for the future.     

后撤式逆冲推覆断层成因机制及物理模拟——以准噶尔盆地西北缘克-百断裂带为例

位于准噶尔盆地西北缘中段的克-百断裂带,晚二叠世以来发育了一系列后撤式逆冲断层。长期以来,关于克-百断裂带高角度逆冲断层的成因机制一直处于争论当中,后撤式逆冲断层的物理模拟在国内尚未见文献报道。论文通过地震解释研究了克-百断裂带的构造变形特征及其演化阶段;应用断层"活动性系数"理论,半定量地描述了挤压条件下断层"活动性系数"、摩擦系数与断层倾角之间的关系,证明了挤压条件下也能形成高角度逆断层;结合"造山楔"理论解释了后撤式逆冲断层的成因机制。研究认为,克-百断裂带后撤式逆冲断层是印支期、燕山期持续挤压和扎伊尔山隆升效应综合作用的产物:挤压过程中发生"泊松效应",随着断层倾角增大,断层面上的正压力迅速增大、"活动性系数"降低,当倾角增大到一个临界值后断层停止活动,形成高角度的逆断层;同时扎伊尔山隆升造成挤压应力上移,为断层的后撤奠定了基础。最后利用砂箱物理实验模拟了克-百断裂带后撤式逆冲断层的形成过程。     

循环冻融条件下安山岩和花岗岩的物理力学特性试验研究

结合青藏铁路块石护坡路基处于青藏高原特殊的气候条件,对用于青藏铁路护坡的两种主要岩石（花岗岩和安山岩）进行循环冻融试验.结果表明:两种岩石在经历了数次冻融循环后都出现了微细裂纹;声波监测表明,超声波速同冻融循环周期呈指数下降关系,显示了冻融循环对岩石风化的影响以及循环后岩石物理力学参数变化的趋势.结果说明,花岗岩的冻融...     

鄂尔多斯盆地中南部三叠系延长组8油层组成岩作用及其对储层物性的控制

鄂尔多斯盆地中南部延长组8油层组主要成岩作用包括压实作用、石英次生加大、自生绿泥石膜生长、次生高岭石化、连晶方解石交代、长石溶蚀。根据铸体薄片,碳氧同位素分析,确定了各种主要成岩产物的空间分布和成因,分析了成岩产物分布与现今总面孔率的关系,从而确定8油层组的物性主要受石英次生加大、连晶方解石、长石溶孔、剩余原生孔隙分布的控制。石英次生加大和连晶方解石发育的地方,储层物性差;具自生绿泥石膜的剩余原生孔隙和长石溶孔发育的地方,储层物性好。     

天津蓟县锰方硼石矿床

蓟县锰方硼石矿床发现于1971年,是世界上第一个独立形成矿体的锰方硼石矿床.锰方硼石为白色、浅黄色,是一种稀有矿物.矿床赋存于高于庄组桑树鞍亚组中,在蓟县该矿带东西延长30 km,向北西及南东分别延至平谷及遵化.现已勘探完毕的东水厂矿区,从经济意义上讲,它是最大的锰方硼石矿床.文中在以往研究的基础上对该矿床特征及矿物物理化学性质作进一步的研究.