岩体裂隙充水后对拐角频率的影响

2002年在浙江温州的珊溪水库发生了一系列水库诱发地震，其拐角频率明显小于同震级的构造地震。本从二相介质理论出发，讨论了水库岩体在扩容、流体渗入饱和和强度弱化过程中波速和波速比的变化以及对拐角频率的影响。根据实验结果，当孔隙度为0．15，岩体弹性模量减小23％时，拐角频率可以减小约29％。由此解释了水库诱发地震拐角频率偏小主要是由裂隙发育和库水渗透扩散使地壳浅部岩体强度弱化引起的。因此拐角频率可以作为区别两的一个依据。     

Seismicity research in the subregions of Chinese mainland using strain accumulating and releasing model based on G-R relation

Introduction Earthquake activity analysis in different sub-regions in Chinese mainland shows that the dis- tribution of strong earthquakes exhibits the different spatial patterns in different periods. Seismic activity in the same earthquake area or seismic belt is self-similar to some extent, and the charac- teristic in time is some ″periodicity-like″. It shows that the frequency and intensity are quite dif- ferent in different periods (SHI et al, 1997). For a seismic region, strain is one…     

Preliminary magnetic studies of lagoon and stream sediments from Chascomús Area (Argentina)—magnetic parameters as indicators of heavy metal pollution and some results of using an experimental method to separate magnetic phases

Magnetic properties of lagoon and stream sediments from Chascomús area (Buenos Aires Province) and the relevance of various magnetic parameters as giving pollution status are studied in the present work. This work is focussed on magnetic parameters, such as concentration-dependent (magnetic susceptibility, saturation anhysteric and isothermal remanent magnetisation) and feature-dependent parameters (S-ratio, coercivity of remanence, anhysteric susceptibility/magnetic susceptibility-ratio), as pollution indicators. Firstly and most importantly, different magnetic parameters and chemical measurements were correlated in order to investigate their goodness, obtaining the best results for feature-dependent magnetic parameters. Coercivity of remanence correlate very well with chemical variables, showing correlations at high level of significance up to 0.9094, and the anhysteric susceptibility/magnetic susceptibility-ratio also shows very good correlations (up to 0.8376). Some results and advantages of using a new experimental method in order to discriminate hard and soft magnetic phases are also shown. This method uses alternately backfield isothermal remanent magnetisation and alternating field demagnetisation. From the experimental separation, the presence of hard magnetic phases in some samples was confirmed.     

江汉盆地白垩系渔洋组砂岩的成岩作用及其热力学分析

江汉盆地白垩系渔洋组砂岩存在五种类型的成岩作用。其中,与油气运移有关并对储层孔隙演化产生重要影响的是硬石膏的胶结与交代作用和后期方解石再次胶结作用。为了更好的研究成岩作用发生的控制因素以及成岩环境的变化,我们通过细致的热力学推导,绘制出包含方解石、白云石和硬石膏等矿物相在内的五组分相图。通过相图分析可以看出,pH 值在成岩作用过程中有着重要的作用。方解石和白云石的胶结及交代作用代表了偏中性或碱性的成岩环境;而硬石膏的胶结及交代作用则表明成岩环境由中性或碱性向酸性转变,例如酸性的油气前锋流体的注入。另外,成岩环境中阳离子(Ca~(2 )、Mg~(2 ))和阴离子(CO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))的浓度对方解石、白云石和硬石膏的胶结、溶解及交代作用也有重要影响。     

官地银金矿床氧化带划分的试验研究及物相锰在贫硫化物型银矿床中的应用

官地银金矿床的原生矿石和氧化矿石在矿石颜色、矿物粒度、矿物组合和银金赋存状态均有明显差异。因此,氧化矿石在采矿和选矿上只能采取单采单选的方法。通过官地银金矿床银的物相、铅锌物相和铁锰物相的试验研究,来划分氧化带的范围和确定其埋深。官地银金矿床是应用物相锰来划分氧化带,即锰氧化率＝Ｍｎ４＋／ＴＭｎ×１００％,当锰氧化率≥２５％时划为氧化矿,＜２５％时划为原生矿,这一试验研究成果为官地银金矿床选择采选方案提供科学试验依据。     

流动站与参考站不同采样率GPS数据的处理策略

针对GPS流动站与参考站采用不同采样率的特殊应用情况,当观测数据不同步时,采用历元间的相位差分计算流动站的高精度"伪距",进而单独进行导航定位解算;当流动站与参考站观测数据同步时,采用双差模式。该方案不但充分利用了观测数据,而且可以节省数据采集和传输及运算的成本。飞机导航试验的数据解算表明,采用这种方法,流动站的定位精度可以达到cm级,而且位置更新率较高。     

Crystallisation of sodium sulfate: supersaturation and metastable phases

Crystallisation of sodium sulfate solutions by evaporation under controlled climatic conditions has revealed the existence of crystalline hydrated sodium sulfate salts not previously reported. The sodium sulfate phase crystallising and the concentration of the solution at the point of crystallisation depends on the climatic conditions (temperature and evaporation rate). During the rehydration of the anhydrous sodium sulfate phase, thenardite, another previously unreported phase was formed prior to the nucleation of the stable phase, mirabilite Na₂SO₄ · 10H₂O. The addition of organic inhibitors changes both the crystallisation and the rehydration behavior in this system.     

Lacustrine transgressions in the late Cenozoic Ussuri-Khanka depression (Primor’e)

In the Ussuri-Khanka depression of Primorye, the Quaternary alluvial-lacustrine and lacustrine sedimentogenesis progressed under conditions of transgressive accumulation in response to the depression tectonic subsidence and recurrent climatic fluctuations. The alluvial dams and irregular accumulation are proved to have been the leading factors of lakes’ formation within the depression. As is shown, fluctuations of the water level in limnic reservoirs depended on the climatic changes. New data considered in this work confirm the lacustrine genesis of a greater part of the Middle Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentary succession in the Khanka depression. Two transgressive phases, when the water level in the lakes rose by 1.5–2.0 m above the present one, are established for the Subboreal. The general conclusion is that the mesorhythmic structure of the sedimentary succession in the Ussuri-Khanka depression reflects the influence of climatic fluctuations in the Late Cenozoic.     

Contact metamorphism and crystal size distribution studies in the Shivar aureole,NW Iran

The Shivar pluton, a large granodiorite–monzonite intrusion in NW Iran, was intruded into Cretaceous sedimentary rocks during the Oligo‐Miocene. Its thermal aureole contains a variety of pelitic, basic and calc‐silicate hornfelses. Mineral parageneses in the pelitic and calc‐silicate hornfelses are studied here and mineralogical zones are determined. The maximum pressure of contact metamorphism is estimated to have been about 2.2 kbar on the basis of mineral parageneses in the pelitic rocks, indicating that the intrusion was emplaced no deeper than 8 km in the crust. Crystal size distribution (CSD) studies in the calc‐silicate hornfelses indicate that the degree of overstepping was high near the igneous contact. Secondary solid phases (SSP) inhibited growth of calcite grains in the calc‐silicate rocks and impure marbles. Garnet had a greater inhibitory effect as a SSP than tremolite or clinopyroxene. The time required for coarsening of calcite is calculated for two samples collected at different distances from the igneous contact. The time required for calcite coarsening is about 33 000 years for the sample 800 m from the contact and about 226 000 years for the sample 120 m from the contact. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.