山东省优势大地构造相划分初步方案

大地构造相是反映陆块区、造山系和叠加造山-裂谷相系形成演变过程中的一套岩石构造组合,是表达大陆岩石圈板块经历离散、聚合、碰撞、造山等动力学和地质构造作用过程而形成的综合产物。根据优势大地构造相的划分原则与沉积岩、火山岩、侵入岩和变质岩建造构造等特征,山东大地构造相可划分为3个相系(Ⅰ级)、4个大相(Ⅱ级)、17个相(Ⅲ级)和51个亚相(Ⅳ级)。     

Silicate‐oxide mineral chemistry of mafic–ultramafic rocks as an indicator of the roots of an island arc: The Chilas Complex,Kohistan (Pakistan)

The Chilas Complex is a major lower crustal component of the Cretaceous Kohistan island arc and one of the largest exposed slices of arc magma chamber in the world. Covering more than 8000 km², it reaches a current tectonic width of around 40 km. It was emplaced at 85 Ma during rifting of the arc soon after the collision of the arc with the Karakoram plate. Over 85% of the Complex comprises homogeneous, olivine‐free gabbronorite and subordinate orthopyroxene–quartz diorite association (MGNA), which contains bodies of up to 30 km² of ultramafic–mafic–anorthositic association (UMAA) rocks. Primary cumulate textures, igneous layering, and sedimentary structures are well preserved in layered parts of the UMAA in spite of pervasive granulite facies metamorphism. Mineral analyses show that the UMAA is characterized by more magnesian and more aluminous pyroxene and more calcic plagioclase than those in the MGNA. High modal abundances of orthopyroxene, magnetite and ilmenite (in MGNA), general Mg–Fe–Al spatial variations, and an MFA plot of whole‐rock analyses suggest a calc‐alkaline origin for the Complex. Projection of the pyroxene compositions on the Wo–En–Fs face is akin to those of pyroxenes from island arcs gabbros. The presence of highly calcic plagioclase and hornblende in UMAA is indicative of hydrous parental arc magma. The complex may be a product of two‐stage partial melting of a rising mantle diaper. The MGNA rocks represent the earlier phase melting, whereas the UMAA magma resulted from the melting of the same source depleted by the extraction of the earlier melt phase. Some of the massive peridotites in the UMAA may either be cumulates or represent metasomatized and remobilized upper mantle. The Chilas Complex shows similarities with many other (supra)subduction‐related mafic–ultramafic complexes worldwide.     

内蒙古二连浩特北部阿仁绍布地区晚石炭世花岗岩Sr-Yb分类及其成因

对分布在内蒙古二连浩特北部阿仁绍布地区的晚石炭世花岗岩类,依据Sr、Yb含量,划分为低Sr高Yb型、极低Sr高Yb型和低Sr低Yb型花岗岩3种类型。低Sr高Yb型花岗岩类相对低Si、富Al,Na2O>K2O,稀土元素分馏中等,有或无负Eu异常,Sr含量低,平均为183×10-6,Ba含量较高,平均585×10-6,Y含量高,平均30.06×10-6,Rb/Sr比值较低,平均0.97;极低Sr高Yb型花岗岩富Si、REE,低Al、Sr、Ba,高的Rb/Sr比值(平均为7.47),具明显的负Eu异常等;低Sr低Yb型花岗岩富Si,贫Al、Ca、Mg,重稀土元素(Y、Yb)含量低,Y含量在(7.26～10.6)×10-6之间,平均9.76×10-6,Yb含量在(1.04～1.89)×10-6之间,平均1.44×10-6,δEu=0.64～0.94,具弱负Eu异常,微量元素Ba含量高,Rb/Sr比值低。3种类型的花岗岩类过铝指数(A/CNK)多小于1.0,说明它们均源自变质火成岩的部分熔融。由于源区的深度不同(pT条件不同)和残留的主要矿物相不同,它们的岩石地球化学特征存在差异。极低Sr高Yb型花岗岩形成深度最浅(中上地壳),熔融残留相以斜长石为主;低Sr高Yb型花岗岩类形成于中下地壳,熔融残留相为斜长石和辉石;低Sr低Yb型花岗岩形成深度最深,推测可能形成于加厚下地壳(>40km)底部,熔融残留相为石榴子石、斜长石和角闪石。     

盐湖丰产元素与Zintl化合物(续完)

Zintl化合物是以Edward Zintl命名的化合物,是一类由电正性的碱金属或碱土金属与电负性的13族或14族元素形成的特殊金属间化合物。其价键模式可以是离子键、金属键和共价键共存,其中的准金属可以共价键的形式形成各种形式的离子簇,因而其结构复杂多样。这类化合物的部分阴离子簇不仅具有稳定的笼状、层状和链状结构,并且具有特殊的光、电、磁等性能,使得在半导体、催化、电极材料等方面都有应用的前景和发展潜力。介绍了几个特殊Zintl化合物体系,盐湖丰产元素在Zintl化合物中的作用,指出了含有盐湖丰产元素的Zintl化合物的应用前景和方向。     

崩岗侵蚀地貌的演变过程及阶段划分

崩岗是中国南方一种常见的土壤侵蚀类型,也是一种严重的水土流失方式,多分布于低山丘陵区的花岗岩风化壳之上.崩岗的形成和发展是2个不同的阶段,并始终受到水力和重力的作用.2种外力对比关系的不同使崩岗的演变过程具有明显的阶段性.通过选取适当的指标体现这种规律性,可以对崩岗的发展阶段进一步划分,对崩岗的治理控制具有重要的意义.     

陶瓷釉的矿物学特征研究

应用原子吸收光谱（AAS）,X射线衍射（XRD）和 电子自旋共振（ESR）方法对工业及民用陶瓷釉进行了研究。实验表明：陶瓷釉的主要化学 成分为Al2O3、SiO2,少量为K2O、Na2O、MgO、CaO和微量的TiO2、Fe2O3 、S等;矿物相有石英、伊利石、方解石、长石、高岭石和滑石等。生釉经不同温度焙烧后 ,无论是化学成分、矿物相、微量杂质元素的价态及含量均发生了变化。讨论了在不同温度下的化学组分、含量、生成矿物相的种类以及杂质离子在矿物内部的电荷转移状态。这些结果对改进陶瓷釉的配方,探索最佳焙烧温度,生产高质量的陶瓷产品,有着实际的指导意义 。     

Stability of dense hydrous magnesium silicate phases in the systems Mg2SiO4-H2O and MgSiO3-H2O at pressures up to 27 GPa

We conducted high-pressure phase equilibrium experiments in the systems MgSiO₃ with 15 wt% H₂O and Mg₂SiO₄ with 5 wt% and 11 wt% H₂O at 20 ∼ 27 GPa. Based on the phase relations in these systems, together with the previous works on the related systems, we have clarified the stability relations of dense hydrous magnesium silicates in the system MgO-SiO₂-H₂O in the pressure range from 10 to 27 GPa. The results show that the stability field of phase G, which is identical to phase D and phase F, expands with increasing water contents. Water stored in serpentine in the descending cold slabs is transported into depths greater than 200 km, where serpentine decomposes to a mixture of phase A, enstatite, and fluid. Reaction sequences of the hydrous phases which appear at higher pressures vary with water content. In the slabs with a water content less than about 2 wt%, phase A carries water to a depth of 450 km. Hydrous wadsleyite, hydrous ringwoodite, and ilmenite are the main water reservoirs in the transition zone from 450 to 660 km. Superhydrous phase B is the water reservoir in the uppermost part of the lower mantle from 670 to 800 km, whereas phase G appears in the lower mantle only at depths greater than 800 km. In cold slabs with local water enrichment greater than 2 wt%, the following hydrous phases appear with increasing depths; phase A to 450 km, phase A and phase G from 450 km to 550 km, brucite, superhydrous phase B, and phase G from 550 km to 800 km, and phase G at depths greater than 800 km. Received: 4 August 1999 / Accepted: 1 March 2000     

西安翠华山古崩塌性滑坡体的沉积特征及其形成过程

西安翠华山风景地貌由古崩生滑坡体高速运行堆积而成,堆积体存在一些反映其运动和动力状况的沉积特征,将崩塌性滑坡体的平面堆积体划分出５个平面相带;中央相带、边缘相带、抛掷相带、气浪溅泥相带和特殊的残留相带,各带有不同的沉积特征,反映出调整运动中的崩塌式滑坡体动力过程和沉积过程在平面上分布的差异,通过研究该古积物的粒径变化、砾石组构和沉积结构、构造的差异,认为该崩塌式滑坡体在运动和沉积过程,存在前后部位