Cartographic Symbol Design Considerations for the Space–Time Cube

The cartographic representation of geographic phenomena in the space–time cube comes with special challenges and opportunities when compared with two-dimensional maps. While the added dimension allows the display of attributes that vary with time, it is difficult to display rapidly varying temporal data given the limited display height. In this study, we adapt 2D cyclic point symbols to construct 3D surfaces designed along a helical path for the space–time cube. We demonstrate how these complex?3D helical surfaces can display detailed data, including data reported daily over 100 years and data reported in four-hour intervals over a year. To create the point symbols, each value is plotted along the curve of a helix, with each turn of the helix representing one year or week, respectively. The model is modified by varying the radii from the time axis to all points using the attribute value, in these cases maximum daily temperature and four-hourly ridership, and then creating a triangulated surface from the resulting points. Using techniques common to terrain representation, we apply hue and saturation to the surface based on attribute values, and lightness based on relief shading. Multiple surfaces can be displayed in a space–time cube with a consistent time interval facing the viewer, and the surfaces or viewer perspective can be rotated to display synchronized variations. We see this method as one example of how cartographic design can refine or enhance operations in the space–time cube.     

Re-examining urban region and inferring regional function based on spatial–temporal interaction

Urban system is shaped by the interactions between different regions and regions planned by the government, then reshaped by human activities and residents’ needs. Understanding the changes of regional structure and dynamics of city function based on the residents’ movement demand are important to evaluate and adjust the planning and management of urban services and internal structures. This paper constructed a probabilistic factor model on the basis of probabilistic latent semantic analysis and tensor decomposition, for purpose of understanding the higher order interactive population mobility and its impact on urban structure changes. First, a four-dimensional tensor of time (T)?×?week (W)?×?origin (O)?×?destination (D) was constructed to identify the day-to-day activities in three time modes and weekly regularity of weekday/weekend pattern. Then we reclassified the urban regions based on the space clustering formed by the space factor matrix and core tensor. Finally, we further analysed the space–time interaction on different time scales to deduce the actual function and connection strength of each region. Our research shows that the application of individual-based spatial–temporal data in human mobility and space–time interaction study can help to analyse urban spatial structure and understand the actual regional function from a new perspective.     

北斗GEO卫星载波相位单差观测值的周期性分析

高精度的卫星定位测量中,由于卫星在测站上空的重复周期性运动,周期性误差是影响测量精度的重要误差源。恒星日滤波利用周期性误差的特点,提取前一天的周期性误差来改正后一天的定位结果,可滤波处理诸如多路径误差。本文从北斗GEO卫星载波相位观测值站间单差的角度来探讨其周期性特点,通过前后两天站间相位单差观测值进行对比,采用相关性分析方法,验证北斗GEO卫星载波相位单差观测值的周期性特征。     

城市局部气候分区对地表温度的影响 ——以大连市区为例

以大连市区建筑数据、SPOT 5和Landsat 8遥感数据为基础,运用局部气候带分类、地表温度反演方法,研究大连市局部气候带分区类型和特征,进而分析不同局部气候带对城市地表温度的影响。研究结果表明：①大连市建筑类型高度主要为低层建筑、多层建筑和中高层建筑,建筑密度为中密度和较高密度,甘井子区分布大量森林绿地,中山区具有丰富的公园绿地;②地表温度整体偏高,空间上呈现东高西低的趋势,其中半数以上地区地表温度达到28℃~31℃,并且有超过1%的地区地表温度大于38℃,该区域出现极端高温;③同一建筑高度上,密度越大的建筑区域,地表温度越高;同一建筑密度,多层建筑高度覆盖区地表温度较高。森林绿地地表温度最低,公园绿地和社区绿地地表温度几乎一致,附属绿地地表温度最高。     

3维重构精度估计的矩阵分析方法

3维重构可以由影像序列快捷方便地提取目标的3维几何信息。但3维重构的基础是多视几何理论,其计算是基于矩阵推导的非线性过程,故传统摄影测量理论难以用于评估其误差,本文提出一种3维重构精度的估计方法,采用矩阵分析方法,给出了评定重构精度的推导过程,并结合实验数据验证了精度估计的正确性。     

城市专题地图指标内容的分析和处理

专题地图指标内容的选择是专题地图设计和制作的前提。本文从分析城市专题统计数据的内容、特点出发,综合考虑专题地图表达的可行性和多样性,形成了一套完整的城市专题地图指标内容分析和处理方法。提出并使用了＂指标——空间——时间＂模型来描述专题地图指标内容,该方法的确立是选定专题地图主题和确立专题内容结构的基础。     

关于我国天测与测地VLBI网络未来建设的讨论

结合国内外VLBI技术发展的历史、现状与动态,从天体测量、空间大地测量和深空探测等角度,对我国天测与测地VLBI观测网络的未来建设进行了需求分析和测站配置技术指标分析。     

统计费用网络流相位解缠并行处理

针对雷达干涉测量(InSAR)相位解缠中的单机计算资源不足和相对运算效率不高的问题,提出了数据并行处理策略。以统计费用网络流相位解缠为例,分析了该算法的数据划分方法,构建了并行运算实验系统,实现了统计费用网络流相位解缠并行处理,并从解缠效果、内存使用量和运算效率3个方面对实验结果进行了分析。     

卡尔曼滤波相位解缠及其与其他方法的对比分析

一般相位解缠算法通常在相位解缠前首先需要借助滤波算法进行噪声消除,随后才能相位解缠,以保证解缠的质量和顺利实施。卡尔曼滤波将相位解缠问题转化为状态估计问题,实现相位解缠与噪声消除一并处理,简化了数据处理过程。利用真实干涉SAR数据进行实验,采用卡尔曼滤波相位解缠算法进行处理,并与其他几种较常用相位解缠算法的结果从目视和定量两方面进行比较和分析。验证了卡尔曼滤波相位解缠方法在滤波和解缠效果方面的有效性和可行性,可以获得较为可靠的解缠结果。     

VLBI技术的发展与展望

至今,VLBI技术经过迅猛发展,先后经历了以下三个发展阶段:传统VLBI、实时和准实时VLBI以及空间VLBI。本文分别介绍这三种VLBI技术的定义及其特点,通过对比分析其优缺点,展望VLBI技术的未来发展。