珠江口盆地惠州凹陷迁移型层序特征及其意义

迁移型层序是陆相湖盆中一种特殊的层序构型,但是其特征以及主控因素尚不清楚.通过对珠江口盆地惠州凹陷文昌组层序地层学研究,发现下文昌组三级层序PSQ1~PSQ4主要发育在凹陷南部,上文昌组三级层序PSQ5~PSQ7主要发育在凹陷北部;三级层序PSQ1~PSQ7逐渐由南东向北西发生跨洼陷迁移.这种迁移型层序是由幕式构造活动差异性造成的,在裂陷IA幕,惠州凹陷南部控凹断裂活动强度大,发育以下文昌组为主的T型层序构型;在裂陷IB幕,北部断裂活动加强,南部的断裂活动减弱,造成沉积、沉降中心迁移到惠州凹陷北部,发育以上文昌组为主的H型层序构型.迁移型层序及其控制下的砂体和烃源岩在侧向迁移、叠加过程中,更利于生、储、盖等油气成藏要素的有效配置,形成多区块、多层段油气藏组合.      

河南母山斑岩钼(铜)矿床的构造控制

母山含矿斑岩体内及附近发育NNE向、老EW向、新EW向构造及属于局部构造的NNW向构造和弧形构造.其中,NNE向构造为成矿构造.随着时间演进,成矿构造应力场活动强度逐渐减弱,频率逐渐增强.并且,主应力轴σ1的产状也随时间由向SE陡倾变为水平,最后倾向NW.在成矿构造活动强度较大时,控制了与成矿有关的岩体侵入;在成矿构造活动频率较大时,控制了热液活动及有关的成矿作用.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地风沙土的土壤酶活性研究

在极端干旱的塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地,利用咸水(矿化度4~5 g·L^-1)灌溉建立人工绿地后,受植被和各种人为措施的影响,风沙土内部性质发生了一系列的变化,土壤酶活性也发生了变化。1998年对不同种植时间、不同植被类型的样地布点采样,采样深度0~10 cm和10~50 cm。分析测定了转化酶、蛋白酶、H₂O₂酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性,结果表明:①分析测定的6种酶活性随着植被建立时间的增长而明显增强;②相同种植时间不同植被类型的样地土壤酶活性有差异,如:相同种植时间,蔬菜地土壤酶活性要高于其他样地;③表层土壤酶活性高于下层,表明土壤酶活性随剖面深度下降而减弱;④通过相关性分析表明,土壤酶活性与有机质、氮、磷、微生物数量相关性显著;⑤通过与其他沙区土壤酶活性的比较,塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地土壤酶活性要相应低于其他沙区的流动和固定沙丘。     

牙鲆孵化酶的分离纯化及其部分生物化学性质研究

利用凝胶过滤柱层析和阴离子交换柱层析技术,从牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）胚胎孵化液中分离纯化出了大小约为34．8ku的牙鲆孵化酶。该酶卵膜裂解的最适反应温度为35℃,最适pH为7．0;对底物酪蛋白的米氏常数Km值为1．53mmol／L。该酶对丝氨酸蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的特异性抑制剂非常敏感,而对其他蛋白酶抑制剂不敏感,表明该酶极可能是一种丝氨酸蛋白酶类型的胰蛋白酶。此外,该酶可浓度依赖性地被EDTA所抑制,被Cu^2＋所强烈抑制,被Ca^2＋和Mg^2＋所激活,对Zn^2＋则不敏感,表明该酶很可能是一种金属蛋白酶。     

火山活动与海侵影响下的典型湖相页岩有机质保存差异分析

黑色富有机质页岩是页岩油气生成和赋存的主要母体,是强还原环境水体的沉积产物,在其形成过程中,细菌硫酸盐还原作用(BSR)对水体环境影响明显,但BSR强度如何影响有机质的保存尚未得到关注。我国陆相湖盆富有机质泥页岩广泛发育,形成过程中常常伴随有火山活动或者海侵等事件,大量硫酸盐进入湖盆,改变水体的沉积环境,不同环境下BSR对黑色页岩有机质保存的影响明显不同。本次研究选取鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段页岩、松辽盆地青山口组和嫩江组页岩作为对象,同时与现代沉积物进行对比。研究表明,TOC与TS之间关系复杂,但细菌硫酸盐还原强度指数(SRI)与TOC呈现幂指数变化,且表现出两阶段变化的特征。当SRI大于1.375时,TOC整体偏低,指示了强硫酸盐还原作用消耗大量有机质;当SRI小于1.375时,TOC明显较高,指示了弱硫酸盐还原作用对有机质消耗相对较少,更有利于有机质保存。火山活动和海侵作用均向水体提供了大量硫酸盐,但对陆相湖盆页岩中有机质的保存影响不同。火山活动影响的长7段页岩SRI普遍小于1.375,BSR对有机质消耗相对弱,页岩TOC高。而受海侵影响的青山口组一段底部和嫩江组一段底部页岩SRI...     

Influence of late holocene pyroclastic eruptions on the sedimentary geochemistry of Lake Rotoiti,North Island,New Zealand

Lake Rotoiti in Taupo Volcanic Zone was formed by damming of the drainage system through the floor of Okataina Caldera. Basin sediments are predominantly silt or sand, with mineralogy consistent with derivation from local silicic rocks and airfall tephras. Sandy lithofacies around the shoreline are wave worked deposits. Sand and gravel lithofacies in deeper water and on steep slopes are largely relict or airfall tephras, or both. Profundal sediments are diatomaceous silts. Organic-rich diatomaceous silts also accumulate in near-shore wave-damped zones under weed beds.Short cores penetrated the Tarawera (1886 AD) and Kaharoa (1180 AD) Tephras, identified by their stratigraphic position, geochemistry and mineralogy. Localised slumping is evidenced from secondary tephras interbedded and redeposited within the basin silts. Sedimentation rates in the basins, estimated from the age of bounding tephras, are 0.9 to 4.0 mm y^-1, and are highest under the influence of inflowing water from adjacent Lake Rotorua. For several hundred years prior to the Tarawera eruption sediment accumulation rates and the sediment geochemistry remained unchanged; deposition was predominantly biogenic opaline silica with a small terrestrial component. The Tarawera eruption deposited a terrestrial-silica, aluminum-rich primary tephra across the lake, which was followed by reworked tephra from within the catchment, the effects of which were progressively diluted by biogenic opaline silica as conditions stabilised. While the major effects of the eruption have been rapidly absorbed the lake has not returned to pre-eruption background conditions. A new equilibrium has been attained in which Tarawera Tephra continues to be eroded into the lake and is the principal source for a doubling of sedimentation rates following the eruption. High arsenic levels in some diatomaceous silts are attributed to episodic venting of hydrothermal fluids or gases into the water column.     

质子活动与太阳黑子群

本文对太阳活动第２１周、２２周（１９７６年—１９９２年间）９７个质子活动区进行统计分析，包括活动区的面积、型别、磁结构、半影纤维等，结果表明：７５％的质子耀斑产生于面积为５００≤Ｓｐ≤３０００单位的黑子群中；耀斑爆发前一天及后一天活动区面积有显著减少；质子活动区含δ复杂磁结构的占７０％；具有半影旋涡形态的质子活动区中，约７７％的耀斑发生在旋涡黑子出现以后。     

太阳22周峰年若干特点

本文讨论了第２２太阳活动周的下列重要特点：１．呈现双峰，并在双峰期的槽中又突起孤立的单峰。２．黑子面积峰值滞后相对数峰值的仅占１６．６７％；黑子面积与相对数同步占５８．３３％；二者峰值不能对应占２５％。３．１９８６年１０月以后，纬度≥３０°的有半影的黑子群共出现８７群；延迟在峰年期间出现的有５３群，占６０．９２％；对应有Ｍ级以上Ｘ射线爆发的活动区１８个，占２０．６９％。这一现象与“蝴蝶图”规律不符。     

The soils on the calcareous sand dunes southeast of South Australia

 The properties of soils on previously dated sand dunes from Robe to Naracoorte in South Australia were examined. In these areas younger sand dunes are composed of fresh sand, but older sand dunes are composed of calcarenited sand. The soils on the sand dunes developed successionally by the age of sand dunes. The soil properties of these sand dunes differ depending on the ages of the sand dunes. The properties of sand particles in soils are as follows: (1) On the sand dunes of 4300 years B.P., A/C profile developed (Rendzina). On the sand dunes older than 125 000 years B.P. and on the plateau of Tertiary limestone, soil profiles of A₁/AB/B/C on the sand dunes of 83 000 years B.P. and A₁/A₃/B₁/B₂/C (Terra rossa) are well developed. (2) Within the sand of A/C horizons of the sand dunes with the age of 4300 year B.P., the calcite grain content is about 64%, and the quartz content is about 35%. Within the B horizons of soils on the dunes from 83 000 years B.P. to 347 000 years B.P., the calcite grain content is only 1–2%; however, the quartz grain content is about 92%. In the B₂ horizons of soils on the dune of 690 000 years B.P. and on the Tertiary plateau, there are some calcite grains but the quartz grain content is about 96%. (3) The average size of quartz grains in the soils on the sand dunes from 4300 B.P. to 347 000 years B.P. is generally smaller, but the average size of quartz on the sand dunes of 690 000 year B.P. becomes larger and the grains are well rounded. On the Tertiary limestone plateau, the average quartz size becomes again smaller, and the grains are more rounded. (4) Fe_t in B₂ horizon of the soil profiles increases clearly corresponding to the age. Iron activity expressed by Fe_o/Fe_d also shows a close relation to the chronological sequence. The B horizon of the soil profiles shows a drastic decrease of Fe_o/Fe_d according to the age. Iron crystalinity, (Fe_d-Fe_o)/Fe_t, has a tendency for a positive relation with increasing age. Received: 1 June 1995 · Accepted: 4 December 1995