现浇透水性生态混凝土在河道边坡工程中的应用

针对传统护坡工程方法在河道边坡工程生态环境保护和修复方面的缺陷,提出了新型现浇透水性生态混凝土护坡技法,优化设计了该技法组成材料,并对生态混凝土的耐久性、植生能力和净水性能进行了综合分析。通过该技法在泰州周山河河道边坡生态治理工程中的实际应用,认为所提出的现浇透水性生态混凝土护坡技法不仅能充分保证护坡工程的安全性,还可维持和改善周边生态环境与生态系统。     

灌区节水改造渠道防渗衬砌形式的探讨

通过近几年灌区节水改造工程中渠道衬砌的实施,探讨了酒泉市几种有代表性的渠道衬砌形式的运用现状和存在主要问题,并提出了解决途径和措施.     

水汽吸收和下垫面发射率对晴空大气红外窗区遥感影响的综合分析

从数学上探讨了晴空大气红外窗区通道遥感陆面特性水汽吸收和陆面发射率的综合影响。首先,基于辐射传输方程推导出大气水汽含量和陆面发射率(ε)引起红外窗区通道遥感陆面亮温(Tg)变化的数学表达式,指出红外辐射在传输过程中水汽吸收衰减的影响主要是引起大气透过率的变化;分析了在高温高湿和低温干燥等不同地区,红外窗区通道的大气透过率所受到的不同程度的衰减,以及水汽吸收衰减和陆面发射率对不同的红外窗区通道的影响。此外,还建立了一个红外窗区通道遥感陆面温度与地面亮温差ΔT=(Ts-Tg,imax)与水汽含量变化Δq和陆面发射率ε的二元多项式拟合方程,进一步分析大气水汽含量和陆面发射率对不同的红外窗区通道遥感的影响;指出红外短波窗区通道不但受太阳辐射污染严重,而且受陆面发射率变化的影响激烈,特别是在寒冷干燥的亚北极冬季。最后强调,为了精确地反演陆面温度,最好采用热红外窗区通道;必须考虑大气订正,特别是在高温高湿区;同时应该考虑陆面发射率等因子的作用。     

低渗透油藏CO2驱过程中含水率变化规律

通过国内外多个油田水驱后实施CO2驱的矿场实例研究,发现注入CO2后很多油井存在含水率下降的现象;这种现象发生在CO2驱的整个开发阶段,包括注气初期阶段CO2未到达生产井、生产井见气阶段以及高气油比阶段。重点讨论了生产井见气前的开发规律,在该阶段油藏内以油水两相渗流为主,不受三相渗流作用的影响。通过现场动态反应并结合室内细管和长岩心实验,揭示了CO2与油、水2种介质的相互作用,得到了两个结论:第一是始于低含水阶段的CO2驱过程中气体穿越地层水驱替地层油到达生产井;第二是始于高含水阶段的CO2驱替规律在不同级别低渗透岩心中的差异非常明显:对于特低渗岩心,CO2突破前的采出程度占CO2驱总采出程度的73.27%,CO2突破后的采出程度占26.73%,对于一般低渗岩心,CO2突破前的采出程度仅占CO2驱总采出程度的16.72%,而CO2突破后的采出程度占到了CO2驱总采出程度的83.28%。     

Quantifying the influence of channel sinuosity on the depositional mechanics of channelized turbidity currents: A laboratory study

Here we present results from a suite of laboratory experiments that highlight the influence of channel sinuosity on the depositional mechanics of channelized turbidity currents. We released turbidity currents into three channels in an experimental basin filled with water and monitored current properties and the evolution of topography via sedimentation. The three channels were similar in cross-sectional geometry but varied in sinuosity. Results from these experiments are used to constrain the run-up of channelized turbidity currents on the outer banks of moderate to high curvature channel bends. We find that a current is unlikely to remain contained within a channel when the kinetic energy of a flow exceeds the potential energy associated with an elevation gain equal to the channel relief; setting an effective upper limit for current velocity. Next we show that flow through bends induces a vertical mixing that redistributes suspended sediment back into the interiors of depositional turbidity currents. This mixing counteracts the natural tendency for suspended sediment concentration and grain size to stratify vertically, thereby reducing the rate at which sediment is lost from a current via deposition. Finally, the laboratory experiments suggest that turbidity currents might commonly separate from channel sidewalls along the inner banks of bends. In some cases, sedimentation rates and patterns within the resulting separation zones are sufficient to construct bar forms that are attached to the channel sidewalls and represent an important mechanism of submarine channel filling. These bar forms have inclined strata that might be mistaken for the deposits of point bars and internal levees, even though the formation mechanism and its implications to channel history are different.     

Physical sedimentology experiments with sulfuric acid solutions: Implications for Mars?

Physical sedimentology experiments have shown that sulfuric acid solutions may have formed some surface features seen on Mars. Recent data returned from Mars show the presence of jarosite, sulfate salts, hematite, phyllosilicates, and opaline silica, all of which precipitate from some terrestrial sulfuric acid solutions. There is a plethora of geochemical, mineralogical, and sedimentological data indicative of past sulfuric acid systems on Mars, but there has never been a comprehensive study published regarding sulfuric acid as a physical sedimentological agent. In the laboratory, we ran liquids of various compositions over sediments in order to test how these liquids entrain, transport, and deposit sediments. Pure water and concentrated sulfuric acid solutions produced the same general features, such as channels, gullies, and alluvial fans. However, sulfuric acid solutions yielded some distinct sedimentary features not produced by pure water runs. These features, narrow, deeply incised channels of consistent widths, rounded discrete fans, and air bubble “craters”, are similar to some Martian landscape features. These experimental results indicate that acid solutions should be considered a possible sedimentological agent on Mars.     

Implications of the saltation–abrasion bedrock incision model for steady‐state river longitudinal profile relief and concavity

The saltation–abrasion model predicts rates of river incision into bedrock as an explicit function of sediment supply, grain size, boundary shear stress and rock strength. Here we use this experimentally calibrated model to explore the controls on river longitudinal profile concavity and relief for the simple but illustrative case of steady‐state topography. Over a wide range of rock uplift rates we find a characteristic downstream trend, in which upstream reaches are close to the threshold of sediment motion with large extents of bedrock exposure in the channel bed, while downstream reaches have higher excess shear stresses and lesser extents of bedrock exposure. Profile concavity is most sensitive to spatial gradients in runoff and the rate of downstream sediment fining. Concavity is also sensitive to the supply rate of coarse sediment, which varies with rock uplift rate and with the fraction of the total sediment load in the bedload size class. Variations in rock strength have little influence on profile concavity. Profile relief is most sensitive to grain size and amount of runoff. Rock uplift rate and rock strength influence relief most strongly for high rates of rock uplift. Analysis of potential covariation of grain size with rock uplift rate and rock strength suggests that the influence of these variables on profile form could occur in large part through their influence on grain size. Similarly, covariation between grain size and the fraction of sediment load in the bedload size class provides another indirect avenue for rock uplift and strength to influence profile form. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岩石变形破坏过程中渗透率演化规律的试验研究

利用伺服试验机对灰岩和砂岩进行了应力应变全过程渗透性试验,研究了岩样变形和破坏过程中的轴向应变与渗透率之间的关系,分析了岩样环向应变对渗透率的影响规律,探讨了岩样变形破坏前后渗透压差随时间的变化关系。结果表明,岩样渗透率与应力状态密切相关,渗透率的峰值滞后或超前于应力应变峰值,这与岩石介质本身的特性有关;渗透率-环向应变曲线与渗透率-轴向应变曲线有相同的变化趋势,但岩石环向变形比轴向变形更能灵敏地反映渗透率的演化规律;岩样变形破坏峰值前后的渗透压差与时间均遵循负指数关系。最后对岩石变形破坏过程中的渗透机理作了讨论。     

双河油田储层渗流单元分析及应用

双河油田已进入开发后期 ,为了精确预测层内潜力分布状况 ,解剖更小级别的储层非均质单元的分布 ,提出了储层渗流单元分析法。研究表明 ,双河油田储层可划分出 4种渗流单元类型 ,渗流单元与成因砂体之间的关系不是简单的对应关系 ,平面上渗流单元分布很复杂 ,表现为极强的非均质性。储层渗流单元模型可应用于数值模拟网格划分和定性预测剩余油的分布 ,从而大大提高剩余油分布预测的精度和工作效率     

Buried paleo-channels on the New Jersey continental margin: channel porosity structures from electromagnetic surveying

We report on a marine electromagnetic (EM) survey across two portions of the New Jersey continental margin that have been previously shown to contain buried paleo-channels. The EM method used provides bulk porosity estimates to depths of around 20 m below the seafloor and is thus able to place porosity constraints on the nature of the channel infill and the contrast in physical properties across the channel boundaries. Our data show that a key condition for the channels to have an electrical signature is that they incise an underlying regional unconformity, R, thought to represent a subaerially eroded surface, exposed during the late Wisconsinan glaciation. Channels that cut R are seen through increases in apparent porosity. Another seismically imaged channel sequence, which lies within the outer-shelf sediment wedge sequence above R, does not have an electrical signature, indicating that the sediments above and below the channel boundaries have similar physical properties.