陕甘宁盆地华池地区延长组缓坡带三角洲前缘的微相构成

以晚三叠世华池地区延长组为例,对缓坡背景下的三角洲前缘水下分流河道和河口坝两种主要储油微相进行研究,建立了分类方案和识别标志。将水下分流河道划分为截削式和完整式两大类 10种类型;河口坝细分为孤立式、叠加式和复合式三大类 5种类型。文中根据入湖后的水下分流河道能量强弱变化和湖水深浅的不同组合关系,对水下分流河道和河口坝的沉积条件进行分析,归纳总结了本区缓坡条件下的三角洲前缘的沉积模式。同时讨论了本区独具特色的复合式坝 (“坝上河”)沉积微相的成因类型 :分流河道侵蚀河口坝型复合式河口坝和分流河道叠加河口坝型复合式坝,而后者是该区主要的优质储层和高产含油储层类型     

琼东南盆地深水区浅层运聚系统及其对天然气水合物成藏的控制

以琼东南盆地连片三维地震资料为基础,精细识别盆地浅层多种类型运移通道,系统总结了盆地深水区浅层运聚系统发育特征,并探讨其对天然气水合物成藏的控制,预测了天然气水合物有利目标区。研究结果表明：琼东南盆地浅层运移通道主要包括断层、气烟囱、裂隙、大型侵蚀不整合面和盆缘大型储集体,多种类型运移通道空间上相互组合,共同构建成盆地浅层流体运聚系统;不同区域浅层流体运移通道发育程度不一样,陵南-松南低凸起浅层流体运移通道最为发育,中央坳陷发育程度次之,浅水区相对不发育;琼东南盆地深水区浅层流体运聚系统控制着天然气水合物的分布,对中深层天然气勘探也具有重要的指示作用。总之,琼东南盆地浅层流体运移通道较发育,其中最为发育的陵南-松南低凸起是盆地天然气水合物规模成藏最为有利的场所,松南-宝岛凹陷陆坡区也具备优越的水合物成藏条件。     

暂时性承压水导致山前缓坡破坏的模型分析

宁（南京）镇（镇江）地区大量缓倾角滑坡发生在强降雨之后,坡内水位抬升形成暂时性承压水,滑坡变形表现为坡体前缘隆起、后缘拉裂。通过对南京江宁石龙路滑坡开展现场地质调查,发现该滑坡地层结构表现为宁镇地区山前缓坡典型的上细下粗的二元地质结构特征。文章以南京石龙路滑坡破坏特征为基础,从简单的承压水分布模型与简支梁模型的基本原理出发,试图分析暂时性承压水导致坡体前缘隔水层隆起破坏的力学机制。针对滑坡前缘隆起特征,构建承压水一维稳定流模型,分析了坡体前缘透水层中承压水的分布特征;引入简支梁模型分析了承压水扬压力对隔水层的变形和稳定性的影响以及隔水层中裂隙的发育规律;确定了隔水层隆起后破坏的判据,详细分析了坡脚处扬压力水头和隔水层厚度对隔水层破坏特征的影响。研究结果表明透水层中承压水头为三角形分布,隔水层最深裂隙发育在扬压力对简支梁模型的最大弯矩处;地表隔水层最大破坏区域与坡脚处扬压力水头呈正相关,与隔水层厚度呈负相关;隔水层发生隆起—拉裂破坏时的临界扬压力水头和临界隔水层厚度近似呈线性关系。     

河口地貌对潮汐不对称性影响的数值模拟研究

河口地貌形态对潮汐不对称性的产生和发展有着至关重要的作用。本文根据英国Humber河口数据建立了概化模型,研究了在同一纳潮量情况下,主槽断面形态、平面形态和河口收缩率对河口潮汐不对称性的影响。结果表明,较深的主槽能使相位差峰值出现较晚且峰值更大,从而影响局部区域的涨潮流强弱,主槽越浅,最大落潮流速越小,落潮所需历时越长,河口更倾向于涨潮主导,窄潮滩倾向于涨潮主导型,宽潮滩倾向于落潮主导型;平面形态沿程收缩且长度较长的河口涨潮主导型最强,此外,河口宽度沿程缩窄会加大主槽的余流流速,减小潮滩的余流流速;随着河口平面收缩率的增强,主槽的余流流速减小,潮滩余流流速增大,潮滩更倾向于涨潮主导。本文进一步丰富了河口地形地貌变化对潮汐不对称性影响的认识,可为河口区工程建设和管理维护提供科学依据。     

STUDY ON FREQUENCY CODING ANTI—INTERFERENCE SYSTEM FOR DATA TRANSMISSION IN SHALLOW WATER ACOUSTIC CHANNELS

Achieving reliable underwater communication in shallow water acoustic channels is a difficult because of the random time-varying nature of multipath propagation,severe amplitude fluctuation,and spatial variability of the channel conditions.This paper describes a new signal processing technique-frequency coding and decoding by means of real-time measurement of signal width,jamming and suppressing multipath interference and using redundant coder.The application of the technique to thd model ZTY-1 status monitor for underwater system of seabed is introduced in this paper.The main principle,the technique specifications and the key techniques of the system are discussed here.Theoretical estimations and experimental results proved that the performance of the system is excellent.The method can be used for some other related low-data-rate data transmission detecting in shallow water acoustic channel.     

基于核磁共振测井的低渗透砂岩孔隙结构定量评价方法——以东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段为例

低渗透砂岩油气藏已成为油气增储生产的重要勘探开发目标,但孔隙结构复杂使得储层及其有效性难以准确识别.笔者利用物性、压汞、核磁等资料,对东营凹陷南坡沙四段(Es4)低渗透砂岩孔隙结构进行分析,划分出了3种类型.核磁T2谱与毛管压力曲线都在一定程度上反映孔喉分布,但常规方法利用T2谱重构伪毛管压力曲线所得到的孔隙半径与压汞孔喉半径有较大误差,而岩石孔隙自由流体T2与压汞孔喉分布对应关系更好,以此建立了不同孔隙结构类型二者之间不同孔喉尺度对应的关系式(大尺度:线性;小尺度:分段幂函数),可在井筒剖面上通过识别孔隙结构类型,进而利用核磁共振测井(NML)定量反演孔径分布,省去了构建伪毛管曲线环节,为低渗透砂岩储层有效性评价提供了直接依据,也是测井用于定量反演储层微观孔隙结构信息的有益探索.     

地下水有机污染处理的渗透性反应墙技术

系统介绍了一种新的地下水污染原位治理方法(渗透性反应墙),具体包括渗透性反应墙的布置形式、介质选取、反应机理、应用现状以及存在问题等.在工程实践中,根据现场的水文地质条件和地下水中有机污染物的特点,可以通过改变反应墙的布置形式来有效地截获羽状体.与传统的抽出-处理系统相比,渗透性反应墙具有处理费用低、使用寿命长等特点,特别对高密度非水溶相液体(DNAPLs)形成的污染羽状体有较好的处理效果.     

Abandoned channel fill sequences in the tidal estuary of a small mountainous,dry‐summer river

This study proposes a modification of the current model for abandoned channel fill stratigraphy produced in unidirectional flow river reaches to incorporate seasonal tidal deposition. Evidence supporting this concept came from a study of two consecutive channel abandonment sequences in Ropers Slough of the lower Eel River Estuary in northern California. Aerial photographs showed that Ropers Slough was abandoned around 1943, reoccupied after the 1964 flood, and abandoned again in 1974 with fill continuing to the present. Planform geomorphic characteristics derived from these images were used in conjunction with sub‐centimetre resolution stratigraphic analyses to describe depositional processes and their resultant sedimentary deposits. Both abandonment sequences recorded quasi‐annual scale fluvial/tidal deposition couplets. In both cases, tidal deposits contained very little sand, were higher in organic and inorganic carbon content than the sandier, fluvially dominated deposits, and possessed millimetre‐scale horizontal laminations. The two abandonment fills differed significantly in terms of the temporal progression of channel narrowing and fluvial sediment deposition characteristics. Aerial photographic analysis showed that the first abandonment sequence led to a more rapid narrowing of Ropers Slough and produced deposits with a positive relationship between grain size/deposit thickness and discharge. The second abandonment resulted in a much slower narrowing of Ropers Slough and generally thinner fluvial deposits with no clear relationship between grain size/deposit thickness and discharge. The δ¹³C values and organic nitrogen to organic carbon ratios of deposits from the first phase overlapped with Eel River suspended sediment characteristics found for low flows (one to five times mean discharge), while those of the second phase were consistent with suspended sediment from higher flows (seven to ten times mean discharge). When considered together, the results indicate that the early fill sequence recorded a reach experiencing regular fluvial deposition through flow conditions during the wet season, while the latter fill sequence records a reach more disconnected from the main stem in terms of flow and sediment. The major factor affecting the difference in sedimentation between the two fill periods appears to have been the morphology of the upstream river bend in relation to the position of the bifurcation node. During the first fill period, the upstream entrance to Ropers Slough seems to have remained open, in part due to the placement of its entrance on the outside of the mainstem river bend, and despite stronger tidal effects caused by a larger tidal prism and closer proximity to the tidal inlet. By the second fill sequence, the upstream bend morphology had altered, placing the entrance to Ropers Slough on the inner bank of the mainstem bend, which resulted in more rapid plug bar formation. The role of tidal effects in the geomorphic trajectory of the two abandonment sequences is unclear, but appears to have been less important than local bifurcation geometry.     

江苏辐射沙洲水道垂线平均余流的计算与分析

根据辐射沙洲邻近主水道和中心沙洲滩面水道33个站次的准同步实测潮流资料, 计算了各站位垂线平均欧拉余流、斯托克斯余流、拉格朗日余流, 并分别进行了逐站位的分析和比较.各站位斯托克斯余流相对较小, 在水道口门处斯托克斯余流较大, 余流流向大都沿涨潮流向, 豆腐渣腰门水道及其以东站位的斯托克斯余流则大致沿落潮流向.欧拉余流和拉格朗日余流大小和流向基本一致.研究海域存在着半封闭的顺时针方向的海水净输移.西洋水道和条鱼港水道是辐射沙洲中心腹地的净进水通道, 而豆腐渣腰门水道、陈家坞槽水道、外王家槽水道、苦水洋海域水道则是净出水通道.     

Modeling solute transport in river channels using dispersion theory

Carrying out a series of field tracer experiments in river channels allows recognition of river behavior in different flow conditions and thus investigation of the evolution of a solute, tracer, or pollutant over the range of flow rates considered. In this paper, data from tracing tests conducted on the Artibai River in northern Basque Country are used to demonstrate the approach. In all experiments the tracer used was lithium and it was added to the river as an input pulse. An analytical solution to the instantaneous injection model that accounts for the effective initial amount of tracer injected, calculated from the tracer breakthrough curve, instead of the conventional initial injection concentration, is used. The technique is applied to estimate travel times, Péclet numbers, and dispersion coefficients using an optimization algorithm with the aim of characterizing the tracer movement in the stream and analyzing its evolution. Subsequently, considering the results of various tracer experiments, conducted over different flow rates, empirical relationships between dispersion, velocity, and flow rates may be determined. This information allows characterization of the river behavior and can be used to model transportation and dispersion of a tracer or pollutant.