Seismic response of steel frame structures with hybrid passive control systems

The concept of the hybrid passive control system is studied analytically by investigating the seismic response of steel frame structures. Hybrid control systems consist of two different passive elements combined into a single device or system. The hybrid systems investigated in this research consist of a rate‐dependent damping device paired with a rate‐independent energy dissipation element. The innovative configurations exploit individual element strengths and offset their weaknesses through multiphased behavior. A nine‐story, five‐bay steel moment‐frame was used for the analysis. Six different seismic resisting systems were analyzed and compared. The conventional systems included a special moment‐resisting frame (SMRF) and a dual SMRF–buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) system. The final four configurations are hybrid passive systems. The different hybrid configurations utilize a BRB and either a high‐damping rubber damper or viscous fluid damper. The analyses were run in the form of an incremental dynamic analysis. Several damage measures were calculated, including maximum roof drift, base shear, and total roof acceleration. The results demonstrate the capability of hybrid passive control systems to improve structural response compared with conventional lateral systems and to be effective for performance‐based seismic design. Each hybrid configuration improved some aspect of structural response with some providing benefits for multiple damage measures. The multiphased nature provides improved response for frequent and severe seismic events. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震干涉技术被动源地震成像

被动源地震成像是基于地下反射波响应和透射波响应之间的关系,通过在地表接收由地下非人工震源发出的透射波响应,利用互相关运算来合成反射波响应的方法.合成的反射波响应,又称虚炮集记录等价于地表地震剖面记录.本文研究了由地下随机分布的被动源发出的透射波记录来合成虚炮集记录的基本原理,推导了反射波记录和透射波记录的关系公式;并通过数值模拟方法,分析了被动源成像的可行性.结果表明:利用被动源地震信息进行成像是可行的.     

爆炸装置搜索视景仿真训练系统的设计与实现

为解决搜爆人员在爆炸装置搜索训练过程中,真实训练环境搭建繁琐、人力与物资成本投入大等问题,在分析搜索爆炸装置训练过程的基础上,设计了一套爆炸装置搜索训练视景仿真系统。该系统通过搜爆场景逐级细化的方法构建虚拟场景,且以具有感应能力的三维模型模拟摩尔探测仪与非线性节点探测仪等搜爆工具。基于Open Scene Graph(OSG)图形开发库,以VC++为开发环境实现了爆炸装置搜索训练视景仿真。实践证明:该系统仿真度高,达到了爆炸装置搜索仿真训练的效果,并且运行流畅,沉浸感强。     

基于反褶积算法的地震干涉技术被动源成像

地震干涉技术可以将任意2个检波器接收到的数据合成为在若干检波器之间传播的波,就好像其中的一个检波器作为一个虚拟震源来发挥作用。它可以从混沌无序的地震信号中发现有用信息,从地震噪声中提取有用信号以此推断地震波穿过介质的地质构造。基于反褶积算法,对其理论公式进行了较详细的推导,实现被动源地震干涉成像,证明了反褶积算法的可行性;并将其结果与互相关算法的结果进行对比,分析了2种方法在信噪比和分辨率方面的差异。数值计算表明,反褶积算法的纵向分辨率比互相关算法的高。对其进行的加噪试算表明,震源叠加后的反褶积算法呈现出高信噪比的特点。     

塔西南甫沙地区被动顶板双重构造和乌泊尔地区背驮盆地的数值模拟

塔里木盆地西南缘前陆褶皱冲断带发育被动顶板双重构造(甫沙地区)和背驮盆地(乌泊尔地区)两种明显不同的构造类型。为了探讨它们的不同成因,利用有限差分软件FLAC开展了一系列二维数值模拟研究。采用遵循平面应变的黏弹塑性本构模型,设置两个滑脱层和三个能干层。同时考虑基底沉降、同构造剥蚀和沉积,缩短速率为8mm/a,剥蚀速率为每年侵蚀基准面以上高程的3×10-7(相当于每1000m每年剥蚀0.3mm)。在基底水平的情况下,采用均一的沉降速率1.6mm/a并以填平补齐的方式进行沉积时,3.5 Ma后发育成与甫沙地区相似的被动顶板双重构造。而当模型采用中部小两端大的拱形沉降速度以及填平补齐的沉积时最终发育成背驮盆地,和乌泊尔地区地质原型接近。模拟结果表明,同构造沉积地层对褶皱冲断带的影响巨大,当沉积物大量堆积在褶皱冲断带前缘时有利于被动顶板双重构造的形成,而沉积物大量堆积在逆冲楔顶与斜坡时则更有利于背驮盆地的发生。模拟结果认为甫沙地区和乌泊尔地区都接受了填平补齐的沉积方式,但基底沉降差异造成了两者的构造样式明显不同。在小范围内(后陆至前陆小于80km),甫沙地区基底以水平方式发生沉降,褶皱冲断带前缘接受了大量沉积;而乌泊尔地区基底在挤压下发生弯曲,使得后陆发生了更大的沉降从而接受了更多的沉积。     

Lunar noise correlation,imaging and monitoring

Passive seismic techniques have revolutionarised seismology,leading for example to increased resolution in surface wave tomography,to the possibility to monitor changes in the propagation medium,and to many new processing strategies in seismic exploration.Here we review applications of the new techniques to a very particular dataset,namely data from the Apollo 17 lunar network.The special conditions of the lunar noise environment are investigated,illustrating the interplay between the properties of the noise and the ability to reconstruct Green's functions.With a dispersion analysis of reconstructed Rayleigh waves new information about the shallow shear velocity structure of the Moon are obtained.Passive image interferometry is used to study the effect of temperature changes in the subsurface on the seismic velocities providing direct observation of a dynamic process in the lunar environment.These applications highlight the potential of passive techniques for terrestrial and planetary seismology.     

持续变刚度摩擦型阻尼器

文中提出了一种具有持续可变滑移后刚度的摩擦型阻尼器。与传统摩擦阻尼器相比,这种阻尼器的滑移后刚度随变形增加而持续增长,承载能力显著提高。使用者可以根据不同地震水平下的性能目标调整输出力的大小,因此也为不同目标值下的结构控制提供了一种切实可行的方法。阻尼器采用套筒-活塞式结构,摩擦片通过橡胶层固化到活塞上,橡胶层同时为摩擦片提供面压。摩擦片与套筒内壁形成滑移面,该滑移面的内径沿轴向呈曲线变化,理论分析、数值模拟与试验结果表明,抛物线形的滑移面可提供呈三次函数关系的力与位移关系曲线,持续增长的刚度和出力,有利于改善结构的抗倒塌性能。     

Seismic response of steel structures with seesaw systems using viscoelastic dampers

Vibration control systems are being used increasingly worldwide to provide enhanced seismic protection for new and retrofitted buildings. This paper presents a new vibration control system on the basis of a seesaw mechanism with viscoelastic dampers. The proposed vibration control system comprises three parts: brace, seesaw member, and viscoelastic dampers. In this system, only tensile force appears in bracing members. Consequently, the brace buckling problem is negligible, which enables the use of steel rods for bracing members. By introducing pre‐tension in rods, long steel rods are applicable as bracing between the seesaw members and the moment frame connections over some stories. Seesaw mechanisms can magnify the damper deformation according to the damper system configuration. In this paper, first, the magnification factor, that is, the ratio of the damper deformation to the story drift, is delivered, which includes the rod deformation. Results of a case study demonstrate that the magnification factor of the proposed system is greater than unity for some cases. Seismic response analysis is conducted for steel moment frames with the proposed vibration control system. Energy dissipation characteristics are examined using the time‐history response results of energy. The maximum story drift angle distributions and time‐history response results of displacement show that the proposed system can reduce the seismic response of the frames effectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

饱和土体中空沟对移动荷载被动隔振的 2.5D边界元法分析

根据饱和土Biot理论及移动荷载特性,采用积分变换方法,推导了半无限饱和土体频域-波数内的边界积分方程,讨论了2.5D边界积分方程中Cauchy的奇异性,并分析了空沟对移动荷载引起饱和土体振动的被动隔振效果。通过与已知文献结果比较,验证了算法的正确性。数值结果表明,采用2.5D BEM不仅可以解决具有复杂表面的移动荷载作用下动力响应问题,而且可极大减小计算工作量。对于饱和土体受高速移动荷载作用,空沟更能有效减小土体孔压、竖向位移的振幅;当荷载速度较小时,空沟对土体表面的水平向位移几乎不起衰减作用,甚至有放大效应。另外,随空沟距振源的距离增大,空沟能够更好阻隔土体表面波传播。     

内蒙古满都胡地区塔尔巴格特组沉积相及地球化学特征

运用岩性一岩相和地球化学方法对东乌旗满都胡地区中晚泥盆世塔尔巴格特组碎屑岩进行了研究,探讨了其碎屑岩岩相、物源区及地球化学特征,将区内塔尔巴格特组划分为2种沉积相、5种沉积亚相。地球化学分析结果表明：塔尔巴格特组砂岩和泥岩具高SiO2、K20和A12O3／（Na2O＋CaO）值,低CaO含量特征,其碎屑物质来源于相对稳定的大陆源区;稀土元素配分曲线具轻稀土富集,重稀土比较平坦,轻重稀土分留明显,砂岩（La／Yb）N=6．66～11．15,平均值为9．01,泥岩（La／Yb）N=4．7～7．39,平均值为6．14,并伴有明显的Eu负异常。在La-Th—Sc、Th—Sc—Zr／10构造环境判别图解中,多数落入被动大陆边缘区域;主量元素构造判别图中也显示具有被动大陆边缘和活动大陆边缘的特征。结合区域分析,笔者认为塔尔巴椿特组碎届岩形成干被动大陆边缘环境。