罗源湾海水交换三维数值模拟

利用ECOMSED模式中的示踪粒子三维追踪模块分析罗源湾的水交换情况。结果表明,水交换能力的强弱与纳潮量的大小成正比。这里分析湾内水逗留期的空间分布,然后根据湾水存留期的不同将湾内划分为4个地区。进一步的研究表明不同海区湾水逗留期的差异主要是由欧拉余流场的结构差异造成的。由于风场可以影响当地的海流,因此不同的风场也会影响水交换能力。本文结果表明西南方向的风有利于水交换;而作为罗源湾全年主导风向的东北风,在平均风速的情况下,却阻碍了湾内水体的交换。本文还发现在不同投放时刻水交换能力的不同。初始投放时刻的不同对质点总数的减少速度有较明显的影响,高潮时和落潮中间时投放的质点数要比涨潮中间时和低潮时投放的质点数减少得快。罗源湾水交换能力的垂直分布不是均匀的:表层交换率较快,底层较慢,整个海域的交换能力与中层的相当。     

端承型桩承载力离心模型试验中的粒径效应研究

利用modeling of models的方法研究端承型桩承载力离心模型试验中的粒径效应。在模拟同一原型时,不同桩径的模型桩,桩身压缩性及桩长均不同,导致侧摩阻力发挥机理及程度不同,本文分别探讨了桩端阻力,侧摩阻力及承载力(桩顶荷载)的粒径效应对承载机理和承载特性的影响。结果表明,桩端阻力的粒径效应作用规律与浅基础一致,可以借用浅基础的粒径效应定量评价方法评价端承桩承载力离心模型试验中的粒径效应。侧摩阻力的粒径效应比桩端阻力的粒径效应显著。由于侧摩阻力的影响,相同条件下承载力的粒径效应比桩端阻力有所增强。对于极限桩端阻力和极限承载力,粒径效应均随长径比的增加而减弱。     

Dispersal and fate of dredged materials disposed of in the Changjiang Estuary determined by use of an in situ rare earth element tracer

To investigate the dispersal pattern and the fate of dredged materials disposed at a pre-selected disposal site, a field tracer experiment was conducted in the North Passage of the Changjiang Estuary during the 2005 flood season. Three tons of dredged materials were mixed with 2.792 kg of sodium hexachloroiridate (IV) hexahydrate (SHH), which contained the rare earth element tracer iridum (Ir). Sampling was conducted at pre-selected sections of the estuary on the second, third and fourth day after the release of dredged materials. All samples were evaluated by use of neutron activation analysis. The majority of the dredged material was dispersed nearly parallel to the navigation channel and deposited between the channel and the south dike. Only a small quantity of dredged materials entered or crossed the navigation channel, and the back silting ratio in the navigation channel was about 5%. The dredged materials also dispersed southeasterly beyond two dike heads.     

Steady-State Configuration and Tension Calculations of Marine Cables Under Complex Currents via Separated Particle Swarm Optimization

Under complex currents, the motion governing equations of marine cables are complex and nonlinear, and the calculations of cable configuration and tension become difficult compared with those under the uniform or simple currents. To obtain the numerical results, the usual Newton?Raphson iteration is often adopted, but its stability depends on the initial guessed solution to the governing equations. To improve the stability of numerical calculation, this paper proposed separated the particle swarm optimization, in which the variables are separated into several groups, and the dimension of search space is reduced to facilitate the particle swarm optimization. Via the separated particle swarm optimization, these governing nonlinear equations can be solved successfully with any initial solution, and the process of numerical calculation is very stable. For the calculations of cable configuration and tension of marine cables under complex currents, the proposed separated swarm particle optimization is more effective than the other particle swarm optimizations.     

无机胶体和铁、铜离子对中肋骨条藻生长的影响

选择无机胶体粒子Fe(OH) 3 胶体、伊利石胶体及其与金属铁和铜 ,对中肋骨条藻进行了培养实验。结果表明 :在培养介质中加入Fe(OH) 3 胶体后 ,在低添加量时可通过Fe(OH) 3 胶体提供满足微藻的生长所需的铁 ,从而提高其生长速度。但在较高添加量时 (>0 .5mg/L) ,由于胶体物质的吸附特性 ,微藻的生长受到抑制。Fe(OH) 3 对中肋骨条藻的最佳的添加量在 0 .2 5～ 0 .5 0mg/L之间。中肋骨条藻在加入伊利石胶体液时 ,微藻的生长均产生明显的抑制作用。通过伊利石胶体对培养介质中铁离子和铜离子浓度的调节控制作用 ,可直接影响到中肋骨条藻的生长。     

胶州湾海域海水浊度和悬浮物粒径分布及遥感反演模型

为拓展无人机搭载多光谱相机在海上应用的广度和精度,利用2021年1月、3—7月共6个航次的胶州湾海域现场观测数据,采用多种数理统计方法,开展了海水浊度和悬浮物粒径时空分布特征及基于多光谱数据的遥感反演研究。浊度和悬浮物粒径的分析结果表明,胶州湾湾内海域表层浊度冬季偏低,春夏季高,特别是5月浊度最高,是春季水华暴发浮游植物大量繁殖的结果。胶州湾悬浮颗粒以极细砂为主;悬浮物粒径冬季较粗、春季较细、夏季最小,与水动力条件的季节变化密切相关。将多光谱数据计算得到的不同波段离水辐照度反射率与浊度和悬浮物粒径分别进行相关性分析,结果显示红光波段(660～680nm)的辐照度反射率对浊度和粒径参数最敏感。基于红光波段的波段组合构建了多种函数类型的浊度反演模型,基于450和660 nm处的离水辐照度反射率构建的多项式模型反演效果最好,预测浊度与实测浊度的相关系数为0.82,预测浊度的均方根误差为1.448 FTU。通过基于红光波段的波段组合以及后向散射系数分别构建平均粒径的反演模型,基于555和660 nm处的离水辐照度反射率构建的多项式模型对平均粒径有较好的预测效果,预测结果的均方根误差为0.051...     

The influence of the structural distribution and hardness of mineral phases on the size and shape of rock drilling particles

Abstract

Rock drilling is a significant activity widely used in the exploration of marine mineral resources and offshore civil engineering such as marine mining, petroleum and deep-water drilling. The characteristics of size and shape of particles produced during rock drilling influence drilling efficiency and energy consumption. We report a series of drilling experiments on sandstone, limestone and shale to systematically examine particle size distribution and shape and correlate these with original rock structure and composition. Correlations are established via metrics of particle size distribution, average circularity and specific surface area. Impact breakage and contact abrasion of individual particles during rock drilling are the main mechanisms controlling particle size and shape. Impact breakage is controlled by the structural distribution of mineral phases, while contact abrasion is principally related to the hardness of mineral phases. The particle size distribution is affected by the structural distribution of mineral phases. The average circularity of the drilling particles is mainly controlled by the hardness of mineral phases. The specific surface area of rock drilling particles is determined by both structural distribution and hardness of mineral phases – with homogeneous structure and low average hardness of the phases reducing the resulting specific surface area of the drilling products.     

海砂颗粒形态评价与海拌混凝土性能研究

为初步评估海洋资源用作混凝土原材料的可行性,先通过数字图像技术求取海砂与河砂颗粒样本的椭圆率、圆度及坚固性参数,对两者颗粒形态特征做出综合评价,然后采用RCT法检测海拌混凝土游离氯离子含量,并测定混凝土不同龄期的抗压强度及碳化深度。结果表明,海砂与河砂颗粒细长程度、棱角及内凹曲面显著程度均非常接近,颗粒形态不存在本质差异;天然海水有助于混凝土早期强度的提升,对后期强度及碳化深度的影响则较为微弱;商品海砂会对混凝土力学性能产生轻微负面影响,并使抗碳化性能大幅下降。     

宽肩台防波堤稳定性数值模拟方法研究

宽肩台堆石堤是海岸工程中的一种海堤形式,其以结构简单、施工快捷、布局灵活和造价经济的特点在工程中得到了广泛应用。宽肩台防波堤以堆积块石为主体,在海区波浪作用下达到稳定的堆积结构。进行宽肩台式防波堤稳定性的研究 是设计宽肩台防波堤的重要基础。介绍了波浪水槽的光滑粒子动力学 （SPH） 理论和建立方法,验证了造波结果。提出了一种块石单元法 （GEM） 模式,以块石单元为独立刚体来模拟宽肩台防波堤上的块石在波浪作用下的受力状态和运动过程。建立了一种垂向二维光滑粒子动力学方法 SPH 与 GEM 耦合的波浪和块石模型,采用 SPH 与 GEM 相结合,对防波堤堆石孔隙外部的波浪运动和内部的孔隙环流进行模拟计算,并根据 Forchheimer 公式确定孔隙内部的压力。用 SPH 方法模拟堆石堤外部流场的波浪破碎压力,用孔隙环流模拟堆石堤内部的孔隙压力。使用耦合模式模拟了宽肩台防波堤孔隙流场,验证了孔隙压力分布。模拟了波浪作用于块石和块石对波浪动力响应过程,给出了静态平衡到动态平衡的流固场变化,模拟结果与物理模型试验结果基本一致。耦合模型的建立为宽肩台堆石堤的稳定性研究提供了理论依据,同时也为同类型工程研究提供了新思路。