SSI效应对粘弹性阻尼结构减震效果的影响分析

本文以一单跨7层框架结构为研究对象,对不同场地和地震波输入条件下的粘弹性阻尼结构进行了二维有限元时程分析,探讨了SSI（土-结构动力相互作用）效应对粘弹性阻尼结构减震效果的影响。分析结果表明：①在硬土和稍硬土地基条件下,SSI效应明显降低了结构的楼层位移峰值,若在抗震设计中对客观存在的SSI效应加以考虑,设置较少数量的阻尼器（与刚性地基假定条件下确定的阻尼器数量相比）就能使结构的实际地震位移反应满足基于刚性地基假定的地震位移控制目标;②粘弹性阻尼结构的减震效果与场地条件、输入地震动特性密切相关;③与刚性地基相比,SSI效应使粘弹性阻尼结构的减震效果明显降低,且地基越软,降低幅度越大。因此,在实际的工程设计中,应当充分考虑SSI效应,对粘弹性阻尼结构的减震控制效果进行合理的评价,并针对不同的场地条件选用合适的阻尼器类型和性能参数,才有可能达到预期的减震控制效果。     

方形组合式钢丝绳隔震器静刚度试验研究

作者研制了一种新型方形组合式钢丝绳隔震器。该种隔震器由4个条形夹具夹持16根普通镀锌钢丝绳组合而成,从结构形式上保证了水平刚度对称。经过多次垂直向循环静力加卸载试验,运用Origin 7.0软件对实验数据进行分析处理,绘制出该种隔震器的静力特性曲线,并分别与目前防护工程中采用的条形不锈钢钢丝绳隔震器、鼓形钢丝绳隔震器的静力特性曲线进行了比较。试验结果表明,方形组合式钢丝绳隔震器不但具有初始刚度大、软特性明显、阻尼大、加工简便、性价比高等优点,而且克服了条形不锈钢钢丝绳隔震器价格高、水平刚度不相同和鼓形钢丝绳隔震器加工复杂的不足,在今后的防护工程隔震技术中有良好的应用前景。     

Bayesian methods for estimating multi-segment discharge rating curves

This study explores Bayesian methods for handling compound stage–discharge relationships, a problem which arises in many natural rivers. It is assumed: (1) the stage–discharge relationship in each rating curve segment is a power-law with a location parameter, or zero-plane displacement; (2) the segment transitions are abrupt and continuous; and (3) multiplicative measurement errors are of equal variance. The rating curve fitting procedure is then formulated as a piecewise regression problem where the number of segments and the associated changepoints are assumed unknown. Procedures are developed for describing both global and site-specific prior distributions for all rating curve parameters, including the changepoints. Estimation and uncertainty analysis is evaluated using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation (MCMC) techniques. The first model explored accounts for parameter and model uncertainties in the interpolated area, i.e. within the range of available stage–discharge measurements. A second model is constructed in an attempt to include the uncertainty in extrapolation, which is necessary when the rating curve is used to estimate discharges beyond the highest or lowest measurement. This is done by assuming that the rate of changepoints both inside and outside the measured area follows a Poisson process. The theory is applied to actual data from Norwegian gauging stations. The MCMC solutions give results that appear sensible and useful for inferential purposes, though the latter model needs further efforts in order to obtain a more efficient simulation scheme.     

Changes of temperature extremes for 1960–2004 in Far-West China

The spatial and temporal patterns of the temperature extremes defined by 5th and 95th percentiles based on daily maximum/minimum temperature dataset were analyzed using Mann–Kendall test and linear regression method. The research results indicate that: (1) the seasonal minimum temperature is in stronger increasing trend than the seasonal maximum temperature; (2) in comparison with the changes of the maximum temperature, more stations display significantly increasing trends of minimum temperature in frequency and intensity; (3) comparatively, more stations have significantly decreasing trends in the intra-seasonal extreme temperature anomaly in summer and winter than in spring and autumn. The areal mean minimum temperature is in stronger increasing trend than areal mean maximum temperature; (4) the warming process in the Far-West (FW) China is characterized mainly by significantly increasing minimum temperature. The research will be helpful for local human mitigation to alterations in water resource and ecological environment in FW China due to changes of temperature extremes, as the ecologically fragile region of China.     

Rice Husk Ash as a Low Cost Adsorbent for the Removal of Methylene Blue and Congo Red in Aqueous Phases

Adsorption is of significant importance for effluent treatment, especially for the treatment of colored effluent generated from the dyeing and bleaching industries. Low cost adsorbents have gained attention over the decades as a means of achieving very high removal efficiencies to meet effluent discharge standards. The present article reports on batch investigations for color removal from aqueous solutions of Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR) using Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as an alternative low cost adsorbent. The performance analysis was carried out as a function of various operating parameters, such as initial concentration of dye, adsorbent dose, contact time, shaker speed, interruption of shaking and ionic concentration. Performance studies revealed that a very high percentage removal of color was achievable for both dyes. The maximum percentage removal of MB was 99.939%, while 98.835% removal was observed for CR. These percentage removals were better than existing systems. Detailed data analysis indicated that adsorption of MB followed the Temkin isotherm, while CR followed the Freundlich isotherm. These isotherms were feasible within the framework of experimentation. Batch kinetic data, on the other hand, indicated that pseudo second order kinetics governed adsorption in both cases. Sensitivity analysis further indicated that the effects of initial dye concentration, shaker speed, pH and ionic strength had no noticeable effect on the percentage dye removal at equilibrium. Batch desorption studies revealed that 50% acetone solution was optimum for CR, while desorption of MB varied directly with acetone concentration.     

饱和软黏土地基静压管桩承载力时间效应试验研究

对饱和软黏土地基中的静压管桩进行隔时复压试验发现,复压起动压桩力在沉桩25 d后的增长幅度达2.5倍以上,且前期增长较快而后期较慢。理论分析及试验对比证明,利用隔时复压起动压力作为静压桩极限承载力是合理的,而且可以观察到承载力短期内的变化,是进行承载力时效性研究的有效试验途径,分析后认为承载力的增长主要是由于桩侧黏土抗剪强度的提高所致。通过修正得到黏土层桩侧单位面积侧阻力的增长曲线,回归分析得出3种不同的预测公式,对比发现基于对数函数的预测表达式更接近实际情况。     

高分子材料SH固沙性能与微结构相关性研究

SH作为一种环保型、节约型有机高分子固化材料,用于沙漠治理具有广阔的应用前景。采用不同浓度SH、不同加固方式对沙体进行加固,加固后沙体微结构会发生变化,其物理力学性能也会出现显著变化。通过图形处理软件对固化后沙体的SEM图像进行计算分析;利用多元逐步回归分析方法对其性能参数与微结构参数之间的相关性进行计算,并对其相关性进行分析评价。计算结果表明,二者之间存在着良好的相关关系,各向异性、等效直径、扁圆度、充填比和面积比是对固化沙土力学性质影响较为显著的5个微结构参数。从微观角度证明了SH是一种较为理想的高分子固沙材料。     

基于小波变换和GALSSVM的边坡位移预测

边坡变形是一个受多种因素综合作用的复杂非线性动力学演化过程,用现有的物理模型来解决边坡变形的预测问题有很大难度。大量的研究工作表明,用实测的边坡位移时间序列来预测边坡未来变形更为准确,而将多种方法组合起来进行预测成为研究的主要趋势。在此基础上,建立了一种基于小波变换和进化最小二乘支持向量机(GALSSVM)的边坡位移预测模型。首先利用小波变换将边坡时间序列分解为低频分量和高频分量,然后利用互信息法和伪近邻法得到各分量的时间延迟和嵌入维数并进行相空间重构,再根据各个相空间的特点建立相应的GALSSVM预测模型,最后把各分量的预测结果进行小波重构,重构后的结果即为最终的边坡位移预测结果。对丹巴滑坡预测研究表明,这种新的预测模型具有较高的预测精度,可以应用于实际工程     

参数优化LSSVM的巷道围岩松动圈预测研究

最小二乘支持向量机方法(LSSVM)在处理小样本、高维数、非线性的问题时,具有求解速度快、易于描述非线性关系的优良特性。但是,该方法得到的模型拟合精度和泛化能力依赖于其相关参数,因此,提出基于粒子群优化算法(PSO)的LSSVM参数优选方法。最后,用该模型对巷道围岩松动圈进行了预测研究。结果表明,PSO优化的LSSVM模型具有收敛速度快、计算精度高的特点,说明该模型是合理、有效的。     

宁夏土地利用时、空变化及其驱动机制

利用1990年和2000年两期遥感图像,通过遥感和GIS空间分析方法,研究了1990-2000年宁夏回族自治区的土地利用动态变化情况.宁夏土地利用变化最主要的特点是耕地增加,草地和未利用土地的减少,城镇居民建设用地有小规模快速增长,其它土地利用变化处于动态平衡中.空间变化表明,土地利用变化随自然和社会经济条件不同有不同程度和幅度的变化.宁夏土地利用变化的驱动机制,以反映人类活动强度和区域社会经济情况的人类活动综合度和距居民地距离因子,及自然属性方面的海拔与坡度对土地利用变化的驱动作用最显著,说明人类活动和社会经济的发达程度是宁夏土地利用变化的基本驱动力,而自然的限制因素海拔与坡度等则一定程度上限制了变化的分布.由于人口和社会经济发展的压力,宁夏在原有耕地分布基础上,新增耕地较多的位于远离灌渠、道路和居民地的地区,而且海拔和坡度均趋于不合理.