南黄海埋藏古三角洲

应用高分辨地球物理测量手段在南黄海中部深水区测量,发现了大面积以前积与前人所述反射结构为特征的埋藏三角洲地层。经过岩芯沉积成份分析、有孔虫组合、１４Ｃ年龄测定,证明是晚更新世晚期海退时期的古黄河三角洲沉积,并能与相邻的地层时代和沉积环境对应。结合华北平原与陆架区埋藏古河道的研究证明,晚更新世晚期低海面时期已经形成了黄河,并且流进了渤、黄海陆架海区。     

南京汤山猿人生存古环境重建探讨

由铀系法测定的５组化石年代数据表明,南京汤山猿人年代为２８０￣４３０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．之间;以剑齿象,李氏野猪,肿骨鹿,葛氏斑鹿、三门马等为主的古动物群化石,证实了南京猿人生活在中更新世中期偏晚,距今约３５０ｋａ左右。鉴定的孢粉主要为喜暖湿、暖干的落叶阔叶与针叶及蕨类混合林以及偏干凉的（松）针叶林、既未发现反映寒冷的云杉、冷杉、也未发现反映干旱的黄连木,表明本区猿人生存时并未经历中更新世冰期时的冰川环境     

古水文地质方法在研究下庄花岗岩型铀矿床中的应用

本文在分析华南下庄铀矿田区域地质背景、古气候条件的基础上,运用古水文地质方法对该区构造－古水文地质分斯、分区进行了划分,确定了下庄铀成矿古水热系统的补给区、径流区和排泄区位置,并对该水热系统中铀成矿作用水文地质过程作了简要的归纳。     

Revisiting Late Quaternary Slip-rate along the Maqu Segment of the Eastern Kunlun Fault,Northeast Tibet

The Late Quaternary slip rate along the Maqu segment of the eastern Kunlun Fault was estimated using a combination of high-resolution remote sensing imagery interpretation, field observations and differential Global Positioning System(GPS) measurements of offset river terraces, and 14 C dating of snail shells collected from offset risers. The results show that the left-slip rate along the segment is 3–5 mm/a, and that the vertical slip rate is 0.3–0.5 mm/a. Both the horizontal and vertical slips on the segment remain consistent over a distance of ~100 km. It means that no slip gradient as previously suggested occurred along the Maqu segment, and which thus might behave as an independent seismogenic fault. Judging from multiple relationships among young terrace offsets, we infer that co-seismic surface rupture produced by a characteristic earthquake with a magnitude of Ms7.0–7.5 on the Maqu fault could generate a horizontal slip of 4.5–5 m and a vertical slip of 0.45–0.5 m, with a corresponding ratio(Dh/Dv) of about 9. Two surface rupture events must have occurred over the past 3300 years, the latest one possibly between 1485 cal BP and 1730 cal BP.     

ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUASHAN PIEDMONT NORMAL FAULT: INSIGHTS FROM FLUVIAL GEOMORPHIC PARAMETERS

The Huashan piedmont fault, forming a part of the southern margin of the Weihe graben, is one of the important normal faults that control the subsidence of the intracontinental rift. Developing on the footwall of the fault, the Huashan block has experienced rapid cooling during the Cenozoic, especially since the early-middle Miocene. Mountain exhumation causes and transports a great amount of sediments to the adjacent hanging wall, setting a typical case of mountain-basin coupling system. Studies on active tectonics, historical and paleo earthquakes and field investigations reveal that the middle section(Huaxian-Huayin)of the fault is much more active than the west(Lantian-Huaxian)and east(Huayin-Lingbao)sections.
We extracted channel profiles of rivers that originate from the main water divide of the northern flank of the Huashan Mountain. Based on the method of slope-area analysis and the integral approach, we identified knickpoints, calculated channel concavity and steepness indices, and constructed paleo river profiles. Of most rivers, the concavities are within a relatively narrow range of 0.3~0.6, with no obvious correlation with tectonics. However, channel steepness and knickpoint distribution vary spatially. In the east section, rivers are under steady-state with smooth, concave-up channels and lower steepness((104±30)m^0.9). In the other two sections, rivers are mainly under transient state with slope-break knickpoints. For the channel segments below knickpoints, steepness indices are much higher in the middle section((230±92)m^0.9)than in the west((152±53)m^0.9). Thus, the variance of fault activity can be reflected by channel steepness pattern. Above the knickpoints, channel steepness indices are much lower(middle(103±23)m^0.9, west(60±14)m^0.9). What's more, we found a statistically significant power-law scaling between knickpoint retreat distance and catchment drainage area. Thus, we attributed these knickpoints to be the results of recent rapid uplift of the Huashan block. The relief of paleo channels(middle(1000±153)m, west(751±170)m)accounts for~60%~80% of the relief of modern rivers(middle(1323±249)m, west(1057±231)m), which means that ~20%~40% of modern channel relief was caused by the episode of the rapid uplift. Assuming a balance between the rates of rock uplift and downstream river incision, a power-law function between uplift rates and channel steepness can be derived. According to the fault throw rates of the middle section 1.5~3mm/a(since late Pleistocene), we constrained slope exponent n~0.5 and channel erodibility K~1.5×10^-4m^0.55/a. Combining the knickpoint age formula, we estimated that the rapid mountain uplift/fault throw began at ~(0.55±0.25)Ma BP. Therefore, the middle of the Huashan piedmont fault is more active than the west and east sections. The fast fault throw of the west and middle sections since the middle Pleistocene has caused rapid mountain uplift and high topographic relief.     

The boron isotopic paleo-pH indicator-A theoretical re-evaluation

larger value of 1.033 instead of 1.0194.     

南海南部NS93-5柱样揭示的晚第四纪以来的古海洋学特征

由南海南部海区NS93 - 5柱样的浮游有孔虫氧同位素地层学和浮游有孔虫分析结果获得的古环境参数 ,揭示了距今 1 90ka以来南部海区受西太平洋热带水的影响 ,以及南沙海区表层水和苏禄海变性水的变化历史 ;在末次盛冰期碳酸盐含量较低 ,但是碳酸盐含量的最低值出现在氧同位素 4期 ;表层水体的含氧量呈现为间冰期大于冰期 ,而古生产力的变化则为冰期大于间冰期 ;依据氧同位素和浮游有孔虫特征分析结果 ,建立了南部海区距今 1 90ka以来的古气候演变序列。     

根据会聚重磁化圆求剩磁方向、古磁极及古纬度的程度

本文介绍了Ｈａｌｌｓ＾〖１〗提出的《根据会聚重磁化圆求剩磁方向的最小二乘法》的原理,据此编制了求剩磁方向、古磁极及古纬度的程序。这种方法可应用于需要求出诸会聚大圆的最佳交点的任何问题,因此除了古地磁学外,它还可应用于构造地质学、板 以及天文学等方面。     

辽南太古宙古陆壳构造变形及演化

由早期绿岩、变质ＴＴＧ杂岩及闪长岩为主构成的辽南古陆壳,在新太古宙末期—古元古代初期遭受了四期构造变形,以主期变形（第三期）最为显著。该期变形重塑了古陆壳上的太古宙岩石,形成密集而普遍的区域透入性主期片麻理（Ｓ３）,矿物线理（Ｌ３）及“顺片”掩卧褶皱（ｆ３）,并伴随高温低压条件下的角闪岩相区域变质作用,变形机制属中构造环境下由南至北的韧性水平剪切滑脱,其动力学成因可能为诱发古元古代辽东裂谷的地幔软流圈热羽的早期活动,导致辽南古陆块上部硅铝壳相对于壳下岩石圈作反向滑脱的壳下拆离作用。     

秦岭造山带古热水场地球化学类型及流体动力学模型探讨——热水沉积成矿盆地分析与研究方法之二

采用地质类比方法, 结合秦岭造山带热水沉积岩相研究, 提出热水沉积体系概念。通过现代陆相及海相热泉和秦岭热水沉积岩相对比, 按化学成分可将古热水场划分为强酸性硫酸盐型、弱酸强碱碳酸盐型、以ＳｉＯ２ 为酸酐型、碱性富Ｍｇ 重卤水型、热卤水型及强酸性硼硅酸盐型等６ 种类型古热水场。并对典型热水场的地球化学类型特征及成岩成矿作用进行了讨论。在前人研究的基础上, 探讨了热水系统的流体地球化学动力学。提出了热水沉积成矿盆地中热水系统的两类地球化学流体动力学模型, 热水层流体系模型和不同成分、性状的热水混合体系模型。从热水系统的边界协同学约束条件、空间拓朴结构、流体通量动量方程及矿质大规模沉淀的地球化学动力学等方面对这两类流体动力学模型进行了讨论。