中国西北地区石炭纪岩相古地理?

根据研究区实测露头剖面沉积构造、岩矿、沉积地球化学、粒度分析、古流向资料、重矿物及沉积相的综合研究，结合地层、古生物、区域岩性资料等，对研究区石炭纪岩相古地理特征进行了分析。研究区早石炭世有5个古陆，即阿勒泰古陆南准噶尔古陆、敦煌-走廊古陆、阿拉善古陆、陇西古陆；有10个沉积相区，即库马苏滨浅海相区、布尔津-富蕴滨浅海相区、博格达滨浅海区、北准噶尔深海-半深海相区、北天山半深海-深海相区、克拉美丽冲积扇-湖泊相区、克拉玛依冲积扇-湖泊区、南天山-北祁连滨浅相区、柴达木碳酸盐台地相区、中祁连滨浅海相区。晚石炭世的岩相古地理与早石炭世相比，既有继承性，也有一定的差异，古陆范围有所小；有5个古陆，即阿勒泰古陆、北准噶尔古陆、马鬃山古陆、敦煌-阿拉善古陆、中天山古陆；有9个沉积相区，即库马苏河湖相区、布津-富蕴河湖相区、克拉美丽－巴里坤滨浅海相区、博乐－库尔勒－红柳园滨浅海相区、克拉玛依－哈密半深海－深海相区、乌鲁木齐生物滩丘区、柴达木碳酸盐岩台地相区、宗务隆山浅海-半深海相区、祁连滨浅海相区。半深海-深海相区、滨浅海相区和三角洲相区是较为有利的气分布区。     

年代古地理学: 理论与实践*

古地理学研究和探讨的是地质历史时期的地表环境,是构造—环境(气候)—物质相互作用的产物。传统的古地理学及相应的构造古地理、生物古地理学等对大地构造演化及古大陆重建、油气勘探等起到了重要的作用。随着地球演化的深入研究,在多层圈的相互作用,特别是古气候、古环境等研究基础上,需要有机地把地表环境和构造环境相结合,并且综合考虑深层及浅层地质过程对古地理格局的形成和演化的制约。在传统的古地理学基础上,提出一个新的学科——年代古地理学,用以研究和探讨地质历史时期的地表过程。该学科是精细的同位素年代格架下的不同动力学—运动学—物质迁移—环境变迁形成古地理的研究,或者物质—力学—环境(气候)相互作用下的古地理格局的研究。旨在研究和探讨地表过程,亦即形成地表环境的过程,强调同一时间的多元性、不同空间的差异性和不同尺度的穿时性。文中以近年来研究的台湾、扬子及华北克拉通等地区的精细时间尺度下的古地理环境为例,进一步剖析年代古地理学对于重新理解和认识古构造格局演化的重要性。     

High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Triassic ‘Buntsandstein’ in the Netherlands and northwestern Germany

Detailed log correlations of the largely fluvio-lacustrine Lower Triassic Buntsandstein (Late Permian-Early Anisian), carried out on 80 wells in the Dutch onshore and offshore areas, can be linked to northwest-German high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. The correlations show that cyclic sedimentation occurred in large parts of the basin. Seven 1st-order sequences are recognised, namely the Main Claystone, Rogenstein, Volpriehausen, Detfurth, Hardegsen, Solling and Lower Röt Sequences. They are overlain by the lower part of the Upper Röt–Lower Muschelkalk Sequence. Distinct sequence boundaries have been identified at the bases of four sequences: Volpriehausen, Detfurth, Solling and Upper Röt. The higher-order sequences consist of fining-upwards cycles with a thickness of up to tens of metres. The sequences are laterally persistent and have a characteristic expression on gamma-ray and sonic logs. In the Lower Buntsandstein, they display a uniform character throughout most of the area, with only minor differences in thickness or lithology. NNE-oriented lows and swells were formed during deposition of the Volpriehausen, Detfurth and Hardegsen Sequences. Uplift prior to the deposition of the Solling Sequence caused deep erosion on the swells in the basin and minor erosion in the lows. The high-resolution sequences probably represent alternating, relatively wet and dry climatic periods, with a periodicity of about 100 000 years. An analysis of the sequences suggests that their reduced thickness on the swells is mainly the effect of erosion. This is supported by analyses of the accumulation patterns and rates.     

Geochemical evidence of paleogeography and paleoclimate during deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation in Kongnan area

The 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation has been made up of a large number of oil shale and mudstone in the Kongnan aera of Huanghua depression around the Bohai Bay. In the Kongnan area, the lake basins were very large and deep during the deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation. During that period,the lakes were sealed, uncommunieated with the sea water and the paleoclimate was very warm and wet in Kongnan area. Analyzing the content of the trace element and the rare earth element, carbon and oxygen isotope in the disquisition, The authors prove the two views correct.     

银额盆地及邻区石炭纪小独山期—二叠纪紫松期岩相古地理

采用野外地质调查与室内研究相结合的方法,根据野外地质调查收集的沉积岩岩石学特征、古生物及沉积构造标志,结合室内地球化学分析测试结果,总结研究区的沉积相划分标志,将研究区石炭系—二叠系阿木山组(干泉组)划分出6种沉积相,即辫状河三角洲相、冲积扇相、滨海相、碳酸盐岩台地相、浅海陆棚相和海相火山岩相,并进一步划分为13种沉积亚相。浅海陆棚相和滨海相是研究区沉积的主体,碳酸盐岩台地相次之,辫状河三角洲相和冲积扇相仅在靠近敦煌-阿拉善-狼山古陆及马鬃山-拐子湖中间隆起带的部分有分布,海相火山岩主要分布于裂谷中心火山喷发带。     

四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组有利沉积相带及岩相古地理特征

依据四川盆地古地理背景和古气候条件,结合中三叠统雷口坡组野外剖面、岩心和薄片的观察以及单井和连井沉积相等的分析认为,盆地周边水下隆起的障壁作用和干旱炎热气候条件共同影响雷口坡组的沉积相特征,海平面升降变化是控制沉积相发育和空间分布的重要因素。雷口坡组总体为一套障壁蒸发潟湖沉积,可分潟湖边缘坪、潟湖、潮坪和台缘障壁四种沉积亚相类型,并可进一步划分出多种微相。台缘障壁亚相潟湖边缘白云岩坪和颗粒浅滩是有利的沉积相带。雷口坡组可划分出SQ1—SQ4四个层序。绘制了雷口坡期各时段体系域的岩相古地理图,并分析了它们的岩相古地理特征。     

川东—渝北地区飞仙关组层序-岩相古地理特征

以沉积相分析和层序界面识别为依据,将川东-渝北地区下三叠统飞仙关组划分为2个三级层序(SQ1和SQ2)和6个体系域,编制各沉积体系域的层序-岩相古地理图.研究表明,SQ1层序时期,研究区受晚二叠世长兴末期的区域构造抬升影响,属于区域性缓慢海进-缓慢海退沉积旋回的产物,一度开阔深水的台盆逐渐变浅而转化为开阔台地沉积环境,台地边缘与台内鲕滩的沉积相分异和沉积作用十分活跃,是形成飞仙关组鲕滩储层的主要时期,尤以海侵期鲕滩最为发育;SQ2层序发育期,受海平面大幅度下降、水循环受限和干旱炎热气候的影响,区域沉积格局由开阔台地转化为局限台地,鲕滩逐渐消失,最终进入频繁暴露的蒸发台地环境,以沉积膏云岩为主,为飞仙关组天然气藏最重要的第一套区域性致密盖层发育层位.     

The geological evolution of southern McMurdo Sound — new evidence from a high-resolution aeromagnetic survey

Magnetic anomaly data are presented from a new helicopter-borne high-resolution aeromagnetic survey in southern McMurdo Sound. Anomaly data have been acquired at a common 305 m elevation above the McMurdo and southern McMurdo ice shelves and draped over the volcanic islands that pin them. The resulting anomaly patterns provide a significant advance in the understanding of the rift related geology beneath the floating ice shelves. More extensive Erebus Volcanic Province (McMurdo Volcanic Group) rocks are indicated along with a significant blanket of glaci-volcaniclastic sediment on the seafloor between the volcanic islands in southern McMurdo Sound. These glaci-volcaniclastic sediments are inferred to originate from former grounding of the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf as a marine ice sheet. A strong N–S fabric is also observed in the anomaly data suggesting that the rift structure observed in the Victoria Land basin persists to the south beneath the McMurdo and southern McMurdo ice shelves. W–N–W transfer faults identified within the Transantarctic Mountain rift flank to the west are not obvious in the aeromagnetic data set, implying that the 'Discovery Accommodation Zone' may be restricted to the region between a southward extension of the range bounding fault that marks the limit of the Victoria Land Basin and the right lateral offset in the Transantarctic Mountain front in southern Victoria Land.     

滇西南昌宁-孟连带南皮河群地层、沉积特征及其构造古地理意义

南皮河群位于滇西南昌宁-孟连带西区,其地层序列已受到后期构造作用改造,总体呈无序状态,但其内部的各岩片地层仍保持相对连续的地层层序。据此,我们将南皮河群划分为下、中、上段,对其中各段的沉积特征和构造背景作了详细研究。南皮河群下段为一套浊流、滑塌浊流、碎屑流和等深流沉积类型;中、上段为深水洋盆边缘沉积类型,其沉积构造背景为被动大陆边缘呈拉张状态的深水陆坡-洋盆边缘环境,物源区为西侧的保山-耿马地块。     

辽宁沉积盖层建造组合与构造古地理时空演化关系讨论

以板块构造学说为指导,以大陆动力学理论研究大陆块体离散、会聚、碰撞、造山的大陆动力学过程为主线,划分了陆块构造演化阶段.辽宁省由胶辽陆块、晋冀辽陆块2个Ⅰ级构造古地理单元组成;Ⅱ级构造古地理单元3个,即辽东陆内、燕辽裂谷、燕辽陆内;Ⅲ级构造古地理单元11个;Ⅳ级构造古地理单元14个.利用沉积岩建造组合与构造古地理单元时空结构演化关系,为研究辽宁省大地构造环境演化提供较系统的基础地质资料.