基于土地利用变化的甘肃省黄河流域生态系统服务价值研究北大核心CSCD

为探究1995—2020年甘肃省黄河流域基于土地利用的生态系统服务价值时空变化,选取甘肃省黄河流域1995、2000、2005、2010、2015、2020年6期土地利用数据,分别利用土地利用动态度、土地利用程度指数和土地利用转移矩阵分析了研究区土地利用时空变化特征;通过对单个生态系统服务价值当量的经济价值进行修正,计算分析了研究区6个不同时期的生态系统服务价值,进而探讨了研究区土地利用程度对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:(1)1995—2020年,研究区耕地和未利用地面积总体减小,林地、草地、水域和建设用地面积总体增加,变化最大的是建设用地;(2)1995—2020年,研究区草地的土地利用程度最高,其他地类转为草地的面积最大;(3)1995—2020年,研究区生态系统服务价值总体呈增加趋势,共增加5.104亿元;(4)从2020年土地利用类型来看,草地的生态系统服务价值最大,达255.016亿元;从2020年生态系统服务类型来看,保持土壤生态服务价值最大,达87.94亿元;从生态敏感性指数来看,研究区生态系统服务价值敏感性指数均<1,研究结果可信;从生态系统服务加之分级来看,中级比重较大,面积占比为82.07%;(5)研究区土地利用程度与生态系统服务价值呈显著负相关,相关系数为0.912。     

黄海陆架锋特征及其生态效应的初步分析

黄海陆架锋是影响中国东部陆架边缘海生态系统的一种关键的中尺度物理过程,对局部的生物地球化学过程非常重要.不少学者也致力于黄海陆架锋的研究,通过分析观测资料和数值模拟,不断认识和揭示了陆架锋的产生机制及其分布和变化规律,同时,在锋区环流结构以及陆架锋与一些生态学现象的联系方面也取得了一定的进展.在系统总结和归纳黄海陆架锋相关研究成果的基础上,阐述了陆架锋的生态效应和生态功能,并对今后黄海陆架锋区研究的着力点进行了分析,提出通过开展锋区生态系以及锋区生态系统动力学等方面的研究,有希望成为海洋生态学中新的生长点,同时也为黄海海洋生态学的研究提供新课题.     

环境资源与生态系统的关系

采用论述、图解及数学关系式的方法，较深入地分析了资源、环境与生态系统的关系。认为环境要素可分为仅产生污染型影响的环境要素；既可以产生污染型影响又可以导致资源破坏型影响的环境要素；仅产生资源破坏型影响3种类型。自然环境的优劣由组成自然环境各环境要素的环境质量状况和可作为自然环境要素的自然资源的数量多少决定。要实现环境与经济的可持续发展，应该把环境质量和资源利用同时作为衡量环境优劣的因素。     

平朔露天矿区生态环境空间信息系统的设计

平朔露天矿区生态环境空间信息系统（ESISP）是以MapGIS为平台,以露天矿区在土地复垦与生态重建中的资源与环境问题为研究对象,通过Visual C＋＋开发各类资源与生态环境专题应用模型.该系统可为矿区环境管理部门及从事生态环境的研究人员提供该矿区的环境背景信息及土地复垦、土地利用、环境质量、环境规划等专题分析,为解决平朔露天矿区的环境问题提供技术支持.本文介绍了ESISP系统的基本功能、空间数据库的建立及专题应用模型的设计方法.     

Impact of Land-use Patterns on Distributed Groundwater Recharge and Discharge——A Case Study of Westem Jilin, China

The impact of land-use on distributed groundwater recharge and discharge in the western Jilin (WJ) was analyzed in this study. WJ is a transitional, semi-arid zone with a fragile, hydrological closed ecosystem in the Songhua River Basin (SRB). The research tool includes a seamlessly linked MODFLOW, WetSpass, the Seepage packages, and ArcGIS. The model calibration showed good agreement between simulated water table elevation and measured water table depths, while predicted groundwater discharge zones showed strong correlations with field occurrences of drainage systems and wetlands. Simulated averages for distributed recharge, water table elevation and groundwater drawdown were 377.42mm/yr, 194.43m, and 0.18m respectively. Forest vegetation showed the highest recharge, followed by agricultural farmlands, while open-water and other drainage systems constituted groundwater exit zones. When present land-use conditions were compared with the hypothetical natural pre-development scenario, an overall loss of groundwater recharge (24.09mm/yr) was observed, which for the project area is 18.05 × 10⁸m³. Groundwater abstraction seemed to be the cause of water table drawdown, especially in the immediate vicinities of the supply wells. An important issue of the findings was the ability of the hypothetical forest vegetation to protect, and hence sustain aquifer reserves and dependent ecosystems. The profound data capture capability of ArcGIS makes it particularly useful in spatio-temporal hydroecological modeling. Biography: Moiwo Juana PAUL (1967–), male, a native of Sierra Leone of West Africa, Ph.D. candidate, specialized in wetland ecology.     

太子河本溪城区段河流水生态系统健康评价

太子河作为本溪的主要河流,是本溪工业、农业、生活的主要水源,为了更好的了解太子河本溪城区段的水体情况,以太子河本溪城区段流域为研究对象,基于2017年的平水期（4月）、丰水期（8月）、枯水期（11月）18个监测断面的监测数据,结合太子河本溪城区段的实际情况和特点,利用层次分析法的评价指标体系,对太子河本溪城区段进行水生态系统健康评价。通过比较分析,最终以平水期的评价结果为主,丰水期和枯水期的评价结果为辅。结果表明：仅有22%的监测断面处于健康状态、56%的监测断面处于亚健康状态、22%的监测断面处于一般状态,说明太子河本溪城区段大部分流域处于亚健康状态,水生态系统退化,需要加强管理和治理保护。     

内陆河流域森林生态系统生态水文过程研究

面对国家重大需求及生态水文学发展方向,指出内陆河流域森林生态系统生态水文过程研究的重要性。综述干旱区森林生态系统生态水文过程研究进展,同时总结该领域研究的不足,特别提出要加强森林生态系统融雪径流、壤中流和蒸散发的研究,旨在理解干旱区内陆河上游森林植被水源涵养功能,回答林业生态重大科学问题,同时以期推动内陆河流域森林生态...     

水稻土中微量营养元素全量与有效态含量评价

以简阳三岔镇土地整理区水稻土中B、Mn、Zn、Cu、Fe元素全量与有效态含量,有机质含量,pH值为数据源,对土壤微量营养元素有效态进行了分级评价,并结合有效态与全量、pH值、有机质含量的相关性进行分析,对研究区提出了养分管理建议。     

Numerical study on spatially varying control parameters of a marine ecosystem dynamical model with adjoint method

Based on the simulation of a marine ecosystem dynamical model in the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea,chlorophyll data are assimilated to study the spatially varying control parameters (CPs) by using the adjoint method.In this study,the CPs at some grid points are selected as the independent CPs,while the CPs at other grid points can be obtained through linear interpolation with the independent CPs.The independent CPs are uniformly selected from each 30 × 30 area,and we confirm that the optimal influence radius is 1.2° by a twin experiment.In the following experiments,when only the maximum growth rate of phytoplankton (V m) is estimated by two given types of spatially varying CPs,the mean relative errors of V m are 1.22% and 0.94% while the decrease rates of the mean error of chlorophyll in the surface are 94.6% and 95.8%,respectively.When the other four CPs are estimated respectively,the results are also satisfactory,which indicates that the adjoint method has a strong ability of optimizing the prescribed CP with spatial variations.However,when all these five most important CPs are estimated simultaneously,the collocation of the changing trend of each parameter influences the estimation results remarkably.Only when the collocation of the changing trend of each parameter is consistent with the ecological mechanisms which influence the growth of the phytoplankton in marine ecosystem,could the five most important CPs be estimated more accurately.     

A broad-scale assessment of the risk to coastal seagrasses from cumulative threats

Informing the management of coastal marine habitats at broad spatial scales is difficult because of the costs associated with collecting and analyzing ecological data at that scale. Spatially explicit assessments of the risk to coastal marine habitats from cumulative threats provide an alternative approach by identifying sites that are exposed to multiple anthropogenic threats at broad scales. In this study, qualitative measures of vulnerability were combined with geospatial data to evaluate the risk to coastal seagrasses at the scale of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) region (∼26,000 km²) of Queensland, Australia. The risk assessment outputs identified agricultural, urban and industrial runoff, and urban and port developments as the major anthropogenic activities threatening coastal seagrasses. ‘Hot spots’ with multiple threat exposure were all in industrial port locations and the southern two-thirds of the GBR. There is a distinct discontinuity in threat exposure along the GBR coast with 98% of seagrass meadows in the northern third exposed to only low levels of anthropogenic risk. The clustering of threat exposure is discussed in terms of coastal management policy. The approach outlined in this study provides management agencies a method of achieving maximum return for minimal investment in data collection at broad spatial scales by identifying sites where management intervention would be best targeted.